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This paper deals to create awareness amongst the civil engineers, residents and owners of building towards the health examination of existing concrete buildings called as Structural Audit. The need of structural audit is for maintenance and repairs of existing structures whose life has exceeded the age of 30 years to avoid any mishaps and save valuable human life. The concrete is widely used as construction material being inexpensive, easy for construction, applications and because of it high strength-cost ratio. More than ever, the construction industry is concerned with improving the social, economic and environmental parameters of sustainability. In India, from 1980 onwards the infrastructure industry witnessed stepping up of public investment and growth in infrastructure industry which results in construction of new multistory concrete apartments which are now in the age of thirty plus years. There are many buildings during this period and earlier have reduced strength in due course of time because of structural deficiency, material deterioration, unexpected over loadings or physical damage. If, further use of such deteriorated structure is continued it may endanger the lives of occupants and surrounding habitation. There is demand of appropriate actions and measures for all such building structures to improve its performance and restore the desired functions of structures which may leads to increase its functional life. The periodical structural auditing and diagnosis for health of existing buildings is thus utmost important for finding the present serviceability and structural viability of structures. The structural audit must be carried out following auditing norms, methods of non-destructive testing and code provisions. The structural A.B. Mahadik & M.H. Jaiswal 412 auditing will help to implement maintenance and repair work timely which leads to prolonged life of the building and safety of the occupants.
Buildings constructed during early 70's & late 80's of the last century in India are found to be in distressed conditions due to inadequate specifications and poor construction practices. The continuous monitoring of concrete structures using suitable NDT (Non Destructive Testing) methods and use of possible restoration methods help in a considerable reduction of the rate of deterioration of concrete structures thereby increasing the life span of structures. NDT methods have greater advantage in evaluating the uniformity, homogeneity, approximate compressive strength, durability, the extent of corrosion of rebars in concrete etc. of damaged structures. The objective of the present study is to enhance the life of 50 year old existing hospital building (Partly RC and Brick masonry) in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh. Condition assessments are carried out through a visual, field and laboratory evaluation of samples collected from the structure and results are presented in this paper. The paper also highlights the assessment of strength and durability of concrete to evaluate the extent of distress and damage in the building. Besides visual inspection, the Non Destructive Evaluation covering UPV & Rebound Hammer values and Half Cell Potential with respect to the status of corrosion of reinforcing bars and chemical tests on selected un-distressed RC columns, beams, and slabs are also presented and discussed. The repair and strengthening techniques using the latest materials and possible restoration works such as column jacketing, shotcreting, anticorrosive coatings, etc. have been suggested to enhance the life of the structure.
different advanced techniques in repair of structures.
Abstract: In a framed structure building, frame which is the heart of building. This frame is design by structural engineer taking in to consideration of factors and various codes which necessary. Different techniques used to assess of frames of old structure. Visual inspection non destructive test are used to access frame of structure is made. Keywords: Framed Structure, Load bearing Structure, Structural Audit, NDT Test. Title: Structural Audit Author: B.H Chafekar, O.S Kadam, K.B Kale, S.R Mohite, P.A Shinde, V.P Koyle International Journal Of Civil And Structural Engineering Research (IJCSER) Research Publish Journals
Buildings and other structures have a certain useful life, which depends on the specifications adopted. The large numbers of monuments, which are cherished heritage structures have stood well over a period of time. But some of these have shown signs of distress due to age, aggressive natural environment/industrial pollution etc. Further, distress gets aggravated due to overloading and misuse of buildings. A few Buildings have also failed due to faulty design or construction. The various causes of structural failure and the principles of rehabilitation of structures are discussed. In the structures, the cracks are generated due to different causes e.g. in some cases cracks are caused after the structure has been completed for a few years which results in shortening of life and strength of structure. The main criteria is how to repair a reinforced concrete elements of structures and for this the skills, knowledge, and experience required to repair damaged or deteriorated structures are decidedly different from those required to build new structures. The purpose of this paper is to justify the latest techniques, advanced materials and various requirements of repairing work to obstruct the deterioration which is necessary and economical than to reconstruct the building.
Commonly occurring cracking in structures need investigation for their causes so as to allow engineers to carry out suitable repair and remedial measures. If the concept behind various causes of cracking is understood by engineers, the repair and remedies could be made more effective. To examine the exact causes it is necessary to observe carefully, the location, shape, size, depth, behavior and other characteristics of the cracks, and to collect information about specifications of the job, time of construction and past history of the structure. The first sight of crack is important to be known by the engineer. Structural cracks are the one whose inherent cause lies in either in incorrect design, or faulty construction or overloading and are the one which can endanger the safety of a given structure. On the other hand, the non-structural cracks are the one which have the underlying origin due to moisture or thermal fluctuations, elastic deformation, creep, chemical reaction, or reason related to the foundation soil such as it movement or settlement or unhindered vegetation. Non-structural cracks are mostly due to internally induced stresses in building materials and these generally do not directly result in structural weakening. Non uniform settlement is usually the most problematic, as it leads to structural distortions and therefore not only to serviceability but also ultimate limit states. In this case study, cracks are detected, crack width and depth are measured, and their profile is plotted. It is hoped that the remedial and control measures for repair and prevention of cracks that are suggested in the conclusion, will prove useful and help the engineers to take decisions for quality construction.
Monitoring of concrete structure like buildings, bridges etc is very essential to ensure safety, stability and serviceability. The structure should, not only being safe, also be functioning as its intended use. Heavy cracking, excessive deflections, corrosion, spalling of concrete, surface stains are main characteristics of the degraded properties of a RC structure. The final goal of condition assessment of a building is to find the urgency of repair, nature of repair and cost associated with repairing. A condition assessment model based on five parameter: Visual inspection, ultrasonic pulse velocity, resistivity of concrete and age factor was prepared. On the basis of above condition index, repair urgency associated with structure was assigned. Prepared model then applied to existing structures.
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