Blue Economy

Springer Journal, 2023

Bioeconomy; Blue growth; Ocean economy; Ocean sustainability Definition Although no specific definition is designated for this term, this concept has been previously defined based on the field of application and utilization. The blue economy refers to the sustainable utilization of ocean and coastal resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and job creation while preserving the health of marine ecosystems. It is also regarded as an economic concept encompassing various economic activities in the ocean and coastal area, including traditional activities such as fishing, shipping, and shipbuilding, as well as newer activities such as offshore wind and wave energy, ocean-based aquaculture, and marine biotechnology. It is defined as the range of economic activities in the coastal zone and on the ocean, including shipping, fishing, oil and gas extraction, tourism, and renewable energy production. Generally, the blue economy mainly focuses on the responsible extraction and utilization of marine resources required to enhance ocean-based economies while adopting more balanced conservation measures to ensure resource sustainability.

The blue economy gives a holistic answer binding together sea-based economic activities while ensuring a sustainable exploitation of the most visible shared resource in the Mediterranean: the sea itself. Promoting regional solutions is a way of reversing dangerous environmental trends while reinforcing a development agenda for the most embattled coastal communities, providing decent jobs, and fighting the deep roots of migration.

2019

Reflections on the ‘Towards an Inclusive Blue Economy’ conference organized by the International Institute for Environment and Development in London in February 2019.Behind the trendy environmental terms ‘Blue Economy’ and ‘Blue Growth’ lies a view that the Earth’s oceans promise great untapped economic potential. The unutilized value of the oceans is estimated at US$24 trillion, including sectors like energy generation, maritime transport, tourism, capture fisheries and aquaculture. Such a Blue Economy is supposed to also cater to aspects of social and ecological sustainability. However, a Blue Economy will not become inclusive nor equitable by default. This was the starting point for the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) conference in London titled ‘Towards an Inclusive Blue Economy’, held on February 25-26, 2019

2017

Blue economy' is the integration of ocean economy development with values of social inclusion and environmental sustainability, along with dynamic and innovative business models. For India, however, blue economy extends beyond being merely an economic and environmental proposition. It presents India with an unprecedented opportunity to meet its national objectives, strengthen connectivity with neighbours, and exert influence in the surrounding regions. This paper argues that India should take advantage of the economic development of the Indian Ocean and examines how India can assume a leadership role in the region.

The World Bank, 2017

This report was drafted by a working group of United Nations entities, the World Bank, and other stakeholders to suggest a common understanding of the blue economy; to highlight the importance of such an approach, particularly for small island developing states and coastal least developed countries; to identify some of the key challenges its adoption poses; and to suggest some broad next steps that are called for in order to ensure its implementation. Although the term “blue economy” has been used in different ways, it is understood here as comprising the range of economic sectors and related policies that together determine whether the use of oceanic resources is sustainable. An important challenge of the blue economy is thus to understand and better manage the many aspects of oceanic sustainabil- ity, ranging from sustainable fisheries to ecosystem health to pollution. A second significant issue is the realization that the sustainable management of ocean resources requires collabo- ration across nation-states and across the public-private sectors, and on a scale that has not been previously achieved. This realization underscores the challenge facing the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Least Developed Countries (LDCs) as they turn to better man- aging their blue economies. The “blue economy” concept seeks to promote economic growth, social inclusion, and the preservation or improvement of livelihoods while at the same time ensuring environmen- tal sustainability of the oceans and coastal areas. At its core it refers to the decoupling of socioeconomic development through oceans-related sectors and activities from environmen- tal and ecosystems degradation. It draws from scientific findings that ocean resources are limited and that the health of the oceans has drastically declined due to anthropogenic activities. These changes are already being profoundly felt, affecting human well-being and societies, and the impacts are likely to be amplified in the future, especially in view of pro- jected population growth. The blue economy has diverse components, including established traditional ocean indus- tries such as fisheries, tourism, and maritime transport, but also new and emerging activi- ties, such as offshore renewable energy, aquaculture, seabed extractive activities, and marine biotechnology and bioprospecting. A number of services provided by ocean ecosystems, and for which markets do not exist, also contribute significantly to economic and other human activity such as carbon sequestration, coastal protection, waste disposal and the existence of biodiversity. The mix of oceanic activities varies in each country, depending on their unique national cir- cumstances and the national vision adopted to reflect its own conception of a blue economy. In order to qualify as components of a blue economy, as it is understood here, activities need to: ■ provide social and economic benefits for current and future generations ■ restore, protect, and maintain the diversity, productivity, resilience, core functions, and intrinsic value of marine ecosystems ■ be based on clean technologies, renewable energy, and circular material flows that will reduce waste and promote recycling of materials.

Blue Economy has the potential to upgrade the economic profile of the nations through the lanes of innovations, sustainability and tapping the untapped living and non-living resources of the oceans, seas, bays and estuaries. The major sectors of Blue Economy comprise of marine biodiversity, mineral resources of the oceans and seas, renewable natural resources, shipping, coastal tourism, sea-based livelihoods etc. One of the major objectives of Blue Economy is to reduce the carbon foot prints, which is an assurance to sustain the marine biodiversity. The present paper discusses the major sectors of Blue Economy with particular reference to Indian Sundarbans, the designated World Heritage Site.

Frontiers in Marine Science

Historia (Chile), 2024

En la bisagra de los siglos XVI y XVII, la expansión territorial de la Monarquía Hispánica encontró un tope en Asia, a orillas del Pacífico, donde se habían impuestos otros poderes regionales y europeos. En Manila, la convivencia con estos otros, identificados como enemigos del rey católico, contrastaba con la percepción de apartamiento de los intereses de la Corona española. La circulación de discursos de alteridad permitió a los agentes reales recortar las distancias tanto culturales con las poblaciones indígenas y extranjeras del archipiélago como geográficas con las diferentes instancias de la Monarquía. El análisis de las opiniones cruzadas de funcionarios, religiosos y del propio monarca sobre el estado de las Filipinas y las posibles soluciones a sus problemas, permite reflexionar sobre la diversidad de marcos de referencia de los sujetos cuya movilidad interoceánica activó las dinámicas globalizadoras de la Primera Modernidad.