Report on the ICOMOS Advisory Mission to Kizhi Pogost (C 544) 13th – 17th March 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..............................................................................................4 2. MAIN THREATS IDENTIFIED PREVIOUSLY ................................................................5 3. PARTICIPANTS ............................................................................................................6 4. MISSION TERMS OF REFERENCE ................................................................................ 8 5. MISSION REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................9 5.1. Review of the overall state of conservation of the property ......................................... 9 5.2. Review of the restoration works in the Church of the Transfiguration .......................... 9 5.2.1. Status of the restoration project ........................................................................... 9 5.2.2. The missing parts of the interior “heaven”- ceiling (“Nebo”) .................................12 5.2.3. Surface treatment of roof elements and other building parts ...............................13 5.2.4. The project proposal for the boarding of the church ............................................14 5.2.5. The project proposal for a glass window in the floor of the church.......................14 5.2.6. The project proposal for interior lighting in the Church of the Transfiguration ......15 5.2.7. The plans for restoration of the Church of the Intercession. ................................15 5.2.8. The project proposal for site improvement ............................................................ 16 5.3. Assessment of the revised Management Plan updated in accordance with the ICOMOS Technical Review .......................................................................................... 16 5.3.1. Implementation of the management plan ............................................................16 5.3.2. The creation of zones A (photos 1 – 2 - 3) and B (photo 4) .................................. 17 5.3.3. Monitoring ..........................................................................................................18 5.3.4. Fire protection measures ....................................................................................18 5.4. Assessment of the visitor management strategy of “Kizhi Pogost” (photos 1, 11 and 12) ............................................................................................................................19 5.4.1. On the use of the Church of the Transfiguration in winter time ............................19 5.4.2. Museum Depository............................................................................................19 5.4.3. Visiting traditional houses and chapels – “the Kizhi Necklace” ............................19 5.4.4. Facilities for visitors – transport connections .......................................................20 5.4.5. Signalling on the island .......................................................................................21 5.5. Assessment of the project of development of the Entrance zone on Kizhi Island (Zone A and zone B), updated in accordance with the ICOMOS Technical Review .............21 5.5.1. Zone A ...............................................................................................................21 5.5.2. Zone B ...............................................................................................................22 5.6. Assessment of the development projects, sent to the World Heritage Centre with the State Party’s report on the state of conservation 2016-2017 ......................................24 5.6.1. The “Architectural and ethnographic sector Northern Vepsians”..........................24 5.6.2. Reconstruction of the warehouse building on Kizhi Island ...................................25 2 5.6.3. Construction of the specialized exposition, restoration and storage complex on Kizhi Island ..................................................................................................................25 5.6.4. Water supplies and sewage disposal systems……………………………………..26 5.7. Other information on the mission ...............................................................................26 6. LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................... 27 7. ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................. 32 ANNEX A – Composition of the Mission Team ANNEX B – Participants ANNEX C – Terms of Reference ANNEX D – Mission Programme ANNEX E – Statement by the Supervisory Committee ANNEX F – Project proposals for reinforcement of the quadrangle beams ANNEX G – Technical proposal for strengthening the quadrangle ANNEX H – Mr Jens Kickler’s suggestion for reinforcement of the quadrangle ANNEX I – Suggested solutions by Kizhi State Museum-Reserve ANNEX J – Report on the restoration of the heaven ceiling and the royal doors ANNEX K – Report on the restoration of the iconostasis and interior elements ANNEX L – Photographs 3 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The members of the ICOMOS Advisory mission are grateful to the authorities of the Russian Federation for the invitation and assistance they provided for the Advisory mission to the World Heritage property of Kizhi Pogost. The mission members would like to convey their gratitude to the Russian National Commission for UNESCO, for its assistance and support. The mission members would like to convey their gratitude to Pavel Mosolov and Irina Kazey, Deputy Director and Officer, respectively, of the Unit of State Protection of Cultural Heritage Sites, within the Department of State Protection of Cultural Heritage of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, for their active participation in meetings, presentations and site visits. The mission also thanks the staff and specialists of the Kizhi State Museum-Reserve for their exceptional hospitality, availability, strong communication and valuable information on the current situation of the World Heritage property, during numerous working meetings and site visits. Special thanks is given to Ms. Elena Bogdanova, Director of the Kizhi State MuseumReserve, who actively supported and participated in this mission. 4 2. MAIN THREATS IDENTIFIED PREVIOUSLY The World Heritage Committee has examined the state of conservation of the property on 12 occasions since the inscription of the property in 1990. The threats that previously have been underscored include: • • • • • Threats to structural integrity and deteriorated state of the Church of the Transfiguration; Absence of an integrated Management Plan and an operational management system that addresses overall management of the property, tourism management, land use management, management of infrastructure development on Kizhi Island (visitor facilities, artefacts, warehouse, etc.), and establishment of the buffer zone; Absence of a completed “Statement of Outstanding Universal Value” for the property; Absence of conservation guidelines and principles to guide consistent decision making regarding reinforcement, treatment of witness marks, and retention or replication of historic fabric and details; Threats to the Outstanding Universal Value of the church, such as any delay in the restoration process due to lack of funding, as well as change of personnel in the restoration team, which will lead to loss of invaluable experience and understanding of this particular building and of the complicated restoration work. 5 3. PARTICIPANTS Participants in the mission and related meetings and site visits were as follow: Members of the ICOMOS Advisory mission team: • Arnt Magne Haugen, ICOMOS, Norway • Alkiviadis Prepis, ICOMOS, Greece Participants from the Russian Federation ministry of Culture: • Pavel Mosolov - Deputy Director of the Unit for State Protection of Cultural Heritage Sites, Department of State Protection of Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. • Irina Kazey - Officer of the Unit for State Protection of Cultural Heritage Sites, Department of State Protection of Cultural Heritage , Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. Participants from the Republic of Karelia: • Alexey Lesonen – Minister of Culture of the Republic of Karelia • Yulia Alipova – Head of the Department for the Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects of the Republic of Karelia Participating members of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, Russian Federation Ministry of Culture: • Tatyana Vakhrameyeva – Director of CJSC LAD, Architect-restorer of the highest rank. • Victor Popov – Architect of the VITOSLAVITSY museum of wooden architecture (V.Novgorod), Architect-restorer of the highest rank • Vladimir Titov – First Category Architect-restorer Representatives of the contractors: • Vladimir Rakhmanov – Chief architect of the restoration project of the Church of the Transfiguration • Vitaliy Skopin, Director of LLC ARTS ZAONEZHIE • Alexey Chusov - Deputy Director of LLC ARTS ZAONEZHIE • Alexander Savelyev - Director of LLC SKF ALEKON • Iosif Rasha – Chief engineer of the restoration project of the Church of the Transfiguration Other participants of the mission: • Jens Kickler – Professor of the Berlin Technical University, Ph. D in Engineering Science. • Alexey Petrov – Assistant Professor – Head of the Department of Technology and Organization of Construction of the Institute of Forestry, Mountain and Building Sciences of Petrozavodsk State University • Sergey Itsikson – Chief architect of LLC Karelproject • Valery Gulyaev – Director of LLC Isograph, Ph D. in Architecture. • Alexander Fedotov – Head of the Velikaya Guba settlement • Nikolay Ozolin – Former priest on Kizhi island Participants from Museum Administration, supervision & craftsmen: • Elena Bogdanova – Director of the Museum • Dmitriy D. Lugovoy – Deputy Director of the World Heritage property “Kizhi Pogost” and Kizhi Island territory management 6 • • • • • • • • • • • • Olga Titova – Head of the Service for the World Heritage Site management and development, Coordinator of the UNESCO Chair “Wooden Architecture Research and preservation” Aleksander Lyubimtsev – Deputy Director on restoration Igor Melnikov – Deputy Director for Science-Exhibition Activity Tatyana Nezvitskaya – Head of the Service for Security and Preservation of the historical and architectural complex Andrey Kovalchuk – Head of the Carpenter Centre Tatiana Kontsevenko – Chief of the Conservation of cultural heritage restoration and monitoring activities service Natalia Sedneva – Head of the law department Irina Nabokova – i.A of the chief curator of museums items Tatyana Brygina, Interpreter Olga Bukchina, Interpreter Alexey Isaev, Interpreter Victoria Filatova, Interpreter 7 4. MISSION TERMS OF REFERENCE The terms of reference for the Advisory mission were defined based on: - the recommendations from the September 2015 Advisory mission to the property; - the decision of the 40th session of the World Heritage Committee; - recommendations of the ICOMOS Technical Review of the Management Plan of the World Heritage property “Kizhi Pogost” (CLT/HER/WHC/EUR/16/9253 dated 18.11.17); - recommendations of the ICOMOS Technical Review for the Entrance Zone project (CLT/HER/WHC/EUR/17/9986 dated 20.11.17); - the Operational Guidelines for Implementation of the World Heritage Convention (UNESCO). The mission carried out by ICOMOS from March 13th – 17th 2018 was an Advisory mission, with the main goal of advising the State Party and the Kizhi Museum. However, its recommendations are intended to be consistent with the previous decisions made by the World Heritage Committee, and with recommendations made by the World Heritage Centre and ICOMOS during previous Reactive Monitoring and Advisory missions. Consequently this report should be read in conjunction with this documentation, in particular the September 2015 Advisory mission report, and the latest technical reviews from 2017. This Advisory mission had two main focus areas: First, the technical aspects of the restoration project of the Church of the Transfiguration, particularly the challenge of reinforcements of the quadrangle structure carrying the weight of the upper part of the church, and reinforcement of the structural ring of the “nebo” (sky ceiling). Questions regarding the restoration of the iconostasis, reconstruction of the missing parts of the “Nebo” and possible boarding of the outer walls of the church were also discussed. In addition to this, the mission was presented the planned restoration of the Church of the intercession. Second, assessing the Management Plan and the visitor management strategy of the property “Kizhi Pogost”, assessing the project of the development of the Entrance Zone on Kizhi Island (zone A and zone B), updated in accordance with ICOMOS’ technical review (CTL/HER/WHC/EUR/17/9986 dated 20.11.17), and the development projects that were submitted to the World Heritage Centre with the State Party’s state of conservation report 2016-2017, and consulting on the development of the buffer zone and on detailed planning of Kizhi Island and the adjacent territory. 8 5. MISSION REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1. Review of the overall state of conservation of the property Evaluation of factors of conservation issues that can potentially affect the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the property, including its conditions of authenticity and integrity: The restoration project has now entered its final stages as the 1st, 2nd and 3rd tiers have been completely dismantled and taken to the restoration complex for restoration. At this moment, the project seems to have a good control of the challenges with the restoration process and the reassembling of the building. The progress is positive, and the work being carried out is of a high quality in every way. As far as the mission could observe, the project has addressed earlier recommendations in a satisfactory way. Still, previous missions have identified some factors regarding the building, and the process of restoring it, which might affect the OUV of the property. These factors are still relevant, even though it now seems less probable that they will result in a negative impact on the property. 5.2. Review of the restoration works in the Church of the Transfiguration 5.2.1. Status of the restoration project At the time of the September 2015 Advisory mission, the restored 4th and 5th tiers were fully reassembled in the church. The 4th tier had been assembled without the domes nor the cover of the roofs of the “bochkas” – the “barrel roofs”. The 3rd tier had been removed from the church and reassembled in the workshop, ready for restoration. The 3rd tier includes the quadrangle construction, which has been the subject of discussions on reinforcement. At present, the 3rd tier has now been reassembled in the church, while the 1st and 2nd tiers have been removed from the church, and are being repaired in the workshop (photo 64). The development of the restoration project for the 1st and 2nd tiers is being carried out at the moment, and the detailed design of the restoration project for the 3rd tier is about to be completed. The mission was again positively impressed by the progress made on the restoration process and the high level of care and workmanship. Since July 2014, when deformation of the church walls was a challenge, the project team has regained full control of the building and its movements. As far as this mission could see, the restoration works are generally of a high quality and in accordance with earlier missions’ recommendations and agreed restoration principles. Challenges related to adjustments made during earlier restoration works, as well as wall deformations during the present reassembling works, have been dealt with in a skilful and carefully considered way. Restoration and conservation of the church interior has also been carried out in this period, and notable progress has been made since the 2015 mission. The 2018 mission had the opportunity to see the restored, decorated rafters of the heaven ceiling, as well as the royal doors which have now undergone a complete restoration, including reconstruction of missing fragments. The restoration work on the church interior has also been executed in an impressive way and is of a high quality. Regarding the restoration of the holy doors, identified parts that have fallen off have been glued back, and where small parts were missing, new parts have been made to replace them in order to complete the impressively carved doors. Newly-made parts have new gilding which differs slightly from the aged gilding of the original parts. This makes it possible to identify the reconstructed parts and separate them from the original material (photo 36). 9 Structural reinforcement of the building One challenge, which has been discussed previously on several occasions, is the need for structural reinforcement of the building. The mission team noted that the discussion on this topic has developed positively in the direction of earlier ICOMOS recommendations. During the 2015 mission, the project team had decided on a very important strategy on reinforcement in line with earlier ICOMOS recommendations: • • • To restore the historic construction first; To try to use traditional and reversible methods to repair weaknesses; To only consider reinforcements if it is proven that they are absolutely necessary, and if traditional methods are proven to be inadequate. The following parts of the construction were discussed: a. Diagonal walls of the first octagon and binding posts: One of the previously identified weak points is the diagonal walls of the first octagon. At the time of the July 2014 Advisory mission, the walls had deformations, and the building continued moving towards its old deformations. Following the recommendations of the mission, binding posts were mounted on the diagonal walls. The deformations were corrected, and, at the present time, the building has virtually no deformations at all. Since the 2015 mission, new, permanent binding posts have been fitted on the diagonal walls of the church. The outside posts are very tall, which also covers the layer of logs outside the supporting ring of the heaven ceiling. The opinion of the mission is that this is a very wise strategy, since the heaven ceiling exerts a considerable pressure on the adjacent layer of logs. Nevertheless, the mission still has one objection to the construction of the binding posts: they have been made too accurately, meaning that the outer posts are shaped to fit the log walls perfectly, as are the bolt holes, without leaving any room for movement. This will lock the walls completely and prevent vertical movement, which over time might lead to problems (photo 14). It is a well-known fact that log walls shrink quite a lot, both because of the natural shrinkage of wood, and because of small deformations of the logs. This is a natural process, and is also an important mechanism to make a log building tight. Because of this, an important principle for use of binding posts is that they must never prevent vertical movement of the log walls. This means that the posts must be adapted to the walls (or the walls to the posts) in a way that always lets the logs slide vertically between the posts. Secondly, all the bolt holes, except one per post, must have an elongated shape so that the bolts can move freely if the weight is too great. Normally, the lowest hole is the one with no elongation. Sometimes a metal piece is fitted to prevent the metal parts from digging into the wood. Finally, it is crucial that the top of the binding posts are cut so that the top end never touches any surface. The latter also makes it possible to measure even small movements. The project team have carefully considered future shrinkage during the project, and, by putting pressure on the restored walls, they have managed to take most of the shrinkage away before the logs are reassembled in the building. Even though this has been done in a very thorough way, there are still many tonnes of timber left to be replaced on top of the walls. Normally, shrinkage will stop over time, but this process might take years, and since this building is very heavy and not even fully reassembled yet, it would be very surprising if there were no more settling of the walls at all. The possibility should be taken into account, as even half a millimetre of shrinkage per log will sum up to a notable measure in total, and just small changes could put weight onto the bolts and the binding posts. The binding posts are not supposed to carry any vertical weight; their task is merely to stop the logs from 10 moving sideways, and to make sure forces are led straight down through the log walls. If forces are led onto the binding posts, the walls will be unstable. Recommendation 1: The mission recommends that all the binding posts are adjusted to make vertical movement possible. Adaption of newer logs in the wall would be acceptable to some extent, but it might also be that only the binding posts are adapted. The bolt holes must also be elongated. The state of the binding posts and the bolts should be regularly checked to assure that they function as intended. b. The supporting ring of the “heaven” ceiling (“Nebo”): The “heaven” ceiling over the central part of the octagon has the shape of a low, octagonal tent, or a truncated pyramid. This construction, which functions as an important support for the church walls, also exerts a certain pressure on the walls, pushing outwards. The support ring, the function of which is to resist this pressure, has been adjusted several times during history, and today the joints that should lock the ring and hold everything together have lost their function. Thus, the supporting ring no longer counteracts against the pressure from the ceiling, and the loads push right against the wall logs. Since the church has now been brought back to its original shape, it will also be necessary to remove parts that were added to the supporting ring to compensate for deformations at an earlier stage. Several strategies have been described to previous missions to reinforce the supporting ring so that it can take the pressure from the ceiling. In consistence with previous recommendations, the project has now suggested the installation of steel tension rods to stop the walls from sliding apart. This is a flexible form of reinforcement, which will affect the function of the construction very little. The rods are placed above the ceiling and will not be visible in the church interior. The mission still questions whether the strategies suggested might be slightly more complicated than necessary, and urges the project team to consider the simplest possible solution. The solution presented to the mission consists of several rods making triangular shapes between the outer walls. It is the view of this mission that four simple rods running straight between the binding posts on the diagonal walls will do the same job. If the rods join the walls at an angle close to 90 degrees, this will also protect the binding posts from sideways forces, which are not ideal. Recommendation 2: The mission reiterates the recommendations of earlier missions, to reduce added reinforcement interventions to an absolute minimum, and to keep it as simple as possible. The mission recommends to consider the possibility of installing just four simple tension rods straight between the binding posts of the diagonal walls, angled approx. 90 degrees on the walls. This should be sufficient to support the ring of the “heaven” ceiling, and more complicated solutions will be unnecessary. c. Strengthening of the quadrangle beams in the upper part of the octagon: What is referred to as the quadrangle beams is a construction of traversed logs, spanning across the octagon. Altogether, the first quadrangle consists of four pairs of traversed logs, forming a square construction for the second octagon to rest on, i.e. the upper part of the church. In the space between the logs there used to be two vertical rows of wooden blocks to distribute weight. These blocks were removed when the supportive metal frame were installed in 1982. The quadrangle beams have been previously pointed out as one of the weak points of the construction, and potential methods for reinforcement were thoroughly discussed during the 2015 Advisory mission. Since the 2015 mission, considerable work has been undertaken to find an acceptable 11 solution to strengthen the quadrangle beams. Several solutions were considered during the 2018 mission, and the “expert group”, the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council (RF MC) of the World Heritage property “Kizhi Pogost” recommended a solution made by Dr. Jens Kickler. An example of this solution was already installed in the church for the mission to inspect (Photo 13, bottom right). The suggested system consists of binding posts clamped around the logs of the quadrangle beams, so that they act together. Unlike the binding posts on the outer walls, these binding posts might be fixed to the four layers of beams. Together with this, a simple system of tension rods is added. The tension rods support the beams and transfer the loads to the outer walls. This is a traditional system, which is simple and flexible, can easily be removed, and does not cover the original structure. In addition to this, it is possible to adjust the tension of the rods to make them tighter or looser, and in this way adapt them to current needs. A curiosity of the construction is that it reuses parts of the supporting structure from inside the church. A curiosity of the construction is that it reuses parts of the supporting structure from inside the church, which in a way represents a hint of documentation of a period in this buildings history. The mission only had one remark regarding this system, which had already been discussed by the project team: to make sure that the contact points between metal and wood are shaped so that the tension rods will not transmit excessive force to the wooden parts. Since metal is a hard material compared to wood, it might cause damage on the wood if fixed incorrectly. The most accurate information available on the construction of the Church of the Transfiguration is the empirical facts from the building. As pointed out during the 2015 mission by several Russian experts, as well as the ICOMOS mission expert, the quadrangle beam construction carried the upper part of the church for more than 260 years before the supportive steel framework was installed. There is no visible damage to the beams, and this indicates that there should be no danger in re-establishing this construction in the church without any further reinforcement. However, there are some indications that the logs weaken over time, and, due to changes in the climate, wind forces might also be bigger than before. Even though the ideal solution would be to make no changes at all, it is the opinion of this mission that the solution suggested by Dr Kickler is quite acceptable. It has also been suggested to do more tests on the quadrangle beams, due to the difficulties in calculating their strength. The mission agrees that test would be useful, but advises against doing tests on the original material because of the risk of inflicting damage to the logs. Recommendation 3: The mission recommends to trust the old construction, and to re-establish it in its original state in the building. Nevertheless, the mission accepts the installation of Dr Kickler’s solution to strengthen the quadrangle beams, provided that caution is taken to ensure that the metal parts will not cause any damage to the wood where the different materials are joined together. The optimal placement of the binding posts also needs to be considered. 5.2.2. The missing parts of the interior “heaven”- ceiling (“Nebo”): The mission reiterates earlier recommendations to augment the guiding principles for particular issues with illustrations and precise descriptions about possible solutions. In that way, they will become a tool that is more easily applicable to the restoration work. The mission’s opinion is that the imitation of the “heaven” ceiling should follow basic restoration rules: the use of the material of the imitation should not undermine the authenticity of the original iconostasis, but, on the contrary, highlight it. The difference between the original iconostasis and the imitation of the missing “heaven” ceiling should be visible and understandable by the visitor. Any reproduction should be kept at a much lower "tone" in 12 comparison with the intensity and impression that the original iconostasis would have on the visitor. An attempt to reconstruct the paintings on a weak foundation would affect the OUV of the church in a negative way. Still, the mission recognises the fact that a wood-coloured ceiling also might affect the experience of the church interior negatively. Based on the above principles, various approaches could provide a solution. Reconstruction of the wooden parts and the paintings also two different parts of these questions. While the paintings are unique for every church, reconstruction of the wooden panels might be based on analogues in other churches, if traditional building methods are consistent. The stiff panels are also part of the construction, and would contribute to the stabilization of the whole ceiling construction. A smooth surface will also make a better impression as part of the interior than the herringbone pattern that might disturb the experience of the rest of the interior. Recommendation 4: The general recommendation of the mission is to first complete the conservation and the fitting of the original iconostasis currently in place, while, in parallel, fit the original painted transom structures of the “heaven” ceiling that have been preserved. In the meantime, with the help of a good-quality large-scale model, a study group could develop alternative approaches. Only after completing the iconostasis and the original painted transom structures of the “heaven” ceiling can the specific “load” of the original material , in comparison to the "load” created by the absence of the material of the “heaven” ceiling, that is by the “lacuna” be understood. After this, the museum should organize a pan-Russian or even international conference to discuss the issue, on the basis of the already-elaborated alternative approaches. A wide-ranging dialogue among experts on the site of the project, in the presence of the authentic iconostasis, will create possibilities for approaching a satisfactory solution. The wooden parts of the missing pieces could be reconstructed for the sake of completion of the construction, if the documentation of the traditional methods of building is sufficient. If not, new panels could be made in a modern way. 5.2.3. Surface treatment of roof elements and other building parts It was previously suggested to treat the new roof cover material with preservatives and water repellent to ensure the longer life of the church’s elements. In earlier missions, the possibilities of using, for example, pine tar to conserve building parts has been discussed, but this has not been supported by ICOMOS. This mission has been informed about research that is currently being carried out by the museum, investigating the effect of different preservatives on aspen shingles. It has also been suggested to treat several wooden elements with colourless protective compounds. This includes, for example, wall boarding, floor elements, binding posts, and the grounds, for both antiseptic and fire retardant purposes. Several documents refer to chemicals treatments approved by UNESCO and ICOMOS experts. The mission does not know the source of this information and reconfirms that earlier missions to Kizhi have advised against the chemical treatment of surfaces. Throughout the whole project, an important principle for the restoration has been to use only traditional methods and materials. This is important to maintain the authenticity and integrity of the building, and earlier missions have advised against the introduction of new chemicals and materials that have not been commonly used in the Russian wooden buildings tradition. Furthermore, if used on an exterior surface, preservatives might affect the colour and the aging of the wood. Recent observations in Kizhi have confirmed this; the Chapel of Archangel Michael has several newer logs in a colour that does not blend with the old timber. The mission was informed that the reason for this was chemical treatment that was applied because of a misunderstanding. On the contrary, untreated, the new wood in the church of the Transfiguration blends in very well, only after few years (photo 15). 13 Prolonging the life of the building parts should be based on high-quality materials, skilled artisans and good maintenance. As for the question on fire protection, chemical treatment will affect the surface of the wood, and in a building like this it is not likely that it will be very effective as protection except in a few theoretical situations. The opinion of the mission is that effective protection against fire can be solved in other ways that do not affect the material of the church. Recommendation 5: The mission reiterates previous recommendations that treatment with modern chemicals for the purpose of prolonging the life of wooden parts, or to prevent growth of fungus and moss, should be avoided. Only traditional methods and materials should be used. The maintenance of the church should be based on carefully-chosen materials and high-quality carpentry, followed by regular inspections and maintenance. Fire protection should also be solved with other means than chemical treatment of wood. 5.2.4. The project proposal for the boarding of the church The project presented a plan for the partial boarding of the exterior of the summer church. The purpose is to protect the third octagon, which seems to be more exposed to damage by decomposition than other parts of the church. It is also suggested to cover fragments of the southern wall with boards, both for demonstration and to understand the concept of the historical boarding. The mission fully understands the practical reasons for boarding parts of the church. Though it has been stated by the project that a future reconstruction of the boarding is inevitable, it has not been made clear to the mission for how long this temporary situation is meant to last. Still, it is clear that reconstruction of the boarding of only certain parts of the church will create a situation that has never actually existed. This will create a false impression and it is a situation that should be avoided. Earlier missions have discussed options connected to elements of different periods, and it has been recommended to make a consistent set of guiding principles to make it easier to make well-grounded decisions. A set of general principles were presented to the 2014 Advisory mission, but the topic has not been brought up since. Recommendation 6: The mission recommends to base the reconstruction of wall boarding on thorough and specific documentation, and on general principles of reconstruction. This would imply a solution that reflected a situation that had previously existed for a period of time. The most obvious choices would either be to choose the situation created by Alexander Opolovnikov, or the situation before his restoration. A situation in which only part of the church walls are covered would not reflect an historical situation. The mission also reiterates earlier recommendations that the Guiding Principles be augmented for particular issues with illustrations and precise descriptions of possible solutions. In that way, they will become a tool that is more easily applicable to the restoration work. 5.2.5. The project proposal for a glass window in the floor of the church In connection with the restoration of the interior of the Church of the Transfiguration, the project has proposed to expose part of an older hewn floor by installing a glass window in the top floor. The glass floor is described as glass panels resting on an aluminium frame, in all of the southern annex of the church. It has been stated the plan is not yet complete, so both the extent, the construction and the appearance of the glass floor might still be adjusted. The mission recognizes the museum’s desire and obligation to expose the history of the building, in this case by showing selected parts that would normally not be visible. If executed correctly, this might be acceptable, but it is very important that some basic points are taken into account. The most important is the appearance of the glass part of the floor in the interior. Glass is not at all invisible, and it might cause reflections that will make it more obvious, 14 disturbing the experience of the church interior, and thus affecting the OUV of the church negatively. Factors that might affect the appearance of the glass floor is the size, the level, the way it is composed, the type of glass, its placement and whether it can be covered. If it is possible to cover the glass, for example with a lid, it will be easier to adapt. Recommendation 7: The mission recommends that the project examine all alternatives to ensure that a possible exposure of the older floor will not affect the experience of the church interior in a negative way. If realized, it is crucial that the introduced elements can be installed without inflicting any damage or marks on the building parts. It must also be possible to remove the introduced parts completely so that the top floor can be reassembled at a later stage if wanted. 5.2.6. The project proposal for interior lighting in the Church of the Transfiguration Some lighting in the interior of the church is planned. According to the description, only a few electrical cables are planned, but enough to provide electricity for interior lighting and emergency lights. Cables in closed non-combustible cable ducts placed discretely will lead electricity to lights and sockets. It is very important to pay attention to the fact that all electrical installations increase the danger of fire. This has to be taken into account in all planning of such installations. Placing the power supply in the basement makes it possible both to place it in a fire-safe container and to keep it hidden. All cables should as far as possible be fire-retardant. The mission also suggests that open cables without cable ducts are considered. Depending on the number of cables and the possibilities to hide them, open cables might often be easier to place in a discrete way especially if cables of brown or grey colour are used. Open cables might also be easier to inspect. When it comes to emergency and evacuation lights, the mission recommends to consider discretely placed low voltage lights that light the escape routes instead of overly obvious emergency exit lights. As for other new elements, all electrical installation must be made reversible, and with a minimal impact on the original parts of the building. 5.2.7. The plans for restoration of the Church of the Intercession The mission was presented with plans for the restoration of the Church of the Intercession. It was the impression of the mission that many of the same topics came up as were discussed during the early stages of the restoration of the Church of the Transfiguration. To avoid repeating discussions on restoration principles, the mission states that the same principles for restoration will apply to the project on the Church of the Intercession as has been applicable for the current restoration project. The basic principles for restoration can be found in the report of the April 2010 Reactive Monitoring mission to Kizhi, in the Annex: “Guidelines for selecting log repair at Kizhi Pogost.” The Church of the Intercession appears to have incurred much more severe damage than the Church of the Transfiguration (photos 17 – 21). This raises the question as to whether the logs can be repaired using different methods than those used on the summer church. It is the clear opinion of the mission that if the church is to be repaired, the same principles must be followed. The restoration of the winter church has also been discussed in the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council (the Supervisory Committee). The chief architect of the current restoration project, Mr. Vladimir S. Rakhmanov, has suggested to use the same system of jacking and to restore the church tier by tier, the same way as for the summer church. The idea was approved by the Scientific Council, with one exception. Mr. Victor A. Popov from the Vitoslavitsy Museum of Wooden Architecture in Novgorod suggested instead not to dismantle the structure in principle, but to carry out conservation work with help of existing reinforcement systems. He also suggested to reconstruct the cladding of the 19th century. 15 The mission recognizes that the question on restoration of the Church of the Intercession is very complicated. The timber is in a very bad condition, and the more thoroughly this building is dismantled the more material will probably need to be changed. However, there is also quite a lot of good material left in the building, and a lot of interesting witness marks, for example axe marks describing methods of processing. It is the opinion of the mission that the method of restoration used for the summer church has proven its successfulness. Still, the suggestion of Mr. Popov is an interesting proposal if it would allow the restoration of the church with less impact. The question is how the details of this method will work, and to what extent old material will be changed if the method from the summer church is applied. Recommendation 8: The mission recommends that the total amount of timber which would need to be replaced should be determined for both methods. The alternative method needs to be described in more detail in order to find out to what extent it will be possible to repair or conserve damaged timber. During the planning, the project team should assume that the same methods for log repair must be applied as for the current project. Details of alternative proposals should be submitted to the World Heritage Centre for review by the Advisory Bodies before a decision is taken. 5.2.8. The project proposal for site improvement Several suggestions have been provided regarding site improvement. It is a fact that the large amount of tourists contributes to a considerable wear of the area, and it is necessary to do something. Amongst others, it is suggested to pave the most exposed parts with pebbles and some parts with gravel. It is also suggested to adjust the terrain to facilitate water runoff. The mission was shown an example of paving with pebbles. The mission recognizes the need to protect the most exposed areas from wear. The method of using pebbles is quite discrete, and will be fully acceptable. The plan for improvement seems respectful and well-considered. It is still not easy to see exactly how it will look from the drawing, since that will depend on the way it is carried out. Recommendation 9: The mission recommends that as little change as possible is inflicted on the terrain, and preferably it should be adjusted only if needed to facilitate the flow of water away from the buildings. Edges between different surfaces should be smooth rather than sharp to keep the rural feeling of the surroundings. Sharply-defined structures might give an overwhelming impression of urban elements. 5.3. Assessment of the revised Management Plan, updated in accordance with the ICOMOS Technical Review 5.3.1. Implementation of the Management Plan Among the main driving forces in the successful implementation of a management plan is the human factor. In this respect, building awareness amongst locals and museum employees that the World Heritage property and the museum as an institution are essential factors in securing a better life and can provide benefits both personally and for the community can play a decisive role in the future development of the region. • The scientific and other museum personnel who live and work on Kizhi Island all-yearlong encounter - especially in the winter season - extremely difficult climatic conditions. Ensuring simple but modern living and personal conditions during their free time is the minimum that the State Party should provide in order to ensure the unimpeded 16 • efficiency of the experienced and high-qualified museum staff. This can be realized by implementing the Zone B development plan, which includes the construction of residential blocks – dormitory modules - for the museum employees; The second human factor which will play a decisive role is the people who will revitalize the near-remote villages that are situated around the shores of the lake. The provision of basic infrastructure (electrical and basic infrastructure networks, environmentallyfriendly alternative forms of energy, etc.) is indispensable for attracting older villagers and (especially) young people who can see a future for themselves there through the development of tourism and the traditional economy. Ensuring a comfortable, direct and cheap access to the island is also a crucial factor, as well as, in case of serious illness, ensuring immediate transmission (e.g. even using a helicopter) to the nearest hospital. Recommendation 10: The main objective of a future development cannot just be a tourist mono-culture. The income of the inhabitants who decide to resettle these isolated villages could and should come from a combination of economic sources. The provision of tourist services (such as accommodation and traditional food) should be combined with the development of the rest of the traditional economy - cultivation of land, development of traditional handicrafts, etc. These will create the conditions for the long-term settlement of the inhabitants of the surrounding villages over the whole year. It is recommended that the State Party develop a Sustainable Development Plan for the property clarifying: - the areas in the near islands where the State Party intends to support future development; - the nature of development that the State Party intends to support and strengthen; - the conditions which the State Party deems necessary to support sustainable development (e.g. ensuring infrastructure preconditions, (eventual) financial support, technical advice support (for rehabilitation of the traditional houses and equipment of facilities for tourist accommodation) etc.), in order to achieve the objectives of this development. - The necessary protective and supportive mechanisms that would be put in place to foster such sustainable development. A draft of such a Plan should be submitted to the World Heritage Centre for review by the Advisory Bodies. 5.3.2. The creation of zones A (photos 1 – 2 - 3) and B (photo 4) The second entrance, zone B, is planned to receive and distribute the greatest anthropogenic load in terms of visitor pressure on the landscape and museum sites of Kizhi Island. This would reduce the negative impact on the OUV of the World Heritage property, as well as create the modern conditions necessary for museum employees and specialised services to permanently reside on the island. From this point of view, the functions of the visitor centre and the office building have been accordingly separated from zone A - which is near to and partially visible from the property - and are situated instead on zone B. The main administrative functions will be located in the new office building, leaving only a small number of them located in zone A, to be installed in existing and rehabilitated buildings. The visitor centre in zone B will inform tourists about the various possibilities of visiting Kizhi Island. 17 Recommendation 11: The mission underlines that the development plans for zones A and B will reach the maximum permissible level of development of administrative and other service buildings on the island. Therefore, it is not possible for the island to build any further new constructions in the future. Protection zones The following protection zones are established in the museum’s buffer zone territory: • • • Water protection zone, with a width of 50 m, to prevent waters from pollution and preserve the living environment of marine biological resources. The “Kizhiski” state natural reserve of federal significance, for the protection of rare animals and plants species habitats. The World Heritage property’s buffer zones (buffer zone map), which include: - Protection zone - Zone of development and economic activity regulation - Zone of the protected natural landscape. The wider area outside the Kizhi Reserve limits has a mixture of land uses and ownership. There are living settlements, non-cultivated land, and agricultural purpose land - which are under private ownership or owned by the municipal property forest fund (state lands). The forest land can be transferred for cultivation use in the circumstance that it is not included within the borders of Kizhi Reserve. The mission was informed that recently a great part of the forest fund located just across the village of Vasilievo underwent drastic tree-felling, which created a large visual gap in the wider environment of the island (photo 6). This is why the shaded parts of forest land bordering to the east of Kizhi Reserve area and buffer zone are intended to be included in the Kizhi Reserve area (see “Kizhi Pogost” buffer zone area plan 1:1000 000). The mission was informed that the city of Velika Guba, which is 20 km to the north of Kizhi Island, wishes to develop its wider area within the buffer zone, and has already elaborated a Land Use Master Plan in its territory with restrictions for protective regime. 5.3.3. Monitoring There is a permanent surveillance monitoring system in place on the island and especially inside the World Heritage property “Kizhi Pogost” complex (photo 7). The mission was unable to check an appropriate number of “visual corridors” from all the reference points to the property (see: WHS “Kizhi Pogost” buffer zone map) because the weather conditions were unsuitable. However, as far as possible, it checked some points, such as from the village Oyatevshchina (photo 5). Regarding the extensive buffer zone area, visual and photo-documentation inspection of the directions of visual corridors to the property has proved effective so far, since over €1 million in fines have already been collected as a result of established infringements. The control is carried out on a monthly basis by Kizhi Pogost Μuseum – Reserve, which informs accordingly the local authorities, the Ministry of Culture, the authorities of agricultural activities, and the prosecutor (in case of violation of the law). 5.3.4. Fire protection measures A firefighting ship and a police station are permanently located next to the property (photo 8). Fire protection measures are evident everywhere, particularly in the monumental houses, in the traditional houses where household and museum items are stored, and in the house of peasant Belyaev, where parts of the old iconostasis of the Transfiguration Church is under conservation (photo 9). 18 5.4. Assessment of the visitor management strategy of “Kizhi Pogost” (photos 1, 11 and 12) 5.4.1. On the use of the Church of the Transfiguration in winter time The Church of the Transfiguration (photos 13) cannot be used in the winter, because heating is not acceptable in the State Party’s Fire Protection legal regulations and the installation of such a system increases the dangers to the monument. Therefore, the only church that will remain open during the winter will be the Church of the Intercession (photos 16), historically used during winter. Winter visitors will receive an insight into the interior of the Church of the Transfiguration in the Museum repository in zone B, which will be heated as the exhibits should be under constantly controlled conditions. Recommendation 12: The carrying capacity of the Church of the Transfiguration during touristic peak seasons should be determined in close collaboration with the conservationists after the completion of the conservation of the iconostasis and of the adjacent icons, and their final fitting in the concrete conditions of the interior of the Church. 5.4.2. Museum Depository It is important that zone B develops an important alternative for winter tourists, that is to visit the Museum Depository (restoration and storage complex), where they will be able to see many movable objects of a museum character, properly exposed and under controlled conditions, such as icons of the iconostasis of the Church of the Transfiguration, fragments of the original painted iconostasis, etc., but also objects from the traditional houses of the island. At the same time, they will be able to attend restoration workshops for museum objects and learn about the processes that are being used to conserve the movable cultural heritage of the island. 5.4.3. Visiting traditional houses and chapels – “the Kizhi Necklace” On Kizhi Island, among the most important chapels is Veronica’s Veil Chapel, which is on the highest point of the island and is a local landmark (photo 26). Equally important is the Chapel of the Three Sanctifiers in the village of Kavgora (photo 27), the Church of Resurrection of Lazarus (14th c. photo 28), and the Chapel of Archangel Michael (early 18th c., photo 29). As far as the small and very charming chapels scattered on the lakeshore are concerned, they are located in very picturesque places, providing marvellous views to the villages and the lake and certainly can be objects of visit and interest for tourists (for example, the Chapel of Saints Peter and Paul in the village of Nasonovschina (photos 31 and 32) and the Chapel of Saints Paraskeva Piatnitsa and Varlaam of Khutyn in the village Podyelniki (second half 19th c., photo 30)). The museum monitors these weekly and continuous care is taken to improve their condition and restore missing parts of their interior decoration. Findings: The mission was able to visit various traditional houses and to evaluate the major maintenance problems they face. Regarding the small villages spread on the surrounding small islands, the main problems are the lack of stationary electricity and communication. The remoteness of the separate sites from the main excursion routes is a negative factor. The locals are trying to solve the remaining problems independently or together with the help of Kizhi State MuseumReserve. On the other hand, these houses provide great potential for future rehabilitation and equipment of facilities for tourist accommodation. 1. The house of peasant Oshevnev (1876) - near the Kizhi Pogost architectural ensemble - was the first wooden structure to be transferred to Kizhi Island from Oshevnevo village on Bolshoi Klimenetski Island. It represents the traditional way of life of the Russians in Zaonezhie area at the end of the 19th c. and is distinguished for its remarkable decoration (photo 33); 19 2. The traditional house of the peasant Sergin from the village of Munozero (dating from the 1870s) is the most distinguished among the houses of Vasilievo village and currently is used for the preservation and storage of an extremely rich collection of wooden household items gathered from various places. Unfortunately, the conditions are not suitable for visiting by the tourists (photo 34); 3. The traditional house of Pertyakov, the largest in Yamka village, is a typical northern Russian house-complex, and was transferred to Kizhi Island by the village of UstYandoma and restored in 1970. It hosts more than 20 members of the museum (8 in each room). It keeps some authentic local boats inside. The house of Berezkin from the village of Krasnaya Selga is situated next to the house of Pertakov. It has already been rehabilitated into a touristic attractive place, and includes a heated izba, serving traditional food. I t hosts 2 members of the museum staff (photo 35). 4. The house of peasant Belyaev in the Pudozh sector hosts the Royal Doors of the iconostasis, as well as the maintained wooden elements of the “heaven” ceiling of the Church of the Transfiguration (photo 36) 5. The traditional house of Mr Valery Kiryanov in Shlyamino village, on Wolf Island, provides evidence of the possibilities for rehabilitation, as well as of the maintenance costs, and the difficulties faced by locals who continue living in the villages of the surrounding islands throughout the year. The hospitality was extremely friendly (photo 37); 6. The traditional house in Eglovo village, despite its poor condition, keeps the air of authenticity and continuous living condition (photo 38). Recommendation 13: An essential factor that will increase visitors' alternatives during the winter months will be the traditional houses in the village of Vasilievo (photo 39), the village of Yamka (photo 40), and Pudozh sector (photo 41), which, after being released from the temporary storage of material objects, will be rehabilitated and could be organized to host thematic exhibitions. Similarly, the “Architectural and ethnographic sector Northern Vepsians” project has been proposed (see 5.6.1.). Such thematic exhibitions could relate to traditional housework, arts and crafts, workshops, or the cycle of fests during the year. The houses or parts of the houses that will be visited should be heated. Solving the basic underlying problems in the villages of the “Kizhi Necklace” will create, firstly, better living conditions for the locals. Furthermore, the conversion of houses into tourist accommodation will increase the possibilities for longer stays on the territory for a greater number of tourists and will improve the tourist flow, which will, in turn, increase the income of residents. Recommendation 14: In order for the original character of the place to be preserved at a high level, all rehabilitation and conversion work on the traditional houses in the villages of the “Kizhi Necklace” should be carried out under the direct supervision of the adequate republic services. 5.4.4. Facilities for visitors – transport connections The new access road under construction will connect Velika Guba with Oyatevshchina village (photo 42) on the shore of the lake, just opposite to Vasilievo village, where an existing pier will be renovated. The mission found on the coast - in mid-winter - an accumulation of private cars and materials for transportation to the island for the needs of the museum (photo 43). The mission was informed that the museum owns a piece of land of 50 x 100 metres in area right on the lakeshore. Direct transport to the island is planned to be provided by ferry boat in summer and via hovercraft in winter. Recommendation 15: The need for proper parking, camping and storage of materials will increase sharply in the near future and it is absolutely necessary that the State Party present plans for these functions in 20 Oyatevshchina village, while keeping these elements visibly sheltered from the lake and from the World Heritage property. 5.4.5. Signalling on the island Signalling on the island is satisfactory both in public outdoor spaces, as well as on monumental buildings. This was also true in the lakeside villages visited by the mission (photo 44). Public space infrastructure equipment is also good (photo 45). 5.5. Assessment of the project of development of the Entrance zone on Kizhi Island (Zone A and zone B), updated in accordance with the ICOMOS Technical review (CLT/HER/WHC/EUR/17/9986 dated 20.11.17) 5.5.1. Zone A The mission repeatedly visited zone A. The work of the second sub-group (dedicated to the assessment of the management plans and development of the World Heritage property Kizhi Pogost) was carried out in the renovated old office building in zone A (No 8 on master plan 1: 500). Findings: • The mission considers that the situation in zone A has improved to a large extent compared to that observed during the 2014 Advisory mission. The large temporary buildings that were built on the waterfront have been removed (photos 46 and 47). • For the passage of vehicles and pedestrians, there will be maximum use of the existing network of roads and paths, which will be covered by natural grey granite siftings, while in some cases wooden decks can serve for visitors. • Large trees are almost twice as high as the buildings and form natural vegetation curtains that hide the greatest part of the zone A entrance area construction. Thus the new development will not violate the space composition of the museum sites (photo 48). In particular: 1. The renovated existing administrative buildings (No8 and No9 – photo 49) are functional and fit into the natural environment in terms of volume and shape/texture of new materials used in the openings. However, the final strong red colour of the wooden log coating renders an artificial texture. This colour does not correspond to the natural colour of the former wood mentioned in the drawings delivered (pages 5, 6, 7 - "naturallooking coloured wood"). Recommendation 16: In general strong colouration of the wood in renovations of old wooden buildings, as well as for the construction of new buildings, should be avoided. The final appearance of the buildings should show as much as possible the natural colour of old building's wood. Therefore, on new buildings it should either be left unpainted or painted in a discrete colour. It is important, of course, to use materials of a high quality, in new buildings as well. 2. Building No 1 (Café with roofed terrace), despite its large volume, fits within the natural environment due to its low height, its design and its traditional wooden frame. Its openings offer excellent views towards the surrounding nature, while the tall trees surrounding it block the view from the property (photo 50). The interior of the building exhibits its rugged wooden structure and has been redesigned, offering space for small gatherings or presentations (photo 51). The nearby pier for small boats is under reconstruction (photo 52). 21 Findings: There are weaknesses and inconsistencies in the use of modern materials. The new reinforced grey aluminium frames on the exterior openings is consistent with the original colour of the wooden construction. However, the visible double-glazed windows are combined with plastic covered openings in order to avoid transparency in the upper and lower zones. In the building interior, the use of reinforced aluminium frames with wood shade on the windows is more sympathetic. Recommendation 17: The two materials (glass and plastic) used on the exterior windows do not complement each other cooperate at all and therefore the plastic parts - where light permeability is desired but not transparency - should be replaced with light tinted glass of the same quality. 3. Buildings No2 (Transport police office), No3 (Souvenir kiosks), No4 (Souvenir shop) and No5 (WC) have been successfully integrated into the natural environment. The use of reinforced aluminium window frames with wood shade is more successful in these cases (photo 53). 4. The plans of the new buildings in No 6 (Post Office, first aid, grocery kiosk) are designed to fit in with the character of the existing buildings, but at the same time differentiate from them in volume. The buildings are framed structures sided with profiled wooden planks 19.5 cm. wide. These constructions will meet the needs of the visitors, local residents and museum staff, but also of the residents of the villages surrounding the Kizhi Island, as the nearest medical station is 25 km away (in Velika Guba). 5. The visitor centre is the largest in size of the new buildings, but it is located in an area that will be hidden from view from the property, and its height does not exceed 7.5 m. It is a place for gathering and organization of groups for excursions, and also includes an exhibition hall, conference hall and café. The morphology of the building is consistent with the others, but it has a different architectural composition and more complex construction details. Recommendation 18: a) Reduce the area of glass openings/windows. There is no need for the window openings to be so large and reach the roof. b) On the facades, the balcony parapets are designed as frameless fence of hardened glass (drawings - page 11). This is unacceptable, firstly for security reasons and secondly for morphological reasons. The parapets should be made of wood, in a simple, traditional form. Particularly on the rear side, the construction of an emergency exit is foreseen (drawings – page 12 – upper design). In this case, the balcony parapets, as well as the exit staircase, will be made of iron for safety reasons, following the State Party safety regulations (drawings - page 13 - upper design). 5.5.2. Zone B Zone B has been organized following the recommendations of ICOMOS’ Technical Review (dated 20.11.2017), as well as Federal and Republic Decisions on the development of the Kizhi State Open Air Museum, as a zone of controlled economic development. The mission monitored the detailed presentation of the general plan and of the individual buildings to be constructed within its boundaries. The mission also made several field visits to this area because the weather conditions did not allow a clear view of it to be obtained from a single visit. 22 Findings: 1. Positive measures taken in accordance with the comments made by the ICOMOS Technical review are as follows: - The reduction in the number of project structures; - The project structures have been moved far from the existing historic village of Vasilievo, which is planned to open for exhibition and is included within excursion routes; - The newer, makeshift temporary structures deforming the appearance of Kizhi island from water and walkways are to be removed (photo 54); - The buildings will be not be seen from the World Heritage property nor from the historic village. 2. The mission agrees with the part of the Master Plan concerning zone B, and with the general siting of the individual building blocks. The buildings that will accommodate the museum's staff are placed in small groups of two or four, in order to organize individual small neighbourhoods, contributing to the social cohesion of the inhabitants. The height of the buildings is low - it does not exceed 4 m. The housing settlement is a selfcontained unit, distinct from the other functions of zone B, which appeal to visitors and the museum's repository. The residential complex will be largely hidden behind the existing natural vegetation or from trees and bushes that will grow in the future. 3. In particular, the largest blocks of buildings, which include groups of 4 buildings, are placed in the upper sub-area of the residential area. These sections are hidden from the walkways and from the lake side by the natural hill in front of them. In the lower sub-area of the residential area, which is closest to the water, building blocks are organized with smaller groups of 2 buildings only, hidden behind the natural vegetation or behind vegetation that will grow in the future. 4. The members of the mission emphasize the absolute necessity to proceed as soon as possible with the construction of the residential area in order to be able to relocate the museum employees that remain permanently on the island (70 in the winter, up to 270 in the summer), who have lived for many years under very difficult conditions in the rough wooden constructions along the shore of the lake or in prefabricated metal containers. This is a matter of immediate satisfaction of a purely humanitarian need (photos 55 and 56). 5. The erection of the residential blocks will allow the removal of all the above-mentioned rough constructions, clearing a wide area of the island and giving it the possibility to return to its original natural condition. Therefore, the implementation of the project in zone B will contribute substantially to the upgrading of the natural environment, developing, in parallel, the excursion routes and programmes in this part of the island. 6. The new buildings are single-storey and made mostly of wood. In some cases, skeletons will be used, the outer skin of which is made of profiled boards with a width of 19.5 cm., insulated with mineral wool and painted grey. The two large buildings of Zone B that are closer to the lake shore are the new buildings of the visitor centre (with a maximum height of 5 m.) and the office building. According to the plans submitted, they fully meet the future needs for the tourist development of zone B and will be hidden behind existing trees. Large trees in the area are almost twice as high as the buildings and form natural vegetation curtains. Only during the winter time will the buildings be partially visible from the lake side. The small-sized police and security service building will be visible from the water during all periods. 23 Recommendation 19: The mission agrees with the proposed project of the Kizhi Open Air Museum entrance area on Kizhi Island – zone B, and, in particular, with the proposed buildings as regards their location, size and construction materials. It also agrees with the proposed planned planting of vegetation for the upgrading of the natural environment. All existing buildings and rough auxiliary structures between the restoration complex and the historic village of Vasilievo will be removed immediately after the completion of the residential buildings. The boat–restaurant, which is currently abandoned in front of the pier of zone B, is to be removed as soon as possible because it directly degrades the natural environment (photos 57). 5.6. Assessment of the development projects, sent to the World Heritage Centre with the State Party’s report on the state of conservation 2016-2017 5.6.1. The “Architectural and ethnographic sector Northern Vepsians” (Annex 8_2 villages tourist flow 2018 – Protected sector “Northern Vepsians”) The Kizhi Open Air Museum aims towards the detailed study, conservation and actualization of the cultural heritage of the sub-ethnic group of Northern Vepsians, since their cultural influence on the ethnic history of Karelia was very significant. In accordance with the feasibility study of the Kizhi museum development, the sector “Northern Vepsians” should be located on the site of the previous village of Bishevo (text p.11). The layout of the sector will be based on an artificially-created model of a Vepsian small-sized village that is most closely related to the traditional architectural and planning solution of northern Vepsian settlements (photo 58). Currently, the existing on-site architectural collection of the museum includes two barns and a sauna transported from Vepsian villages. The sector will finally present three farmer houses, two saunas, four barns, a stable with a hayloft, a threshing barn, a tannery, fences, field racks, turnip pits, and moorings for boats. In addition, the sector will include a separately located exposition complex, “Outskirt fields”. According to the on-site assessment, there is no negative impact on the space and planning structure of Kizhi Pogost, as the village is located at a distance of approximately 3.5 km in a low part of the island, while the buildings to be reconstructed are no more than 6 m high. The nearby Chapel of the Three Sanctifiers, sited on the top of a small hill, is the only dominant of the site, providing very interesting views to Pudozh sector with three large log houses, while the most distant view is up to Veronica’s Veil Chapel which is on the highest point of the island (photo 59). The OUV analysis and Heritage Impact Assessment for the project “Architectural and ethnographic sector Northern Vepsians” prove satisfactorily that the latter does not affect the structures of the property’s monuments and has a positive impact in contributing to the preservation of the traditional culture in all its diversity and to the greater understanding of the cultural relations between different peoples of Karelia. The objectives of the exposition sector are clear. The mission agrees that the project will help to rehabilitate the system of traditional settlements that historically existed on Kizhi Island and, thus, will help to preserve the visual corridors and viewpoints between the historic settlements and Kizhi Pogost. The exposition plan explains the origin of each of the traditional architectural monuments, its characteristics, and the type of museum programme that will be developed. It should be particularly emphasized that creation of the Vepsian sector will help to improve conditions for exhibiting and storing museum collections. However, the graphic data accompanying the draft proposal does not provide an exact and detailed picture of the future composition of the small village and its components. The 3D representations accompanying the draft proposal provide the proposed general condition of the site without giving a clear picture; even though they intend to represent the proposed 24 structure of the village within a “real” natural environment, the result looks more like an artificial model. Recommendation 20: Firstly, a complete local topographic plan should be developed, showing the exact location of each of the existing and future constructions. Additionally, a general plan, should show how the nature and the type of the proposed sector correspond to a more authentic representation of the historic planning structure of a Vepsian traditional village. Architectural aspects, showing elevations of the complex, would describe the relationship of the structural volumes and natural environment (e.g. general view of the sector from the lake, views from the main directions of the connecting roads). Architectural drawings of the traditional houses and household structures to be reconstructed have not yet been provided. The mission recommends this information to be submitted to the World Heritage Centre for review by the Advisory Bodies. 5.6.2. Reconstruction of the warehouse building on Kizhi Island The warehouse building under reconstruction is located in the economic zone of the museum, in close vicinity to the restoration complex, car park and fuel storage, and therefore altogether consists of a single set of buildings with more or less uniform morphology and way of construction (photo 60). Currently, an old wooden warehouse is used by the museum on-site, which is totally inadequate and has a high degree of risk. The reconstruction of the one-storey building, which will be carried out at a distance of not less than 2.3 km from the property, does not violate the visual connections between the structures and is screened with a natural plant curtain. The impact on the landscape is reduced to a minimum, consisting of cutting down a small number of trees and shrubs. After completion of the works, re-cultivation works will facilitate the restoration of the natural environment of flora and fauna, while the soil layer will return and be distributed over the re-cultivated area. The building will not be visible from the lake. The works shall be carried out outside the nesting period of birds. Recommendation 21: The mission is of the opinion that the reconstruction of the warehouse building meets the urgent needs for safeguarding contemporary conditions for the storage of construction and restoration materials, and equipment for the various maintenance and restoration work carried out under difficult climatic conditions on the island. The reconstruction of the warehouse building will contribute to a significant increase in the physical security of the federal property and ecological safety of the environment. Furthermore, it will facilitate the removal of materials currently kept in monuments, as well as the rehabilitation of the natural environment on the sites occupied by temporary storage constructions. 5.6.3. Construction of the specialized exposition, restoration and storage complex on Kizhi Island The building of the specialized exposition, restoration and storage complex should provide conditions for year-around restoration, storage and scientific documentation of museum items and collections meant for public presentation on Kizhi Island. This will satisfy ICOMOS’ note for developing further attractions available for winter visitors in proper conditions. The proposed two-storey building is situated within zone B of the Master Plan at a reasonable distance from the cargo-and-passenger pier, and will be the second building that tourists can visit in this area, after the visitor centre. The building is embedded in the terrain. The height from the top of the roof to the ground is less than 5m., including the protruding parts of the roof, structures and technological junctions. 25 The violation of the natural sound background will take place only during the process of construction, but the construction works will result in destruction of habitats of some animal species. The change of the terrain will not be serious, while the soil will be removed to other parts of Kizhi Island. Recommendation 22: The opinion of the mission is that there is no negative impact on the historical and cultural landscape of World Heritage property. The storage complex is not visually connected with Kizhi Pogost. It is located on the shoreline area of Moshguba, outside the boundaries of historic settlements of the 19th – 20th centuries, and has no visual connection with them. The impact on the natural environment is minimal. It is, furthermore, advised that the museum develop ways for the visitors to have the possibility of observing the conservation process of the museum artefacts in the workshop areas, as well as ensuring the possibility of developing corresponding teaching courses for organized groups of pupils and students etc. This will additionally increase the number of attractions for the visitors in this area of the Kizhi Pogost World Heritage property all year long. 5.6.4 Water supplies and sewage disposal systems The mission was not informed of measures to address the problem of waste disposal on Kizhi Island, nor how museum is planning to deal with a potential contamination of the natural environment. Recommendation 23: As there was no discussion on the matters of waste disposal nor contamination, the mission recommends that the State Party provide more details on how these issues will be addressed and particularly on sewage treatment and on the supply and storage of water. 5.7. Other information on the mission The members of the mission were given the possibility to follow a guided tour in the depositories of stock collections and the laboratories of the State Historical - Architectural and Ethnographic Museum-Reserve Kizhi in Petrozavodsk, as well as to visit the temporary icons exhibition (photo 61). The members of the mission, together with the Kizhi museum team of experts, attended the introductory presentations on the subject on 14 March, and summed up the results of the advisory mission in the Restoration building on 16 March (photo 62), and visited the Restoration complex (photo 64). The mission expert responsible for the assessment of the issues of the World Heritage property’s management and development had the possibility to make two presentations to the members of the second group (photo 63): - “Sinai Monastery, issues of management in a World Heritage Site”; and - “Protection and sustainable development of traditional settlements in the context of tourism development and promotion of employment: values of yesterday, today and tomorrow” – a project by the Greek National Tourism Organization. 26 6. LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations regarding the restoration works in the Church of the Transfiguration: 1) Recommendation 1, concerning the structural reinforcement of the building: The mission recommends that all the binding posts are adjusted to make vertical movement possible. Adaption of newer logs in the wall would be acceptable to some extent, but it might also be that only the binding posts are adapted. The bolt holes must also be elongated. The state of the binding posts and the bolts should be regularly checked to assure that they function as intended. 2) Recommendation 2, concerning the supporting ring of the “heaven” ceiling (“Nebo”): The mission reiterates the recommendations of earlier missions, to reduce added reinforcement interventions to an absolute minimum, and to keep it as simple as possible. The mission recommends to consider the possibility of installing just four simple tension rods straight between the binding posts of the diagonal walls, angled approx. 90 degrees on the walls. This should be sufficient to support the ring of the “heaven” ceiling, and more complicated solutions will be unnecessary. 3) Recommendation 3, concerning the strengthening of the quadrangle beams in the upper part of the octagon: The mission recommends to trust the old construction, and to re-establish it in its original state in the building. Nevertheless, the mission accepts the installation of Dr Kickler’s solution to strengthen the quadrangle beams, provided that caution is taken to ensure that the metal parts will not cause any damage to the wood where the different materials are joined together. The optimal placement of the binding posts also needs to be considered. 4) Recommendation 4, concerning the missing parts of the interior “heaven”- ceiling (“Nebo”): The general recommendation of the mission is to first complete the conservation and the fitting of the original iconostasis currently in place, while, in parallel, fit the original painted transom structures of the “heaven” ceiling that have been preserved. In the meantime, with the help of a good-quality large-scale model, a study group could develop alternative approaches. Only after completing the iconostasis and the original painted transom structures of the “heaven” ceiling can the specific “load” of the original material , in comparison to the "load” created by the absence of the material of the “heaven” ceiling, that is by the “lacuna” be understood. After this, the museum should organize a panRussian or even international conference to discuss the issue, on the basis of the alreadyelaborated alternative approaches. A wide-ranging dialogue among experts on the site of the project, in the presence of the authentic iconostasis, will create possibilities for approaching a satisfactory solution. The wooden parts of the missing pieces could be reconstructed for the sake of completion of the construction, if the documentation of the traditional methods of building is sufficient. If not, new panels could be made in a modern way. 5) Recommendation 5, concerning surface treatment of roof elements and other building parts: The mission reiterates previous recommendations that treatment with modern chemicals for the purpose of prolonging the life of wooden parts, or to prevent growth of fungus and moss, should be avoided. Only traditional methods and materials should be used. The maintenance of the church should be based on carefully-chosen materials and high-quality carpentry, followed by regular inspections and maintenance. Fire protection should also be solved with other means than chemical treatment of wood. 27 6) Recommendation 6, concerning the project proposal for the boarding of the church: The mission recommends to base the reconstruction of wall boarding on thorough and specific documentation, and on general principles of reconstruction. This would imply a solution that reflected a situation that had previously existed for a period of time. The most obvious choices would either be to choose the situation created by Alexander Opolovnikov, or the situation before his restoration. A situation in which only part of the church walls are covered would not reflect an historical situation. 7) Recommendation 7, concerning the project proposal for a glass window in the floor of the church: The mission recommends that the project examine all alternatives to ensure that a possible exposure of the older floor will not affect the experience of the church interior in a negative way. If realized, it is crucial that the introduced elements can be installed without inflicting any damage or marks on the building parts. It must also be possible to remove the introduced parts completely so that the top floor can be reassembled at a later stage if wanted. Recommendation regarding the restoration plans for the Church of the Intercession: 8) Recommendation 8, concerning the plans for restoration of the Church of the Intercession: The mission recommends that the total amount of timber which would need to be replaced should be determined for both methods. The alternative method needs to be described in more detail in order to find out to what extent it will be possible to repair or conserve damaged timber. During the planning, the project team should assume that the same methods for log repair must be applied as for the current project. Details of alternative proposals should be submitted to the World Heritage Centre for review by the Advisory Bodies before a decision is taken. Recommendation regarding site improvement: 9) Recommendation 9, concerning the project proposal for site improvement: The mission recommends that as little change as possible is inflicted on the terrain, and preferably it should be adjusted only if needed to facilitate the flow of water away from the buildings. Edges between different surfaces should be smooth rather than sharp to keep the rural feeling of the surroundings. Sharply-defined structures might give an overwhelming impression of urban elements. Recommendations regarding the revised Management Plan, updated in accordance with the ICOMOS Technical Review: 10) Recommendation 10, concerning the implementation of the Management Plan: The main objective of a future development cannot just be a tourist mono-culture. The income of the inhabitants who decide to resettle these isolated villages could and should come from a combination of economic sources. The provision of tourist services (such as accommodation and traditional food) should be combined with the development of the rest of the traditional economy - cultivation of land, development of traditional handicrafts, etc. These will create the conditions for the long-term settlement of the inhabitants of the surrounding villages over the whole year. It is recommended that the State Party develop a Sustainable Development Plan for the property clarifying: - the areas in the near islands where the State Party intends to support future development; 28 - - the nature of development that the State Party intends to support and strengthen; the conditions which the State Party deems necessary to support sustainable development (e.g. ensuring infrastructure preconditions, (eventual) financial support, technical advice support (for rehabilitation of the traditional houses and equipment of facilities for tourist accommodation) etc.), in order to achieve the objectives of this development. The necessary protective and supportive mechanisms that would be put in place to foster such sustainable development. A draft of such a Plan should be submitted to the World Heritage Centre for review by the Advisory Bodies. 11) Recommendation 11, concerning the creation of zones A and B: The mission underlines that the development plans for zones A and B will reach the maximum permissible level of development of administrative and other service buildings on the island. Therefore, it is not possible for the island to build any further new constructions in the future. Recommendations regarding the visitor management strategy of Kizhi Pogost: 12) Recommendation 12, concerning the use of the Church of the Transfiguration in winter time: The carrying capacity of the Church of the Transfiguration during touristic peak seasons should be determined in close collaboration with the conservationists after the completion of the conservation of the iconostasis and of the adjacent icons, and their final fitting in the concrete conditions of the interior of the Church. 13) Recommendation 13, concerning visiting traditional houses and chapels – “the Kizhi Necklace”: An essential factor that will increase visitors' alternatives during the winter months will be the traditional houses in the village of Vasilievo (photo 39), the village of Yamka (photo 40), and Pudozh sector (photo 41), which, after being released from the temporary storage of material objects, will be rehabilitated and could be organized to host thematic exhibitions. Similarly, the “Architectural and ethnographic sector Northern Vepsians” project has been proposed (see 5.6.1.). Such thematic exhibitions could relate to traditional housework, arts and crafts, workshops, or the cycle of fests during the year. The houses or parts of the houses that will be visited should be heated. Solving the basic underlying problems in the villages of the “Kizhi Necklace” will create, firstly, better living conditions for the locals. Furthermore, the conversion of houses into tourist accommodation will increase the possibilities for longer stays on the territory for a greater number of tourists and will improve the tourist flow, which will, in turn, increase the income of residents. 14) Recommendation 14, concerning visiting traditional houses and chapels – “the Kizhi Necklace”: In order for the original character of the place to be preserved at a high level, all rehabilitation and conversion work on the traditional houses in the villages of the “Kizhi Necklace” should be carried out under the direct supervision of the adequate republic services. 15) Recommendation 15, concerning facilities for visitors – transport connections: The need for proper parking, camping and storage of materials will increase sharply in the near future and it is absolutely necessary that the State Party present plans for these 29 functions in Oyatevshchina village, while keeping these elements visibly sheltered from the lake and from the World Heritage property. Recommendations regarding the project of development of the Entrance zone on Kizhi Island (Zone A and zone B): 16) Recommendation 16, regarding the renovated existing administrative buildings (No8 and No9) in zone A: In general strong colouration of the wood in renovations of old wooden buildings, as well as for the construction of new buildings, should be avoided. The final appearance of the buildings should show as much as possible the natural colour of old building's wood. Therefore, on new buildings it should either be left unpainted or painted in a discrete colour. It is important, of course, to use materials of a high quality, in new buildings as well. 17) Recommendation 17, regarding Building No. 1 in zone A: The two materials (glass and plastic) used on the exterior windows do not complement each other cooperate at all and therefore the plastic parts - where light permeability is desired but not transparency - should be replaced with light tinted glass of the same quality. 18) Recommendation 18, regarding the visitor centre in zone A a) Reduce the area of glass openings/windows. There is no need for the window openings to be so large and reach the roof. b) On the facades, the balcony parapets are designed as frameless fence of hardened glass (drawings - page 11). This is unacceptable, firstly for security reasons and secondly for morphological reasons. The parapets should be made of wood, in a simple, traditional form. Particularly on the rear side, the construction of an emergency exit is foreseen (drawings – page 12 – upper design). In this case, the balcony parapets, as well as the exit staircase, will be made of iron for safety reasons, following the State Party safety regulations (drawings - page 13 - upper design). 19) Recommendation 19, regarding overall conclusions and recommendations for zone B: The mission agrees with the proposed project of the Kizhi Open Air Museum entrance area on Kizhi Island – zone B, and, in particular, with the proposed buildings as regards their location, size and construction materials. It also agrees with the proposed planned planting of vegetation for the upgrading of the natural environment. All existing buildings and rough auxiliary structures between the restoration complex and the historic village of Vasilievo will be removed immediately after the completion of the residential buildings. The boat–restaurant, which is currently abandoned in front of the pier of zone B, is to be removed as soon as possible because it directly degrades the natural environment (photos 57). Recommendations regarding development project: 20) Recommendation 20, regarding the “Architectural and ethnographic sector Northern Vepsians”: Firstly, a complete local topographic plan should be developed, showing the exact location of each of the existing and future constructions. Additionally, a general plan, should show how the nature and the type of the proposed sector correspond to a more authentic representation of the historic planning structure of a Vepsian traditional village. Architectural aspects, showing elevations of the complex, would describe the relationship of the structural volumes and natural environment (e.g. general view of the sector from the lake, views from the main directions of the connecting roads). 30 Architectural drawings of the traditional houses and household structures to be reconstructed have not yet been provided. The mission recommends this information to be submitted to the World Heritage Centre for review by the Advisory Bodies. 21) Recommendation 21, concerning the construction of the warehouse building on Kizhi Island The mission is of the opinion that the reconstruction of the warehouse building meets the urgent needs for safeguarding contemporary conditions for the storage of construction and restoration materials, and equipment for the various maintenance and restoration work carried out under difficult climatic conditions on the island. The reconstruction of the warehouse building will contribute to a significant increase in the physical security of the federal property and ecological safety of the environment. Furthermore, it will facilitate the removal of materials currently kept in monuments, as well as the rehabilitation of the natural environment on the sites occupied by temporary storage constructions 22) Recommendation 22, concerning the construction of the specialized exposition, restoration and storage complex on Kizhi Island: The opinion of the mission is that there is no negative impact on the historical and cultural landscape of World Heritage property. The storage complex is not visually connected with Kizhi Pogost. It is located on the shoreline area of Moshguba, outside the boundaries of historic settlements of the 19th – 20th centuries, and has no visual connection with them. The impact on the natural environment is minimal. It is, furthermore, advised that the museum develop ways for the visitors to have the possibility of observing the conservation process of the museum artefacts in the workshop areas, as well as ensuring the possibility of developing corresponding teaching courses for organized groups of pupils and students etc. This will additionally increase the number of attractions for the visitors in this area of the Kizhi Pogost World Heritage property all year long. 23) Recommendation 23, concerning water supplies and sewage disposal systems: As there was no discussion on the matters of waste disposal nor contamination, the mission recommends that the State Party provide more details on how these issues will be addressed and particularly on sewage treatment and on the supply and storage of water. 31 7. ANNEXES ANNEX A Composition of the Mission Team Arnt Magne Haugen ICOMOS Expert Norway Forsvarsbygg Postboks 405 Sentrum N-0103 OSLO, Norway arnt.magne.haugen@forsvarsbygg.no Tel: +47 474 71 221 Alkiviadis Prepis ICOMOS Expert Greece Democritus University of Thrace 3 Polytechneiou str.1st parodos Komotini, 69 100, Greece alkisprepis@gmail.com Tel: +30-25310-23503 / mobile: +30-6944-271828 32 ANNEX B - Participants List of participants of the ICOMOS advisory mission on Kizhi Island Mission period: March, 13 – March, 17 2018 № Name ICOMOS experts Arnt Magne Haugen Alkiviadis Prepis Title Advisor on Cultural Heritage NDEA, Norway Professor of the Architectural Engineering department, Democritus University of Thrace (Greece) Guest participants of the mission Pavel Mosolov Deputy Director of the Department of state protection of cultural heritage sites, RF MC Head of the unit of state protection of cultural heritage sites Irina Kazey Officer of the unit for state protection of cultural heritage sites, Department of state protection of cultural heritage sites, RF MC Alexey Lesonen Minister of Culture of the Republic of Karelia Yulia Alipova Head of the Department for the Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects of the Republic of Karelia Jens Kickler Professor of the Berlin technical university Ph.D. in Engineering Science Vladimir Rakhmanov Chief architect of the restoration project of the Church of the Transfiguration, Architect-restorer of the highest rank Victor Popov Architect of the VITOSLAVITSY museum of wooden architecture (V.Novgorod), f Architect-restorer of the highest rank, Member of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC Tatiana Vakhrameeva Director of CJSC LAD, architect-restorer of the highest rank, Member of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC Ph.D. in Architecture, member of the Expert Council of the Federal Service for the Supervision of the Observance of Legislation in the Field of Protection of Cultural Heritage Vladimir Titov First category architect-restorer, Member of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC Vitaly Skopin Director of LLC ARTS ZAONEZHIE Highest rank restorer of wooden architecture, Member of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC Alexey Chusov Deputy Director of LLC ARTS ZAONEZHIE Highest rank restorer of wooden architecture Alexander Savelyev Director of LLC SKF ALEKON Iosif Rasha Chief engineer of the restoration project of the Church of the Transfiguration Ph.D. in Technical Sciences Alexey Petrov Assistant professor, Sergey Itsikson Valery Gulyaev Head of the Department of Technology and Organization of Construction of the Institute of Forestry, Mountain and Building Sciences of PetrSU, Counselor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Technical Science Chief architect of LLC Karelproject Director of LLC Isograph, Ph.D. in Architecture, Member of the Union of architects of Russia Alexander Fedotov Head of the Velikaya Guba settlement List of the Kizhi Museum employees participating in the Mission Elena Bogdanova Director of the museum Dmitry Lugovoy Deputy Director of the WHS “Kizhi Pogost” and Kizhi Island territory management Alexander Ljubimtsev Deputy director on restoration Member of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC Honored worker of culture of the Republic of Karelia Igor Melnikov Deputy director for Science-Exhibition Activity Olga Titova Head of the Service for the World Heritage Site management and development, Coordinator of the UNESCO Chair “Wooden Architecture Research and preservation” Tatiana Nezvitskaya Head of the Service for security and preservation of the historical and architectural complex, Member of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC, Chairperson of the Qualification Board for Wooden Architecture of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Karelia Andrey Kovalchuk Head of the Carpenter Center Honored worker of culture of the Republic of Karelia Highest rank restorer of wooden architecture, Highest rank restorer of cultural heritage Tatiana Kontsevenko Chief of the conservation of cultural heritage restoration and monitoring activities service Natalia Sedneva Head of the law department Irina Nabokova i.A. of the chief curator of museum items Vladislav Kuspak Chief architect Member of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC ANNEX C - Terms of Reference Annex 1 to the Consulting Agreement № ____ dd. _________ Приложение 1 к Договору об оказании консультационных услуг № ____ от _________ TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE ICOMOS ADVISORY MISSION TO THE WORLD HERITAGE PROPERTY KIZHI POGOST, RUSSIAN FEDERATION (DRAFT) Техническое задание для консультативной миссии ИКОМОС на Объект Всемирного Наследия «Кижский Погост», Российская Федерация (ПРОЕКТ) г. Петрозаводск 2018 Petrozavodsk 2018 The World Heritage property of Kizhi Pogost was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1990 under cultural criteria (i), (iv) and (v). In 2018, the State Party of the Russian Federation invited an ICOMOS advisory mission to the property with the objective of: 1) assessing the results of the restoration works done and plans on continuation of the restoration works of the WHS “Kizhi pogost” 2) assessing the plans on management and development of the WHS “Kizhi pogost” Taking into consideration the recommendations of the previous ICOMOS advisory mission carried out in 2015, decision of the 40th session of the World Heritage Committee, recommendations of the ICOMOS Technical Review for the Management plan of the WHS “Kizhi pogost” (CLT/HER/WHC/EUR/16/9253 dated from 18.11.17), Entrance zone project (CLT/HER/WHC/EUR/17/9986 dated from 20.11.17), as well as the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, the 2018 advisory mission should review and assess the following key issues: 1. Assessing the results of the restoration works done and plans on continuation of « ___» …, « ___» …, Объект Всемирного Наследия «Кижский Погост» был внесен в список Всемирного Наследия в 1990 году в соответствии с культурными критериями (i), (iv) и (v). В 2018 году государство-участник Российская Федерация пригласило консультативную миссию ИКОМОС на ОВН с целью: 1) произвести оценку результата выполненных реставрационных работ и планов по продолжению реставрационных работ на ОВН Кижский погост 2) произвести оценку планов по управлению и развитию ОВН Кижский погост Принимая во внимание рекомендации предыдущей консультативной миссии ИКОМОС которая состоялась в 2015 году, решение 40-ой сессии Комитета всемирного наследия, рекомендации Технического анализа ИКОМОС Плана управления ОВН «Кижский погост» (направленного письмом от 18.11.16; CLT/HER/WHC/EUR/16/9253) и проекта Входной зоны (направленного письмом от 20.11.17; CLT/HER/WHC/EUR/17/9986), а также Руководства по выполнению Конвенции об охране Всемирного наследия, консультативной миссии 2018 следует рассмотреть и оценить следующие ключевые вопросы: 1. Оценка результата выполненных реставрационных работ и планов по the restoration works of the WHS “Kizhi pogost” 1.1. The overall state of conservation of the Site 1.2. The results of the restoration works performed on the Church of the Transfiguration, the implementation of the 2015 ICOMOS advisory mission recommendations on the restoration works in particular: restoration of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th technological tiers; restoration of the iconostasis and frames (tyabla) of the ceiling (heavens). 1.3. Assessing the project proposals on the reinforcement of the framework and of the loadbearing structures of the Transfiguration church. 1.4. Assessing the project proposals on the decoration of the Transfiguration church. 1.5. Assessing the project proposal on the boarding of the Transfiguration church. 1.6. Assessing the project proposal on construction of the glass window in the 19th century floor for demonstration of the below laying floor of the 18th century. 1.7. Assessing the Terms of reference for elaboration of the inside engineering infrastructure of the Transfiguration church. 1.8. Assessing the Terms of reference for restoration of the Intercession church. 1.9. Assessing the project proposal on the Kizhi pogost site improvement. 2. Assessing the plans on management and development of the WHS “Kizhi pogost” 2.1. Assessing the Management plan of the WHS “Kizhi pogost” updated in accordance with the ICOMOS Technical review (CLT/HER/WHC/EUR/16/9253 dated from 18.11.16). 2.2. Assessing the Visitor management strategy of the WHS “Kizhi pogost”. 2.3. Assessing the project of development of the Entrance zone on Kizhi island (Zone A and zone B), updated in accordance with the ICOMOS Technical review (CLT/HER/WHC/EUR/17/9986 dated from 20.11.17). 2.4. Assessing the development projects, sent to the World Heritage Center with the State of Conservation report 2016-2017: продолжению реставрационных работ на ОВН Кижский погост 1.1. Общее состояние сохранности Объекта 1.2. Результаты реставрационных работ, выполненных на Преображенской церкви и выполнение рекомендаций консультативной миссии ИКОМОС 2015 по реставрационным работам, в частности: реставрации 2-го, 3-го и 4-го технологических поясов, реставрация иконостаса и тябловых конструкций «неба». 1.3. Оценка проектных предложений усиления сруба и несущих конструкций Преображенской церкви 1.4. Оценка проектных предложений декоративного убранства Преображенской церкви 1.5. Оценка проектного предложения выполнения обшивки сруба Преображенской церкви 1.6. Оценка проектного предложения устройства остекленного проема в полу 19 века для демонстрации нижележащего пола 18 века Преображенской церкви 1.7. Оценка технического задания на разработку внутренних инженерных систем Преображенской церкви 1.8. Оценка технического задания на реставрацию Покровской церкви 1.9. Оценка проектного предложения по благоустройству территории Кижского погоста 2. Оценка планов по управлению и развитию ОВН Кижский погост 2.1. Оценка Плана управления ОВН «Кижский погост», доработанного с учетом рекомендаций Технического анализа ИКОМОС, направленного письмом от 18.11.16 (CLT/HER/WHC/EUR/16/9253) 2.2. Оценка стратегии по управлению посещением ОВН «Кижский погост» 2.3. Оценка проекта развития входной зоны музея-заповедника «Кижи» на о. Кижи (Зона А и Зона В), доработанного с учетом рекомендаций Технического анализа ИКОМОС направленного письмом от 20.11.17 (CLT/HER/WHC/EUR/17/9986) 2.4. Оценка проектов развития, направленных в Центр Всемирного наследия приложениями к отчету о состоянии сохранности за 2016-2017гг: «Architectural and ethnographic sector “Northern Vepsians”. «Reconstruction of the warehouse building on Kizhi Island. «Construction of the specialized exposition, restoration, and storage complex on Kizhi Island. 2.5. Consulting in development of the buffer zone of the WHS “Kizhi pogost” and in detailed planning of the Kizhi island and of the adjacent territory. Based on the results of the above-mentioned assessments and the on-site discussions with the State Party representatives, the advisory mission shall prepare a report on the findings and recommendations to the State Party. ICOMOS shall submit the report to the World Heritage Centre within 4 (four) weeks of the mission and to the Kizhi Open Air Museum within 50 days from the end of the mission. The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Director General ___________ Marie-Laure Lavenir Stamp Доукомплектация архитектурноэтнографического сектора “Северные вепсы” Реконструкция склада административнохозяйственной части на о. Кижи Строительство специализированного экспозиционно-реставрационного хранительского комплекса на о. Кижи 2.5. Консультирование в отношении направлений развития буферной зоны ОВН Кижский погост и по вопросу разработки проекта детальной планировки о.Кижи и окружающей территории. На основании результатов оценки вышеуказанных вопросов и обсуждений на месте с представителями государстваучастника, консультативная миссия должна подготовить отчет с рекомендациями и замечаниями для государства-участника. ИКОМОС должен предоставить отчет в Центр Всемирного Наследия в течение 4 (четырех) недель после окончания миссии, Музеюзаповеднику «Кижи» - в течение 50 дней с момента окончания миссии. The Kizhi State Open Air Museum of History, Architecture and Ethnography Директор _____________ м.п. Е.В.Богданова ANNEX D ICOMOS ADVISORY MISSION PROGRAM TO THE WORLD HERITAGE PROPERTY KIZHI POGOST March 2018 Petrozavodsk, Kizhi Date/ Time March 13 March 14 08.00 – 09.00 09.00 – 09.30 09.30 – 11.10 11.00 – 11.30 11.30 – 13.00 13.00 – 14.00 Event Arrival of mission participants at Petrozavodsk and Kizhi Island Arrival of Russian participants and ICOMOS experts in Petrozavodsk. Meeting Visit to the museum depository in the city of Petrozavodsk Lunch in Petrozavodsk Transfer of mission participants to Kizhi Island Meeting. Accommodation Dinner Opening ceremony. Splitting into 2 streams. 1st day of the mission. Breakfast. Transfer of participants to the place of working Opening of the mission. Presentation of participants. Objectives and goals of the mission. Program of the mission (handouts). Work in 2 streams. Reporting on the work performed by the museum on implementation of the mission 2015 and WHC 40th session recommendations including: State of conservation report of the WHS “Kizhi Pogost”; Finalization of the WHS “Kizhi Pogost” Management plan with consideration of the ICOMOS Technical review recommendations; Development projects submitted to the WHC and included in the Advisory mission 2018 Terms of Reference (brief review). Coffee break Transfer of participants to the Kizhi Pogost. Work at the site. Assessment of the general state of conservation of the Transfiguration Church. Presentation of the restoration works performed. LUNCH 1 stream: work on the issues of the Kizhi Pogost monuments restoration 14.00 – 17.00 Venue Transfer of participants to the Restoration complex. -presentation of the restoration works performed (cont.) - presentation of draft proposals for reinforcement of the walls and load-bearing structures of the Transfiguration Church. 2 stream: work on the issues of the WHS “Kizhi Pogost” and the WHS buffer zone management and development Transfer of participants to the house of Vichurin - acquaintance with the project albums and HIAs implemented. - introduction to the map of Kizhi Island. Preparation for the field work. Trip around Kizhi Island. Entrance area Entrance area House of Vichurin House of Vichurin House of Vichurin Kizhi Pogost Entrance area (1) Restoration complex (2) House of Vichurin + trip around Kizhi Island Discussion of the draft proposals and the works performed 17.00 – 18.00 18.00 – 19.00 March 15 08.00 – 09.00 09.00 – 13.30 13.00 – 14.00 14.00 – 17.00 DINNER - Field work (entrance zones А and B; depository; warehouse building; sector “Northern Vepsians”). Acquaintance with the projects on the site, viewpoints. DINNER Summing up the results of the day for each group or continuation of discussions (if necessary). Transfer of participants to the place of accommodation 2nd day of the mission Breakfast. Transfer of participants to the place of working - Presentation of the Terms of - Presentation of the basic Reference for development of provisions of the sustainable tourism internal engineering systems of development strategy including visit the Transfiguration Church management of the WHS “Kizhi Pogost” - Presentation of the draft proposal for the Church of the Detailed discussion of the Kizhi Transfiguration walls boarding entrance area project (zone A and - Presentation of draft proposals zone B) finalized with consideration for decoration of the of the ICOMOS Technical review Transfiguration Church recommendations. Justifications, - Presentation of the draft HIAs. proposal for making a glazed opening in the floor of the 19th Discussion (consultations) on the documents presented. Preparation century to demonstrate the of recommendations on the projects. underlying floor of the 18th century (the Church of the Transfiguration) Discussion of the drafts presented LUNCH Transfer of participants to the Kizhi Pogost. Additional work at the site: - on the projects: reinforcement, boarding, decoration, glazing - assessment of the Church of the Intercession state of conservation - possibilities for improvement of the Kizhi Pogost territory Transfer to the Restoration complex: - presentation of the Terms of Reference for the Church of the Intercession restoration. - presentation of the draft proposal for improvement of the Kizhi Pogost territory. Entrance area House of Vichurin Entrance area (1) Restoration complex (2) House of Vichurin LUNCH Entrance area Transfer of participants to the house of Vichurin. (1) Restoration complex + Kizhi Pogost Presentation of development projects (justifications, HIAs): Supplementation of the architectural and ethnographic sector “Northern Vepsians”. Reconstruction of the warehouse building on Kizhi Island Construction of the specialized exposition restoration and storage complex. Discussion (consultations) on the projects. - Presentation of the WHS “Kizhi Pogost” buffer zone. Introduction to the map, preparation for the trip around the buffer zone. (2) House of Vichurin 17.00 – 18.00 18.00 – 19.00 March 16 08.00 – 09.00 09.00 – 13.30 13.00 – 14.00 14.00 – 16.00 16.00 – 17.00 17.00 – 19.00 March 17 Discussion of the drafts presented DINNER DINNER Entrance zone Summing up the results of the day for each group or continuation of discussions (if necessary). Transfer of participants to the place of accommodation 3rd day of the mission. Closing ceremony Breakfast. Transfer of participants to the place of working. House of Vichurin Work in the Restoration complex - Discussion of the drafts presented (cont.). Preparation of recommendations for every draft. - Presentation of restoration works performed on the iconostasis and “heaven” ceiling transoms and items of the interior decoration of the church. LUNCH (1) Restoration complex Trip around the buffer zone. Preliminary itinerary: village of Oyatevshchina, reconstruction of the road to Oyatevshchina, Kizhi Necklace, visual corridors to Kizhi Island within the buffer zone, meeting a local community representative, 2-3 historical villages. Entrance area (2) Trip around the buffer zone LUNCH Work in the depository on Kizhi Island. - The Church of the Transfiguration iconostasis members. Transfer of participants to the house of Vichurin. -Consultation on directions for the development of the WHS “Kizhi Pogost” buffer zone and on the issue of detailed planning of Kizhi Transfer to the Restoration Island and the surrounding territory complex: elaboration. - Continuation of the discussion -Provision of additional information and preparation of to the mission expert (on request). recommendations for every -Summing up the results of the draft. Summing up the results of mission on the issues of the WHS the mission on restoration management and development. issues. Drawing up a road map for 20182019. Summing up the results of the advisory mission (1) Depository + Restoration complex Closing ceremony Transfer of participants to the place of accommodation Departure of mission participants from Kizhi and from Petrozavodsk Departure from Kizhi Island Arrival in Petrozavodsk Lunch Departure from Petrozavodsk Entrance area (2) House of Vichurin Entrance area ANNEX E - Statement by the Supervisory Committee MINUTES Of the retreat session of the working group of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council of the Ministry of Culture of Russia (RF MC) on the WHS “Kizhi Pogost” (concurrent with the ICOMOS Advisory mission to the WHS “Kizhi Pogost”) March, 13 – 17, 2018 Kizhi Island Members of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC, presented: Vladimir S. Rakhmanov (Saint-Petersburg), Chief architect of the restoration project of the Church of the Transfiguration, Architect-restorer of the highest rank, Member of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC; Victor A. Popov ( V.Novgorod), Architect- advisor of the VITOSLAVITSY museum of wooden architecture (V.Novgorod), Architect-restorer of the highest rank, Member of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC; Tatiana I. Vakhrameeva (Petrozavodsk), Director of CJSC LAD, architect-restorer of the highest rank, Member of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC , Ph.D. in Architecture; Vladimir A. Titov (Arkhangelsk), Director of LLC ARCHITECT WORKSHOP, First category architect-restorer, Member of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC; Vitaly A. Skopin (Perozavodsk), Director of LLC ARTS ZAONEZHIE, Highest rank restorer of wooden architecture, Member of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC; Alexander Y.Ljubimtsev (Petrozavodsk), Deputy director on restoration of the Kizhi museum, Member of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC, Honored worker of culture of the Republic of Karelia; Tatiana V. Nezvitskaya (Petrozavodsk), Head of the Service for security and preservation of the historical and architectural complex of the Kizhi museum, Member of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC, Chairperson of the Qualification Board for Wooden Architecture of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Karelia; Vladislav N. Kuspak (Petrozavodsk), Chief architect of the Kizhi museum, Member of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC. Representatives of the Companies, responsible for carrying out the restoration works on the Church of the Transfiguration of Kizhi Pogost, presented: Alexey A. Chusov (Petrozavodsk), Deputy Director of LLC ARTS ZAONEZHIE, Highest rank restorer of wooden architecture; Alexander A.Savelyev (Saint-Petersburg), Director of LLC SKF ALEKON; Iosif K. Rasha (Saint-Petersburg), Chief engineer of the restoration project of the Church of the Transfiguration, Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, architect - engineer of the highest rank; Andrey Kovalchuk (Petrozavodsk), Head of the Carpenter Center of the Kizhi museum, Honored worker of culture of the Republic of Karelia, Highest rank restorer of wooden architecture, Highest rank restorer of cultural heritage. Issues to be discussed: - Presentation of the restoration works of the Church of the Transfiguration performed in 2016-2017; Presentation of draft proposals for reinforcement of the walls and load-bearing structures of the Transfiguration Church; Presentation of the draft proposal for the Church of the Transfiguration walls boarding fragments; Presentation of draft proposals for exterior decoration of the Transfiguration Church (porch); Presentation of the draft proposal for making a glazed opening (window) in the floor of the 19th century to demonstrate the underlying floor of the 18th century (the Church of the Transfiguration); Presentation of the draft proposals for the Church of the Intercession preservation; Presentation of the Terms of Reference for development of internal engineering systems of the Transfiguration Church. The participants of the meeting have inspected the Site, listened to all the reports of the leading designers of the restoration project and restores presented. Rasha J., Vachrameeva T., Chusov A., Lyubimtsev A., Rachmanov V., Nezvitskaya T., Skopin V., Popov V., Titov V., Savelyev A., Kovalchuk A. have participated in the discussion. The decisions made: 1. To approve the restoration works of the Church of the Transfiguration performed in 2016-2017. 2. Having discussed the suggestions on the reinforcement of the loading frame and loadbearing constructions of the Church of the Transfiguration based on the ICOMOS guidelines for the preservation of historical wooden monuments, was decided: 2.1 To approve the installation of double-sided 12 meter long vertical binding posts, diagonally adjusted to the walls of the main octagonal frame and fixed by metal pins and bolts; Proposal by A. Chusov double-sided 12 meter long vertical binding posts 2.2 To approve the proposed and mounted on the Site reinforcement model of the middle quadrangle with the use of the bearing metal structure (based on the recommendations of Pf. DScTech. Jens Kickler (Berlin Technical University). It is suggested to test the above mentioned model, made of timber binding posts and metal fasteners, with the help of calculations and the model’s installation. To test the possibility of spatial jointing construction using a fragment of the model. The assembly of the 2 tier to be continued. Proposal by I Kikler 2.3 To approve the proposals of the necessity of the development of the monitoring system of stability and deformability for the middle quadrangle as the most loaded part of the structure (the recommended frequency of the monitoring – 4 times per year within 3 years). The decision on the monitoring prolonging is made upon the results received. 2.4 To agree with the following: - in case of the use of the abovementioned testing reinforcement model there is no need to install short rails between the members of the quadrangle crib structure in two levels (32 units) and the wall of the octagon; to restore the preserved historical elements only (2 short rails) ! Rakhmanov's project short rails short rails 2.5 To consider unreasonable the installation of the adjusted vertical beams in the inner corners of the upper octagons. The necessity of the installation of the reinforcement elements for the 2nd and 3rd octagons is to be made according to the monitoring results of the frame restored. 2.6 To recommend the installation of the wall adjusted octagonal supporting ring of the “heaven” ceiling made of one layer of beams (in accordance with the one used in the middle of the 18th century) with the possible use of the preserved historical elements. Proposal by A. Chusov 2.7 To agree with the proposal to bind the octagon with metal rods along its inner perimeter above the level of supporting ring of the “heaven” ceiling and to fix them on the binding posts installed on the diagonal walls on the main octagon. In this case it is not necessary to perform works on the first level of the wooden reinforcement system above the level of the “heaven”- ceiling to which the adjustment of the ceiling transoms was planned in accordance with the previously developed project (RD 38\13-01 DRG, AS-4). Proposal by A. Chusov first level, replace wooden reinforcement system on the metal rods 3. The members of the working group agree with the project’s authors on the necessity of boarding of the 3rd upper octagon of the Church of the Transfiguration in order to preserve the authentic elements to the outmost. Rakhmanov's project 4. Having examined the draft proposals for exterior decoration of the Transfiguration Church, the members of the working group consider the porch boarding to be made of hewn boards without any decorative curving. The necessity of installation of the top of the ridge and its decoration to be stated within the restoration process. boards without any decorative curving (photo about 1980s) Rakhmanov's project 5. The coloring of the new interior elements to be made with caution and with improvement with the project’s author, Customer and thorough choice of color and type of coloring element. 6. Having discussed the draft project of installation of a glazed opening (window) in the floor of the 19th century to demonstrate the underlying floor of the 18th century, the working group has generally approved the designer’s decision. However it is recommended to detalize the installation and the size of the glass window on the Site. Rakhmanov's project The author of the project took the decision to install the protection transparent cover because of the declension of the historical boards conserved in this place and were cut with the traditional hand instrument of that time. 7. The terms of Reference for development of internal engineering systems of the Transfiguration Church are generally approved. 8. Regarding the use of the historical transoms of the “heaven” ceiling, the decision is to be made after the meeting 16.03.18. Making the decision, it is important to take into consideration the fact that it is necessary to determine the precise geometry of the “heaven” construction to preserve the authentic transoms and the “heaven” ring to the outmost. In order to achieve the abovementioned goal it is necessary to make a testing model of the structure for the period of 3-5 years carrying out its continuous monitoring. After the shrinkage of the model (3-5 years) to measure the model and compare the figures received with the measurements of the authentic transoms and the “heaven”- ring. 9. Having examined the concept of the preservation of the Church of the Intercession, proposed by Vladimir S. Rakhmanov, the working group has approved the idea of carrying out the restoration works tier by tier using the method of posting (hanging). The working group has expressed the opinion against the complete disassembly of the Church. During the restoration works the frame of the Church should not be left without constant or temporary roofing, the shape and the time of installation of which should be determined by the project. Rakhmanov's concept The special opinion of Popov V: - not to dismantle the structure in principle, but to carry out the conservation activities with the help of the existing reinforcement system of the quadrangle, octagonal frame and roofing system of the structure; to restore the boarding of the 19th century. 10. Concerning the improvement surrounding territory of the Church of the Transfiguration: - the decision is to be made on the basis of detailed project; - to consider the paving made of local natural stone as possible (a fragment of the abovementioned paving can be observed on the territory of the Pogost). Signatures (members of the Section of Wooden Architecture of the Scientific Council, RF MC): Rachmanov V. Vachrameeva T. Titov V. Popov V. Nezvitskaya T. Lyubimtsev A. Skopin V. Kuspak V. ANNEX F – Project proposals for reinforcement of the quadrangle beams PROJECT PROPOSALS Joseph Rasha: Reinforcement of the quadrangle 2.Vladimir Rakhmanov ANNEX G – Technical proposal for strengthening the quadrangle TECHNICAL PROPOSAL for strengthening the quadrangle at the marks +10.0 - +13.5 m in the process of restoration of the Church of the Transfiguration on Kizhi Island The quadrangle is a frame of 5 logs built up with spaces between them. The length of the logs is about 9.6 m. The quadrangle bears the weight of the central part of the church, which is 520 kN, snow loads on the domes and barrel roofs and wind loads from the mark +12.0 to the end of domes at the mark of +37.0 m. Distributed loads are transferred to the quadrangle at the mark of +12.0 m via four faces of the upper octagon. Calculated values of distributed vertical loads are about 70 kN/m, of which 52 kN/m is the dead weight and the weight of snow and 18 kN/m is the wind loading. Beams of the quadrangle rest on the diagonal walls of the church and transmit load to them in the form of supporting reactions. The historical experience of the church operation has shown that providing the joint work of the beams the load capacity of the quadrangle is sufficient to take all kinds of loads and there is no need to install additional supports inside the building. The key reason for strengthening is the constructive degradation of the quadrangle caused by deflection of wall beams from the original position and by loss of structural elements (wooden struts between the logs ensuring their joint work). Violation of the joint work of the wall members led to the damage of some logs and smashing of wood in the places of junctions. Thus the purpose of reinforcement is restoration of the joint work of wall members. At the same time it is essential that the reinforcement structure does not damage the historical wood and does not include any members capable of causing such damage in the process of operation. The challenge set is fully solved by installation of binding posts on the faces of the quadrangle. The binding posts are arranged vertically or inclined. The posts are pulled together with pins set between the logs of the quadrangle without damaging the logs. They install struts with the use of wooden wedges or special elements (convectors) between the logs to ensure their joint work. Additional beams are installed above and below the extreme logs of the quadrangle. The beams are also fixed with binding posts with extreme pins of the binding posts passing through the beams. The additional beams and binding posts form an open-frame girder that will enhance the load capacity and rigidity of the historical structure. In spite of the constructive simplicity of the proposed reinforcement it is difficult to calculate it even using software for FEM structures automated calculation. This is explained by the fact that a number of significant factors affecting the rigidity of the structure (friction force between binding posts and horizontal logs, rigidity of joints of the open-frame girder, etc.) will not be reflected with sufficient accuracy in the calculation model. And, consequently, the obtained calculation results will not be sufficiently reliable. Taking into consideration the insufficient reliability of the obtained calculation results as well as the crucial role the quadrangle being reinforced plays in the structural system of the building, it is proposed to assess the efficiency of the reinforcement by exposing one of the faces of the quadrangle to test loading. This kind of test will help to define precisely the load capacity of the structure, elastic domain of the material and the size of deflections. Strain measurement will also help to evaluate tensions and deformations of the key elements of the system, to monitor the effective work of the struts, to determine tightening torque, and to solve a number of other problems. Head of Department of Technology and Organization of Construction of the Petrozavodsk State University, DScTech A.Petrov ANNEX H – Mr Jens Kickler’s suggestion for reinforcement of the quadrangle Reinforcement of the Transfiguration Church in the area of the upper structures Suggestions and Explonations Prof. Dr. Jens Kickler Kishi ICOMOS 2018 Explaation of the Problem Titel der Präsentation – Name Vortragende/-r – Datum 2 Support Construction - Current Design (VRahmanov) Titel der Präsentation – Name Vortragende/-r – Datum 3 Estimation of loads and deformations Load according to calculation of approx. 68t dead weight Corresponds to about 680kN, -> 4 pages -> about 170kN (17t) per page Spread over a load length of 3.5m -> 170 / 3.5 = 48.6kN / m (4.8t / m) Spread over 5 round logs -> 48,6 / 5 = 9,7kN / m (1t / m) Deformation: 14cm (middle) Titel der Präsentation – Name Vortragende/-r – Datum 4 Improvement of the support construction  This idealized calculation is based on a uniform loading of all superimposed beams.  This is only possible, if all woods are coupled together as intended  This was not available in the original state and it turns out, that even with a coupling, the deformation is too large.  It follows that it is necessary to obtain additional activities Titel der Präsentation – Name Vortragende/-r – Datum 5 Conception of the Support Construction Framework Support Construction Titel der Präsentation – Name Vortragende/-r – Datum 6 Framework Support Construction and Deformation Maximum deformation 38mm (1/240 of the length), this is within the permissible range Titel der Präsentation – Name Vortragende/-r – Datum 7 Installation of a turnbuckle with 55mm preload Vertical deformation can be variably adjusted Titel der Präsentation – Name Vortragende/-r – Datum 8 Three-dimensional modeling of the support construction Titel der Präsentation – Name Vortragende/-r – Datum 9 ANNEX I – Suggested solutions by Kizhi State Museum-Reserve INTRODUCTION The Kizhi Architectural Ensemble consists of the Church of the Transfiguration (1714), the Church of the Intercession (1764), the Bell Tower (1862), and the fence (1959 reconstruction of the fence). The architectural ensemble got its final modern appearance in the end of 1950-s in the process of restoration works on the project of architect A.Opolovnikov when establishing the Kizhi museum. In the context of the new (museum) organization of the space they dismantled a lodge located on the territory of the pogost in front of the Church of the Intercession and rehabilitated the log fence with the central entrance (architectural fencing of the territory). They made one central (main) and two auxiliary entrances to the pogost instead of four ones that existed earlier. The entrance in front of the Transfiguration church was removed. The change in accessing the territory of the pogost was dictated by the new function (excursion activities) of the place. The territory of the pogost without being improved can literally cause mechanical damage to both monuments. Gravels covering the existing paths are gradually brought by shoes inside the churches and small particles abrade the floor. To solve the issues of improvement and, eventually, conservation of the monuments it is necessary to solve the tasks of improvement at the conceptual level. Fig.1. Master plan of the Kizhi pogost, early XX c. 27 CONCEPT OF IMPROVEMENT Zone planning As mentioned above, the territory of the pogost has been historically used only as a burial place. In other words, it was an active cemetery with a network of paths leading to the churches. Conducting church services did not conflict with the existing environment (large number of graves) and was even part of it. Before getting down to the zone planning it is necessary to determine the functional use of the territory of the Kizhi Pogost that has developed to the present moment. Upon termination of church services and in the process of the museum and tourism development this mono-zone of the cemetery transformed into three zones: On the average, about 150 thousand tourists a year visit the Kizhi museum and almost every one of them visit the territory of the Kizhi pogost. There is a certain area allocated for tourists. It is separated with signal fencing. VIP is a different type of tourists. They visit the Kizhi pogost not only as the architectural landmark of Karelia but also as one of the symbols of Russia. 1. Immediate protection zone, the zone inside and around the monuments; 2. Zone for excursion activity; 3. Zone of the preserved historical cemetery (necropolis). It is natural that with the appearance of new zones the territory of the historical cemetery (necropolis) reduced and acquired new boundaries. In fact, these boundaries are defined by default and are not recorded, which can lead to the further reduction of the territory of the historical cemetery. This situation is unacceptable. On the other hand, it is necessary to create certain conditions for excursion activities and allocate the territory of the historical cemetery for arrangement of approaches to the churches, paths for walking around the pogost territory, and sites for working with tourists. Eventually, we have come up with the status quo situation when the improvement of the Kizhi pogost territory ceased at a certain point of development. To the late XX c the historical necropolis has dilapidated and the contemporary landscaping level corresponds to the level of that at the beginning of creation of the open air museum, i.e. late 1950s. A. Tourist attraction B. Church activities Since late 1990s they have resumed divine services in the Kizhi pogost churches. August 17 and October 14 they hold great feasts. The rest daily activities do not attract a large number of parishioners. Upon completion of the restoration and rehabilitation of the interior the Church of the Transfiguration will be a new exposition site, new attraction of the Kizhi museum. C. Preservation of graves In compliance with the modern sanitary standards the use period of the cemetery has expired (20 years after the last burial). Upon expiration the territory of the cemetery can be used for greeneries. Construction of buildings is prohibited in this area. The cemetery shall be preserved as historical part of the pogost, environment of the historical monuments. D. Engineering systems location Fire piping with the remote fire extinguishing system and the emergency lighting system are arranged along the inner perimeter of the fence. All the basic engineering facilities are beyond the territory of the Kizhi pogost and their potential development does not affect the area. Page №1 of the project “Zoning of the territory of the Kizhi Architectural Ensemble” reflects the zoning of the territory in the following configuration: A. Historical zone, the cemetery itself (necropolis); B. Modern zone for excursion activity and tourist service; C. Immediate protection zone (the zone inside and around the monuments). When reconstructing the foundation of the Transfiguration Church and given the further arrangement of paving around the site (during reconstruction of foundations of other monuments in the future) burials were disturbed and the remains were reburied. These actions correspond to the modern sanitary standards. Nevertheless, they reduced the area of burials that were quite close to the walls of the monument (the Church of the Transfiguration). When restoring the historical cemetery and Orthodox crosses one shall stick to the rule about setback from the walls for not less than 110 cm. Otherwise, paving drainage system covered with topsoil and not visible can be broken. In addition to the area around the monuments, we should consider the issue of burials inside the Church of the Transfiguration. Partly the remains were reburied during: 1. Reconstruction of the church foundation; 2. Installation of foundation pads of the load-bearing metal frame; Fig.2. Kizhi pogost, late XX c. 3. Conducting earthworks in the basement of the refectory. 28 The remains discovered in the process of earthworks clearly indicate the existence of burials inside the Church of the Transfiguration that have not been disturbed. To preserve the graves it is proposed to conserve the basement area by filling with ground and making a hard surface preventing ground deformation. It is proposed to install an Orthodox cross or a tombstone in the altar part of the basement for lasting memorial of the non-utilitarian function of this part of the territory and respectful attitude to the ancestors. Partly the modern zone is already formed in front of the Church of the Intercession and it is formed partially by tourists in the area of the historical burial. In this case there is no violation of the modern sanitary standards but there is no clear understanding of the boundary between the zone of the modern use and the zone of the historical cemetery (necropolis) either. The project proposes to clearly differentiate the zone of the modern use and the zone of the historical cemetery (necropolis) and to make a physical stationary demarcation by installing a low forged lawn fence. The zone of the modern use should provide the possibility of free movement of excursion groups and access to the monuments. In particular, there are two entrances (northern and southern ones) to the Church of the Transfiguration. The rest territory of the pogost except for the above mentioned zones (the immediate protection zone and the zone of the modern use) is the zone of the historical cemetery (necropolis). Restoration of the historical paths from the northern and eastern wickets is not reasonable as these entrances have lost their direct historical purpose and, in fact, are service entrances. The northern entrance is rarely used. It is extremely inconvenient because of its location on the sloping part of a hill. The northern and southern entrances can be used as emergency exits. The use of the northern and eastern entrances as the main entrances to the pogost territory requires radical revision of the whole concept of tourist flows and, perhaps, the existing security system. Conceptually, the northern and eastern entrances to the pogost are auxiliary (service) entrances. Disharmony in perception of interiors and exteriors at the pogost site As a whole, the Kizhi museum is positioned as a rural (village) area with buildings dated late 19 century and a bit earlier. Immersion of tourists in the atmosphere of the 19th century is relatively good and sometimes convincing, but everything has its reasonable limits. Conceptual architectural and technical solutions for the territory improvement Improvement of the territory of the single Church of the Transfiguration is advisable to perform in the context of the overall improvement of the whole architectural ensemble of the Kizhi pogost. In addition to the designed site the architectural ensemble includes the Church of the Intercession, the bell tower and the fence. Theoretically there are two directions (vectors) in improvement of the pogost territory: 1. Extension of the existing architectural and technical solutions “from the Church of the Intercession” to the whole territory of the pogost; 2. Development of a new concept for the pogost territory improvement. In the first case, the process of improvement of the territory around the Transfiguration Church will logically repeat the existing technical solutions that have been formed by the present moment (from the entrance to the porch of the Church of the Intercession and the bell tower). If the exploited territory is doubled it will proportionally increase the amount of gravel covering. The first concept (direction) in the territory improvement is a dead-end way. In the second case, new improvement solutions will entail the necessity to improve the territory beyond the designed site and expand improvement to the whole territory of the pogost. The project includes (in the zone for excursion activity): 1. Arrangement of a central ground, in fact, a small circular area at the entrance to the pogost; 2. Arrangement of three grounds for excursion activity (grounds 5-1, 5-2, 5-3 page №5 «Plan for improvement of the territory»); 3. Arrangement of a recreation ground for people with limited mobility with possible installation of benches (ground 5-4) as well as possible installation of benches for people with limited mobility outside the pogost and at the ground for excursion activity in front of the Church of the Transfiguration; 4. Paving the ground in front of the central entrance to the pogost (a triangle between the Church of the Intercession, the bell tower and the central entrance) with pebbles; From the point of view of a contemporary tourist who has just left a modern ship and finds oneself in the harsh environment of 150 years old, the Kizhi museum can seem “aggressive”. Generally, it is compensated by the presence of modern landscaping elements made in the ancient style: wooden walkways, recreation areas, shops and catering outlets, etc. 5. Formation of horizontal grounds at the entrances to the Church of the Transfiguration with a minimum slope of 2% for water drainage; Improvement of the territory of the Transfiguration Church (and the pogost, in general) without using modern landscaping elements may entail dissonance in perception of our culture. For example, a very rich iconostasis of the Church of the Transfiguration consisting of 101 icons and golden framing can produce a great impression, which can be spoiled by a puddle and mud at the porch of the church. Having restored a huge 22-domed monument we shall take care of earthly concerns. 7. Planting of greenery around the porches of the Church of the Transfiguration; 6. Installation of walkways for tourists paved with large cobblestones with a minimum slope of 5% for water drainage. The width of one moving lane of a walkway is 0.75 m; 8. Change of terrain from the north-western side of the pogost to level the territory for paving walkways and providing access to the northern porch of the Transfiguration Church and porch railing for safety of people with limited mobility. It is proposed in the historical zone: Therefore, the project proposes to find a reasonable compromise between the “pure” historical environment and modern landscaping from the western side of the pogost (zone for the excursion activity). It will reduce the contrast between beautiful interiors (and exteriors) of the monuments and the absence of basic road covering. So, the compromise is to make cobblestone pavement. 1. Restoration of the appearance of the cemetery, installation of Orthodox tombstone crosses with a minimal intervention to the existing terrain; 2. Minimal vertical planning of the territory near the Church of the Transfiguration for providing surface water drainage; 3. Formation of the zone of the historical cemetery from the western side of the bell tower with installation of tombstone crosses. 29 DESIGN SOLUTIONS Installation of rainwater drainage Improvement of the church basement (conservation of burials) The reconstruction of the foundation of the Church of the Transfiguration being completed, the historical ground level in the church basement is preserved. This ground surface level is not in line with the parameter “depth of freezing of the foundation’s bottom” of the design solutions. It is necessary to increase the ground surface level in the church basement to the design elevation. Besides, it is proposed to conserve the graves remained in the church basement. In both cases (carrying out the works in the church basement and outside the monument) it is necessary to hide the underground part of the foundation, in particular, the reinforced concrete strip. Only the part imitating the historical loose stone foundation will remain visible. The ground elevation marks as well as the coordinates of the foundation walls of the basement are reflected in page №8 “Plan of the church basement and porch base with elevation marks” The ground elevation marks as well as the coordinates of the points inclusive of installation of paving outside the church are given in page №9 “Plan for improvement of the church basement and paving with elevation marks”. In order to prevent mechanical damage and deformation of the ground in the church basement the project includes installation of geogrid on the ground almost throughout the entire area of the basement excluding foundation pads of the metal frame in the eastern part of the sanctuary, which protrude above the ground level marks. To enter the refectory basement from the porch basement they make two areaways that are also fixed with the geogrid. The area of the basement and geogrid is given in Table 3. Installation of paving and bases of the northern and southern porches Paving is made to drain water from the walls of the building, the slope of paving is 10%. The structure of paving is presented in page №10. The area of roofs of the Church of the Transfiguration is about 520 m2. In the context of rainwater drainage designing the monument is not a big structure with large surface area of roofs and, consequently, water flow. 1. Very complicated configuration of roofs allows to install the modern drainage system collecting water in controlled water removals neither from the architectural nor from the historical points of view; 2. Water discharge has different intensity along the perimeter of the building. To analyze this issue chart №1 was drawn up; 3. The monument itself is placed on the slope of a hill and has not had any historical rainwater drainage system. Making cobblestone pavement for tourists it is necessary to introduce correct, minimal rainwater drainage techniques, which include both the historical component of this issue and modern requirements. The project proposes to preserve the existing system of natural drainage based on the terrain. Water is naturally drained from the Church of the Transfiguration along the sloping ground surface to the lowest points and then to the stone footing of the pogost wall. As a potential water drainage development it is proposed to consider the following: In places of intensive water discharge in the area of the church porches three rainwater inlets shall be installed with underground channels (pipes) draining water to the stone footing of the pogost wall. The depth of pipes is 500 mm with the slope of 2%. The recommended diameter of pipes (according to calculation of water flow) is 100 mm. When designing the porches in the context of the vertical planning of the ground surface level and installation of paving there emerged certain problems. The problems lay in the fact that platforms of the porches are at the bottom of the slope and all snowmelt and rain waters will accumulate in the base of the platforms, which will cause their rapid destruction. To solve this problem the project proposes to install retaining stone and lime mortar walls of 400 mm width. The appearance and structure of the walls should repeat those of the visible part of the church foundation. Paving is arranged along the retaining walls. It helps to drain water away the porch bases. 30 Chart №1. Intensity of water discharge from the roofs of the Transfiguration Church – intensive water discharge to the ground; – not intensive water discharge to the ground; О – nominally, there is no water discharge. Measures to ensure access to the World Heritage Site for disabled people and people with limited mobility The project proposes to arrange a recreation ground for people with limited mobility with possible installation of benches (ground 5-4) as well as possible installation of benches for people with limited mobility outside the pogost wall and at the ground for excursion activity in front of the Church of the Transfiguration. It is proposed to install removable (seasonable) ramp-type structures on the northern part of the central porch to provide access to the church for wheelchair users. The monument is an absolutely unregulated from the point of view of modern operational requirements site (including the issue of visiting it by people with limited mobility). So, it is proposed to address the issue of visiting the interiors of the church by tourists with limited mobility in an individual way. A special unit in the guide service of the Kizhi museum can be established for this purpose. 31 OOO INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION DESIGN, GEOTECHNICS AND RECONSTRUCTION OOO PI GEOREKONSTRUKTSIYA General contractor 4, Izmailovsky pr., St. Petersburg, 190000 Tel.: (812) 316-61-18 / (812) 575-36-25 e-mail: mail@georec.spb.ru Site: Church of the Transfiguration of the Kizhi Pogost. Comprehensive restoration Address: Kizhi Island, Medvezhiegorsk region, Republic of Karelia Development of design estimate documentation for completion of restoration of the Transfiguration Church Volume IV Detailed design estimate documentation Part IV Detailed design estimate documentation for restoration Book 20.Б-3 Detailed drawings for restoration of annex ceilings, window and door openings (frames, doors, hardware), restoration of the exterior decoration of the monument and boarding of the church 12/15 – 06-3 DRG Customer: Kizhi Open Air Museum Under Contract № 1 /1 dd. . . 1 Director General A.Shashkin Architect as Project Manager V.Rakhmanov Scientific Project Manager V.Rakhmanov Saint Petersburg 2015 Site: Church of the Transfiguration of the Kizhi Pogost Subject: Comprehensive restoration project Address: Kizhi Island, Medvezhiegorsk region, Republic of Karelia 5. GUIDELINES Volume IV, part IV, book 20 Б-3 12/15 – 06-3 DRG Detailed drawings for restoration of annex ceilings, window and door openings (frames, doors, hardware), restoration of the exterior decoration of the monument and boarding of the church This part of the work (partial restoration of the exterior boarding on the southern façade) is to be performed in the minimum amount to apply in practice test fragments of boarding on a façade. It is necessary for the purpose of assessing and monitoring to get prepared for the inevitable future restoration of the church boarding in a certain period of time (in 10-15 years) as boarding is a protection feature of the outer surface (sap) layers of wood against weathering. It is extremely important that the church and individual groups of structures take the deformation position that has been formed for 250 years and that is correct for them. At the same time compensatory restoration measures are needed to eliminate the return of critical deformations. Not until then the comprehensive project on the exterior boarding restoration is to be developed taking into account the monitoring of work of the authentic structures. It is extremely important to consider the work of historical structures and restoration of the boarding that does not violate the specifics of their work. The exterior and interior boarding that was removed in 1950-s strengthened the walls with its secondary structures forcing the walls to work inadequately. 5.4 Basic guidelines for partial restoration of the exterior boarding The problem of restoration of the church walls boarding being discussed at the Scientific Council in 2000, they recommended to get back to this issue in 10-15 years (approximately). To preserve the walls of the 3rd octagon that were strongly affected by weathering it was recommended to restore its boarding. It was also recommended to install a test fragment of boarding made according to the old model with the purpose of expert assessment and tourist demonstration. The fragment should show the type and conception of boarding including a corner, a part of a window and basement. This solution approved after discussion at the Scientific Council of the RF Ministry of Culture was realized in detailed drawings. The Church of the Transfiguration of the Kizhi Pogost as many other wooden architecture monuments was not boarded entirely at the same time. The vertical boarding on separate walls attached directly to the logs was mentioned in the archive documents of the late XVIII c. In the middle of the XIX c a part of the walls was covered with horizontal boarding fixed to vertical half-beams with the diameter of up to 20 cm. In the late XIX c the whole church was finally boarded with edge-shaped planks sawn with a twohanded vertical front planing saw, one-handed plane and smoothed with a two-handed jointing plane. When boarding the church walls in the late XIX c with planks, edges of which were shaped for interconnection, they partly preserved the initial planks of the middle XIX c with a long bevel made for lap joining of these members. They supposedly used the remains of the removed boarding (late XVIII c) left in the basement part of the walls. The boarding was made of split and hewn pine half-timbers. That kind of preliminary conclusions and assumptions, which are to be clarified, have been based on the verbal information received from the author of the first restoration (1950-s) architect A.Opolovnikov and photo materials (1943-44) of Finnish researcher Lars Pettersson. Based on the above and analysis of the remains of the boarding used as a restoration material for barrels and domes we can say that planks were of different width and type of jointing (groove joint and lap joint). The draft project being considered at the Scientific Council of the RF Ministry of Culture in 2000, they recommended to restore boarding after completion of restoration of the beam structure at the first stage. They recommended to restore boarding of the upper (third) octagon only and to make it according to the old model as well as to make fragments of test boarding on the southern wall of the southern annex. The exterior surface of the walls of the 3rd octagon is in the poorest technical condition and a fragment of boarding in the visible area of the southern annex wall can help to assess the specificity of the church walls boarding and be a demonstrative fragment. Boarding shall be fixed to vertical double binding beams. All new boarding is carefully treated with protective compounds (colorless) recommended by experts (including UNESCO experts). The developed form of the boarding fragment on the southern annex (see DRG-21) shows the construction solutions: sloping, basement, framing, window round about, corner of the walls. This fragment helps to understand the constructive conception of the future boarding of the church. This form of boarding is the author’s solution of the project manager and can be specified (see Variant 1 and Variant 2) in the process of working with participation of the expert commission. The altar walls boarding can be considered as an option. Site: Church of the Transfiguration of the Kizhi Pogost Subject: Comprehensive restoration project Address: Kizhi Island, Medvezhiegorsk region, Republic of Karelia 5. GUIDELINES AND EXPLANATORY NOTE Volume IV, Part IV, Book 21 12/15 – 01 DRG Detailed project of the church interiors including the use of the church for religious purpose and displaying a part of the Kizhi museum collection items there 5.1 Introduction This set of detailed drawings has been developed for the comprehensive restoration of the church interior (refectory, sanctuary and altar). Flooring and soleas The photos made before installation of the metal scaffolding in 1980-83 depict levelling board floors of the XIX c laid above half-beam floors of the XVIII c. A rectangular section of the board floor of the soleas between choir places was laid in the late XIX c above the earlier XIX century levelling floor after dismantling of the projecting pulpit made at the same time as the new iconostasis and choir places. Restoration of half-beam floors of the XVIII c in the sanctuary, annexes and the refectory excludes restoration of the levelling board floors laid above the half-beam floors of the XVIII c. There are clear traces of the members of the XVIII c projecting pulpit with the levelling floor of the XIX c around the whole soleas preserved on long (more than 13 m) half beams of the XVIII c floor with their ends going under the soleas (almost to the iconostasis). One of the variants of the floor restoration suggests to restore it as of the period of the original appearance of the church interior – early XVIII c with flooring recreated at its historical place. Floor beams have traces of the XVIII c soleas, which supposedly had a semicircular or a rectangular pulpit. Since in the process of the research there was no opportunity to spread out the floor half beams in the restoration workshop and mark all the traces of the soleas, the author of the project suggests to restore the pulpit according to historical analogues of that period. The form of the pulpit (semicircular or rectangular) can be specified and determined only in the process of working following the traces on beams. The project version including restoration of the rectangular soleas suggests to install additional steps that did not exist before. The steps will be of different height at the choir places. The issue of the XVIII flooring restoration being considered at the Scientific Council, they decided to conserve all sections of half-beam floors including those in the southern annex that were inaccurately hewn during the first stage of floors levelling in the late XVIII – early XIX cc because of the uneven settlement of the walls. The continuous inaccurate hewing of half beams of the southern annex floor with their subsequent overcutting and lowering along with beams provides for two basic options for restoration of the site: 1) Restoration of hewing on all half beams along the front (upper) surface with installation of flat plates and installation of prosthesis on the cut ends. 2) Conservation of the floor section levelling half beams and preserving the traces of hewing and overcutting on them. Installation of a special window of high-strength glass above the southern annex floor so that one could walk on this window and see the old floor with traces left after attempting to level it. The first option actually means a newly made replica and the second option means conservation of the preserved floor parts after their levelling with other floors of the XVIII c and installation of the glass window. Elements of the interior that are part of the detailed drawings of this volume (see AS-3 and AS4): I - Iconostasis framing (system of rails and racks attached to the wall) II - Exposition area (glass window in the flooring showing underlying half-beam floor that was levelled in XIX c by hewing and had witness marks of an axe) III - “Heaven” ceiling (historical technique in wooden architecture, octagonal truncated pyramid without bottom) IV - Soleas with XVIII c pulpit reconstructed on the basis of traces found in the process of soleas members inspection V- Vestry (room in the northern part of the refectory separated with a partition wall and a ceiling) VI - Wall-mounted benches (benches reconstructed on the basis of archive drawings and photos) VII - Two choir places (southern and northern) installed back VIII - Floor-mounted cross installed back at the same place (in front of the northern choir) IX - Alms-box reconstructed on the basis of historical photos X - Stone vessel for incense burning reconstructed on the basis of historical photos XI - Throne in the altar annex reconstructed on the basis of historical photos. 5.2 Restoration works on the iconostasis framing installation Work scope list. Installation of supporting and guide structures and mounting of the basic panels of the iconostasis without decorative overlaid elements, icons and panels of three doors, including: 1. Making vertical guide racks with cross-section of 13х15 cm of beams Ø23-25 cm 2. Making and mounting of forged fasteners of a strip of 30х5 mm, up to 50 cm length = 44 elements. Every element accounts for 4 forged nails L=80 mm, 176 pcs in total. 3. Dovetailing horizontal guide rails with vertical racks and walls, 36 dovetail joints. 4. Making and mounting of fixing cantilevered butterflies (21х5х5cm) to support horizontal guide rails, 32 pcs. 5. Repair of panels (restoration of chipped edges, removal of remains of forged nails, up to 10% of chipped edge perimeter and up to 8 nails with the subsequent sealing of holes with wooden plugs) 6. Successive mounting of iconostasis panels (55 pcs) from bottom to top fixing them to the vertical and horizontal guide rails of the load-bearing frame with stainless self-tapping screws Ø6 mm, L= 100 mm (55 pcs х 8), 440 pcs in total. 7. Levelling of the base part of the iconostasis (because of dismantling of the upper floors) through installation of additional timber elements (cross-section13х20 cm) underneath along the perimeter. Eight dovetailed elements with the height of from 10 to 20 cm. The total length of the elements is 160+410+342+112+129+345+416+160= 20.74 rm. 8. Boarding a part of the load-bearing frame from the altar side with panels made of thin planks up to 18 mm thick. Attaching them to guide laths (cross-section 40х40 mm), 6 panels with the size of 65х325 cm and 2 panels with the size of 105х325 cm. The total area is 2.11х6+3.41х2= 19.48 m² 5.3 Restoration of floors An exposition zone shall be arranged in the southern annex to display half beams of the XVIII c floor levelled in the XIX c by hewing. This zone (20 m2, see AS-7) shall be covered with a glass window on the aluminum structure (cross-section 80х25 mm, 44 rm). The covering structure shall be made of vertical crosswise profiles and multilayer polymeric “Triplex” glass with the size of 1000х1000х16 mm (20 panels in total). The total area is 20.46 m2. The weight of one panel (1000х1000 mm) is 75 kg. All works are to be performed by the producer company. · Installation of the glass window made of triplex (30 mm, 3 layers) on the anodized aluminum structure (cross-section 80х25 mm 44 rm, glass panels 100x100 cm – 20 pcs, the total area of the floor taking into account a 5 mm gap between the panels is 20.46 m2. · Arrangement of 38 upper beams with the total length of 242.8 rm under the floor making prostheses of beam joints to dovetail nestle them into the walls (54 nests) and levelling and adjusting up to 50% of the upper surface to the floor, including: beams of small and medium size (4-7.3 m length, Ø24-28 cm, 31 pcs with the total length of 163.3 rm), large beams in the central part of the octagon (10.5-12.5 m length, Ø28-34 cm (without dovetail joints), 7 pcs with the total length of 79.5 rm), wedging of all large beams in the walls. · Antiseptic and fire retardant treatment of all reconstructed floors and prostheses from both sides with compounds tested and recommended by UNESCO, (73.9+18)х2.9=266.5 m², with k=2.9 for developed surface. 5.4 Reconstruction of the soleas Reconstruction of the semicircular pulpit consisting of three steps shall be made of logs followed by hewing with an axe. Step members of the pulpit shall be joint with a longitudinal tenon with the height of 1/3 of the step height. Mounting timber shear lugs (60х60х120 mm) on the lower step and the floor and pegs (Ø15х60 mm) between the steps. Half beams of the floor from the upper step of the soleas to the connection member shall be reconstructed according to the old pattern. When installing the pulpit, toothing shall be made “at an angle” to lay new half beams (for bringingin and secure fixation). One of the versions of the soleas reconstruction that allows to preserve maximum authenticity of the part of the interior suggests to restore the soleas as of the last construction period together with the iconostasis and choir places built at the same time as well as with the authentic details (flooring and steps) that have been preserved. In this case only one step is added as the level of the floor of the sanctuary is lowered relative to the one of the XIX century. 5.7 Lighting in the interior of the church Laying electrical cables with interconnection wiring to chandeliers, lamps and sockets from power generators located in the basement part shall be made with the use of closed cable ducts of non-combustible materials. Location of cable ducts shall be hidden from the eyes (under the benches, under the floor, above the ceiling, behind the vertical screeds of the walls (specified in the process of author’s supervision). All electrical devices shall be divided into three groups (switchboard) with a common switch at the entrance to the basement: · Altar part – 2 sockets, 2 closed lamps and a church chandelier (nearest to the altar part), · Northern area – 1 socket in the vestry, 3 closed lamps, 2 church chandeliers of the northern annex, · Southern area – 1 socket in the refectory, 2 closed lamps, 4 church chandeliers of the southern and western annexes. Connect emergency and evacuation light to a separate special electric board. 5.8 “Heaven” ceiling UNESCO report: “Potential loss of interior due to conservational challenges: There has been some discussion on the conditions of the beams of the “heaven” ceiling from the church interior. The Russian paintings conservators, working with these interior parts, are very clear in their view that the beams should be kept in a museum, and that an exact copy should be made for the Church of the Transfiguration. The mission recognizes the great challenges of putting the beams for the heaven ceiling back into its original positions in the church, including loss of decoration paint over time. Nevertheless, removing the original ceiling beams, which is both part of this almost complete church interior as well as part of the original construction, would cause loss of authenticity and integrity”. “Heaven” ceiling is an octagonal truncated pyramid (hollow, without bottom). The contour of the base is the lower supporting ring, the upper side is the upper supporting ring, the facets are icons, and ribs are 16 marked transoms. The spatial load-bearing structure of the “heaven” ceiling consisting of eight corner and eight intermediate ribs with the upper supporting ring is under restoration. The lost panels between ribs (previously painted) are being reconstructed (currently without painting). All ribs and panels form a spatial structure with reinforcing fixing plates installed from the attic. To eliminate thrust forces from the “heaven” ceiling ribs to the supporting ring the transoms are suspended on an auxiliary octagonal beam structure placed between the “heaven” ceiling and double-roof in the direct analogy with the structure of the Church of the Intercession (1708) close to the city of Vytegra (presumably made by the same team of craftsmen). Members of the supporting beams of the “heaven” ceiling (upper octagonal ring) and transoms are being reconstructed. Metal members (plates) are installed as an additional reinforcement to the traditional joint of the reconstructed wooden elements. The use of these plates (not on historical but on new members!) is justified by the need to create a more durable structure (it was also recommended by professor Jens Kickler), and they can be installed or not installed depending on the results of monitoring of the work of the supporting ring, transoms and upper ring of the “heaven” ceiling. ALGORITHM for the use of additional non-traditional structures in the process of working: 1. Make an octagonal supporting ring of the “heaven” ceiling (reconstruction from wood). 2. Make 16 transoms of the “heaven” ceiling (reconstruction from wood). 3. Make the upper ring of the “heaven” ceiling (reconstruction from wood). 4. Install all structures of the “heaven” ceiling with the use of traditional joints. 5. The structures shall get adapted and adjusted taking the best possible position under load. 6. Based on the results of monitoring of the work of the supporting ring, transoms and the upper ring of the “heaven” ceiling they make a collegial decision to apply additional reinforcing elements. 7.Mount reinforcing elements on wooden structures. In the process of designing and a comprehensive inspection of the “heaven” ceiling structures, the development team has repeatedly insisted on keeping the authentic structures (transoms and the upper ring) in their historical place. It meets the basic restoration principle of maximum conservation of the authentic material in its historical place and putting it into service. Moreover, it solves a number of issues relating to reconstruction of painting on the transoms and upper ring. However, the Customer presented by the Kizhi Open Air Museum suggests to make copies of these structures and keep the originals in the museum’s fund. In the case of installation of the copies they have to get adapted and adjusted taking the best possible position under load. Only then it is necessary to make a collegial decision on painting altogether the transoms, upper ring, panels of the “heaven” ceiling, and reconstructed planks between the iconostasis and the ceiling. Brief on the issue: Options for the heaven ceiling restoration Church of the Transfiguration) including restoration of the heaven ceiling painting with modern replicas In 2019 they plan to finish the architectural restoration of the Church of the Transfiguration on Kizhi Island. In 2020 they plan to restore the interior, the basic part of which is a carved four-tiered iconostasis with icons dated XVII – XVIII cc. One of the elements of the interior decoration of the Transfiguration Church is the so-called heaven ceiling (a ceiling structure made up by painted transoms supporting 17 icons that were initially placed on them). During World War II these icons were taken from the church by Finns and subsequently lost. In 1956 after restoration of the Church of the Transfiguration carried out upon the project of A.Opolovnikov, the empty openings of the heaven ceiling were filled with herringbone boarding. It had existed until the moment of dismantling of the church interior in 1980 (in connection with the preparation for the modern restoration). The currently implemented restoration project does not include restoration of the painting decoration of the heaven ceiling. Neither does the thematic and exposition plan for the interior restoration developed in the Kizhi museum. It is planned to restore the heaven ceiling as of 1980 in the form of herringbone boarding. At present they discuss the possibility to restore the lost painting decoration with modern replicas painted on the basis of the existing black-and-white photos of the heaven ceiling. It is possible after installation of the heaven ceiling structure in the church, which will help to determine the sizes and geometry of the lost icon-painting works. At the same time, it should be noted that the issue of restoration of the heaven ceiling painting decoration evokes mixed opinions of experts. In particular, it was considered by the scientific council of the Kizhi museum. And the council took a negative decision. They considered it inadvisable to paint new icons as it is impossible to authentically reconstruct icons on the basis of black-and-white photos. And introduction of a large newly made icon painting complex will cause the loss of the authenticity. External experts attracted by the Kizhi museum (T.Koltsova, Doctor of Arts, author of monograph Heaven ceiling painting in wooden churches of the Russian North ; V.Platonov, Ph.D. in History of Arts, expert in icon painting of Obonezhie; M.Milchik, Ph.D. in History of Arts, well-known art expert and expert in wooden architecture) have come to the same conclusions. Currently, they propose to restore the heaven ceiling in the form it was reconstructed by architect A.Opolovnikov and existed at the time of closing the Church of the Transfiguration for the restoration, i.e. herringbone boarding. Appendix. Fig. 1 Iconostasis of the Church of the Transfiguration with the fragment of the heaven ceiling (1926) Fig. 2 Iconostasis of the Church of the Transfiguration at the time of closing the church for the restoration (1980) Fig. 1 Fig. 2 ANNEX J – Report on restoration of the heaven ceiling and the royal doors 16.03.2018. Museum depository with restored items. Kizhi Island. Members of the “heaven” ceiling structure and some parts of the iconostasis from the Church of the Transfiguration are stored in this depository. In 2015 they made conservation of paint layer on members of the “heaven” ceiling structure. In 2018 they plan to make conservation of the wooden base of the structure. The ciborium is kept nearby. It is a wooden carved gilded canopy that used to be located above the altar throne. In 2017 they carried out the full set of conservation works on the ciborium: conservation of the gilded and paint layer, conservation of the wooden basis. The royal doors of the iconostasis are kept in the next room. In 2013 they made conservation of the gilded and paint layer of the royal doors. In 2017 they made conservation of the wooden basis. Before conservation the gilded layer was in the emergency state: it peeled off from the base, had losses. The wooden base had losses of fragments and details of carving. Many details of carving have been preserved separately. Conservation was made with original materials and according to the original technique. Gilding was fixed with natural adhesive of animal origin. Details of carving were made of wood (linden) and gilded. There were totally 222 details of carving lost on the royal doors. Among them 56 details were matched from those kept separately and then installed. The rest 166 details were made in analogue with the surviving ones. Gilding coating of new details was tinted. Toning is lighter than the original coating. New details of carving are scattered throughout the surface of the royal doors and add fresh shine to the original gild, which is poorly preserved. If necessary, toning of new details can be changed. This kind of decision will be taken after installation of the iconostasis in the church, when we will be able to see the overall view of the whole iconostasis. ANNEX K - Report on the restoration of the iconostasis and interior elements The results of the restoration of the iconostasis and tyabla of the "heavens" and objects of the interior decoration of the church in 2009-2017. Nabokova I.I., head of conservation One of the main tasks of the restoration of the Church of the Transfiguration of the Kizhi Pogost is the restoration of the historically authentic interior of the northern temple on the basis of the preserved original interior items. Movable property of the churches of the Kizhi pogost, objects of church decoration and worship are included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and are kept in the Kizhi museum collection. The most important part of the interior of the church is the iconostasis, which includes icons that are mostly dated by the end of the 17th century - the first half of the 18th century, carved gilded iconostasis, dating from the last third of the 18th century, with the royal gates and the altar chapel. In addition, fragments of the original painted iconostasis from the beginning of the eighteenth century, including 16 radial painted tyabla, the lock ring and friezes that make up the skeleton for the "heaven" icons, are also preserved, as well as six fragments of painted tyabla that previously served as frames for icons of the iconostasis. The iconostasis repeats the complex configuration of the eastern walls of the octagonal logframe, and consists of seven vertical planes, located at different angles with respect to each other. The front surface is decorated with overhead flat and voluminous carved elements, covered with gilding. The central part includes the double folding royal gate with a finial. In the altar there is a suspended ciborium. The height of the iconostasis in the annexes is 6,70 m, on the side faces is 6,90 m, on the eastern wall is 7,09 m, length is 23,7 m. Frames of the structural elements of the iconostasis are made of coniferous wood; carved details of pine, alder, aspen, linden. Initially, the constructive connection of the details of the iconostasis was glued, supplemented with wooden nails. But there are metal nails of different shapes that reflect different periods of renewal (folk restoration). In the years 1979-1980 when preparing the Church of the Transfiguration for engineering reinforcement, all elements of the interior were dismantled and after a while they entered the main fund of the Kizhi museum. At present, the iconostasis is stored in the storages of the Kizhi museum in the form of 67 large structural elements (socle panels, icon kiotas, royal gates, ciborium), 150 plated decorative details (consoles, bases, columns, capitals), 105 icons and 26 surviving elements of the original tyabla iconostasis and ceiling - "heavens" According to archival data, the last renovation of the iconostasis was carried out in 1902. At this time, the iconostasis was dismantled, weakened or lost elements were replaced, gold plating was made over the mordant with high-purity gold (so-called oil gilding, more resistant to atmospheric effects). After major repairs in 1902, conservation work on the iconostasis was not carried out until the last quarter of the 20th century. 8. Artists-restorers of the museum carried out a detailed fixation of the state of preservation of all dismantled parts and fragments of the iconostasis and identified problems that require urgent restoration intervention. Since the receipt of the museum funds in the 1980s, a progressive deterioration of the state of preservation of the gilded coating of the iconostasis frame began to occur. The heterogeneous structure and increased hygroscopicity of the coating, areas with a thick uneven substrate layer of hard glutinous glue and drying oil, the use of different types of gilding - all facts resulted in the appearance of a strong surface and internal tension and, as a result, cracking of gilding and soil with a backlog of particles from basis. 9. In 1980 - 1981, due to the deterioration of the state of preservation of the paint layer the conservation of gilding was made with synthetic glues, by the MNRHU. Despite this, since 1984 the exfoliation of the coating and gilding of all the details of the iconostasis has been noticed, later appeared craquelure with twisting edges. In 1991, the state of the gilded covering of the iconostasis was recognized as an emergency. In 1992-1997 years the museum carried out a complex of measures for the emergency stabilization of the preservation of gilding (preventive gluing, improvement of storage conditions, surveys, etc.). Specialists of Karelia, St. Petersburg, Moscow and abroad (Finland, Germany) took part in the survey of the gold coating. The problems of preserving the gilded cover were discussed at the meeting of ICOMOS (1993). Physico-chemical and technical-technological research showed that the gilded covering of the iconostasis had a pronounced individual character, so it was recommended to seek the search for special unique conservation methods. As a result of the joint work of specialists-restorers and restoration organizations, methodological recommendations defining the specifics of conservation works were developed. In 2006, the methodology was agreed with the Federal Service for Supervision of the Observance of Legislation in the Sphere of Mass Communications and the Protection of Cultural Heritage under the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation (letter No. 4/11801 of 07.12.2006). In 2009, the gradual restoration of the gilded carved frame of the iconostasis began, which included the preservation of the gilded covering, the restoration of decorative carvings and carpentry. It is technologically impossible to undertake at same time both the conservation of the paint layer and the restoration of the wooden base of the carving and joinery. The work must be carried out in strict sequence - the preservation of the gilded and polychrome coating, the restoration of carvings and carpentry, the toning of the restored parts. In 2009 - 2010 years the first stage of restoration was carried out - the strengthening of the paint layer of the basement tier: 10 large structural elements and 10 decorative details of the iconostasis were restored. Performer of works was MNRKU (Interregional Scientific Restoration Art Management Department) Moscow. In 2010-2012 restoration of the prophetic and deesis tiers of the iconostasis was carried out. The preservation of the gilded covering and the restoration of the decorative carving and the carpentry of the frames was made. 24 large structural elements and 58 overhead decorative details of the carved gilded iconostasis frame were restored. Performer of the works was MNRKhU (Interregional Scientific Restoration Art Management Department) (subcontractor organization was LLC Gotland, St. Petersburg). In 2014, partial restoration (reinforcement of the paint layer) of 26 details of the ceiling - "heavens" and elements of the original tectonic iconostasis was made. The performer of the works wasMNRKhU, Moscow. In 2017, the restoration of the royal gates and of the suspended ciboium was completed. In 2013, specialists of the Interregional Scientific Restoration Art Administration Department (Moscow) carried out the conservation of the gilded covering of the royal gates. In 2017 employees of the St. Petersburg restoration workshop "Gotland" were engaged in the restoration of carvings and carpentry: they returned all the "drops" and replaced some of the lost details. The last stage was gilding and toning of new details and those elements where the gilding layer was damaged or lost. In the next 3 years it is expected to perform 1/2 of the total workload. In 2018, the restoration of the carving and the carpentry basement of the lower panels is to be completed 37 parts. It is planned to preserve the paint layer and gilding and restore the carvings and carpentry of the festive stage - 20 parts. In 2019, not less large-scale work is to be carried out on the local tier, which includes 73 items: conservation of the paint layer and gilding, restoration of carvings and carpentry. In addition to restoring the iconostasis frame, the museum is restoring icons from the iconostasis of the Transfiguration Church, 105 pieces. The purpose of the restoration works is the conservation of the picturesque layer and the preparation of icons for the return to the interior of the temple. Most of the icons dating from the 17th to the 18th centuries have similar technical and technological characteristics: the basis is coniferous boards, cut-in through splines, fabric canvas, gesso, tempera, gilding with gold leaf-double (gold with a substrate of silver or copper). The nature of the destruction is also common for all icons. This is craquelure with raised edges, small blooms of gesso and paint layer, lagging of restoration inserts along the edges, peeling of the paint layer. Partial restoration of icons was carried out in the 1950s. A complete restoration was carried out in 1985-1986 by a team of restorers of MNRKhU . The soil and the paint layer were strengthened, the late records and darkened drying oil were removed, the restoration levkas was introduced, the losses were toned with watercolors, the painting was coated with ACO-15 lacquer dissolved in a mixture of white spirit and methyl ethyl ketone (1: 1). The back of the icons was waxed. For 30 years, most of the icons from the iconostasis of the Transfiguration Church have been actively used in the exhibition activities of the museum, and now work is needed on the conservation of the paint layer. In 2017, restoration work was carried out on 28 icons of the festive row of the iconostasis. The specialists of the Interregional Scientific and Restoration Art Administration Department (Moscow) performed the work under the contract. At present, the icons of the local, prophetic and deesis tiers of the iconostasis have been inspected, and the terms of reference for the restoration of the remaining 77 icons has been developed. Their restoration is scheduled for 2018-2019. Restoration of the Kizhi architectural ensemble, carried out in the 1950-s (1949-1957), was aimed at restoring the original appearance of monuments, including their interiors. However, according to the reconstruction project, only the iconostases were preserved in the interiors of the churches. Lighting devices, church utensils, elements of the temple vestments, clothes of priests were kept in auxiliary rooms outside the Kizhi pogost on Kizhi island. In the 1980s, the objects of the temple decoration were recognized as important historical artefacts, the necessary conservation work was carried out. In the main fund of the museum-reserve "Kizhi" more than 60 objects were accepted. Together they document the traditional culture of Orthodox ritualism, which has developed in the everyday life of the northern peasant pogost. At present, when the restoration of the monument is nearing the final stage, the museum solves the problems of restoring the church interior, and also seeks for the new opportunities to increase the accessibility of cultural values for museum visitors, the Russian and the world community. However, the objects of church utensils, because of the unsatisfactory state of their preservation, may be lost without performing restoration and conservation works. The concept of the interior exposition of the Church of the Transfiguration on Kizhi island (Frolova G.I., 2014) provides the display of samples of church utensils, books, clothes of priests and other authentic objects from the churches of the Kizhi Pogost within the thematic exhibitions. The exposure time of genuine objects in the interior of a wooden monument that does not have stable climatic parameters is limited. In this regard, it is necessary organize the possibility of their periodic (preventive) replacement. For the exhibition in the Church of the Transfiguration it is planned to prepare the whole complex of items from the museum's stock collection, originating from the temples of the Kizhi Pogost. By now, the restoration was held on 23 items, including 11 items from the "Metal" collection and 12 items from the "Textiles" collection. For the beginning of restoration work on the remaining 41 items, a research and estimation of costs for restoration are required. It is planned to be held in 2018. The research is needed for the items from the collection of "Fabrics": vestments of priests, from the collection "Metal": lighting temple instruments (candlesticks, lamps, icon frames) from the collection "Written sources": liturgical books and documents of the Kizhi parish of the 19th century. Due to the emergency condition of objects, their complex and numerous damages, restoration will require serious restoration work during 2018-2020: in 2018 - inspection, the beginning of restoration work on the main complex of objects; in 2019 - the completion of the most difficult technologically restoration work (on the shroud (KP-4528), candlesticks (KP3776; KP-3777), candlestick for 7 candles (KP-3778). 10. Problems of restoration of the iconostasis. 11. One of the main problems, determined by the end of 2017 - is the extremely high pace of restoration, dictated by the financing plans. We have to be extremely attentive and responsible in the organization of restoration work, because any violation of technological processes in favor of compressed deadlines can lead to a decrease in the quality of restoration. To implement the planned pace of restoration, first of all it is necessary to organize on Kizhi island parallel long-term work of 10-15 diversified restorers, specializing in tempera painting, wood carving, gilding. Meanwhile, the museum, for objective reasons, until recently, could ensure the work only in the warm season (during 4 - 5 months), and the restoration workshops on the island were designed only 5 to 6 specialists. To solve this problem, additional rooms for restoration workshops near the place of storage of the iconostasis parts are currently being installed in the storage facilities. This will extend the duration of work on the island up to 8 months and will allow to equip the required number of working places for invited specialists. The museum is responsible for creating the proper conditions for storing and exhibiting authentic objects in the interior of the Transfiguration Church. In 2019, as part of preparations for monitoring the state of preservation of the iconostasis and objects of church use, it is planned to perform digital photo-fixation of restored iconostasis frames, tyabla and temple icons before the start of the installation. This will allow to further monitor the state of objects and promptly respond to any changes. Storage and exposition of decoration items and church furniture of the Transfiguration Church in Kizhi is produced in the monument of wooden architecture with unregulated temperature and humidity conditions. Traditional wooden structures require natural ventilation of log houses and do not protect museum items from penetration of wind, dust, atmospheric moisture. Only monuments used as storage facilities are partially protected from negative atmospheric effects. The instability of the temperature and humidity conditions, sharp seasonal and high daily fluctuations are the main cause of aging, disease and death of museum collections. First of all, fabrics and organic material items, works of ancient Russian painting, gilded and polychrome carvings suffer from the difficult climatic conditions. In these conditions, permanent restoration monitoring is of primary importance. However, there are no conditions on Kizhi Island for conducting restoration and conservation works. Currently, in one of the storage sites, two offices with a total area of about 40 square meters have been assigned for works on tempera painting and on objects from fabric. The offices do not have climate protection, water supply systems, sewerage communications, or special equipment. Another of the most acute problems of the Kizhi island's storage facilities is overload, which is created by a large number of large-sized items, that include water and land transport, architectural details, peasant furniture, wooden mechanisms, etc. It is necessary to resolve the issue of creating safe conditions for their storage. Construction of the restoration and conservation complex on the Kizhi Island, envisaged by the Concept for the Development of the Museum in 2017 - 2027, should contribute to resolving the most acute problems of storing and exhibiting museum values and will help to solve the following tasks: − − Creation of optimal conditions for storage of museum values on Kizhi island. Creation of a base for operational restoration monitoring of museum items and museum collections exhibited in the architectural and ethnographic exposition of the Kizhi island. Due to the creation of new architectural and ethnographic sectors until the end of 2027, the number of exhibited items will reach 5,0 - 7,0 thousand. In 2020, the exhibits will also include icons of the iconostasis of the Transfiguration Church, fragments of the original tyabla iconostasis, the construction of a carved gilded five-tier iconostasis frame, which require permanent and operative restoration observation. Significant reduction in the volume of transportation of museum items and collections between Petrozavodsk and Kizhi, and, accordingly, a reduction in the risk of loss or damage, as a significant part of the restoration and conservation work will be carried out on the island of Kizhi. ANNEX L - Photographs 1. Entrance zone A with the pier and café building - the buildings No. 9 and No. 8. 2. View to Entrance zone A with the World Heritage property “Kizhi Pogost”. 3. View to Entrance zone A from the lake. 4. View to Entrance zone B from the lake. 5. Visual corridor from the village Oyatevshchina. 6. A part of the forest fund, just across the village of Vasilievo, underwent drastic cutting of trees, which created a large visual gap. 7. Permanent surveillance monitoring system on the island. 9. Fire protection measures in the house of the peasant Belyaev. 8. Firefighting ship and police station next to the “Kizhi Pogost” World Heritage property complex. 10. The World Heritage property “Kizhi Pogost”. 11. The World Heritage property “Kizhi Pogost”. 12. The World Heritage property “Kizhi Pogost”. 13. Transfiguration Church – interior iron skeleton and interventions to support the original wooden structure. 14. The binding posts are fitted too closely to the walls and will prevent necessary vertical movement. 15. The first timber that was replaced in 2011 already has a nice and natural grey colour. If treated with chemicals, natural aging would have been prevented. 16. Winter Church of the Intercession – the iconostasis and icon exhibition. 17. Mr. Rakhmanov, chief architect of the restoration project, shows the severe damage in the corners of the Church of the Intercession. 18. Temporary strengthening system of wood, inside the tower of the Church of the Intercession. 19. Existing repairs on the outer walls of the Winter Church. 20. The outer walls of the Winter Church. 21. Binding posts have been introduced on the Church of the Intercession, to prevent further deformations. The binding posts are adapted to the deformations that were already there. 22. "Restored by Opolovnikov. A. 1949 - 1951." From inside the tower of the winter church. 23. Traces from different techniques to make planks. These hewing techniques are considered to be extinct from Norway since medieval age. 24. Ladders made of one piece of wood inside the top dome of the Church of the Transfiguration (photographed in 2011) 25. Inside the "bochka" of the Winter Church “The Kizhi Necklace” 28. The Church of Resurrection of Lazarus (14th c.) 26. Veronica’s Veil Chapel (late 17th – early 18th c.) 27. The Chapel of the Three Sanctifiers from the village of Kavgora (second half of 18th c.) 29. Chapel of Archangel Michael (early 18th c.) 30. Chapel of Saints Paraskeva Piatnitsa and Varlaam of Khutyn in the village Podyelniki (second half of 19th c.) 31. The village of Nasonovschina (Volkostrov). 32. Chapel of Saints Peter and Paul in the village of Nasonovschina (Volkostrov, 17th – 18th c.) – interior and the “heaven” ceiling of the Archangel Michael Chapel of the village of Lelikozero (early 18th c.), Kizhi Island. A distant ancestor: The Church of the Holy Saviour in Chora (Kariye Camii) in Istanbul, with the finest examples of mosaic-work of the Palaeologian Renaissance (ap.1320) – exonarthex cupola. 33. The house of peasant Oshevnev (1876) represents the traditional way of life of the Russians in Zaonezhie area at the end of the 19th century. 34. The house of the peasant Sergin from the village of Munozero (dating from the 1870s) is currently used for the preservation and storage of a rich collection of wooden household items. 35. The house of Pertyakov, the largest in Yamka village, is a typical northern Russian house-complex, and has been adapted into dwelling quarters for the members of the museum staff. It keeps some authentic local boats inside. At present, it hosts 8 members of the museum staff in each room. The house of Berezkin has already been rehabilitated into a touristic attractive place and hosts 2 members of the museum staff. 36. The house of peasant Belyaev hosts elements of the iconostasis and of the “heaven” ceiling of the Transfiguration Church. 37. The traditional house of Mr Valery Kiryanov in Shlyamino village, on Wolf Island. 38. The traditional house in Eglovo village, despite its poor condition, keeps the air of authenticity and continuous living condition. 39. The village of Vasilievo. 40. The village of Yamka. 41. The Pudozh sector. 42. View to Oyatevshchina village on the shore of the lake, just opposite Vasilievo village. 43. Oyatevshchina village - Part of the coast and the new road under construction. 44. Signaling on the island in public outdoor places and on monumental buildings. 45. Public space infrastructure equipment. 46. Entrance zone A as in November 2011 with the previous buildings. 47. Entrance zone A as in November 2011 and in March 2018. 48. High large trees form natural vegetation curtains that hide the greatest part of the entrance zone A. 49. Entrance zone A - The renovated existing administrative buildings No. 9 and No. 8. 50. The existing building No. 1 (café with roofed terrace built 2014). 51. Interior of building No. 1 (café with roofed terrace, new in 2014). 52. The nearby pier for small boats is under reconstruction. 53. Existing building No. 3 (souvenir kiosks, new in 2014). 54. Area between Restoration complex and Vasilievo historical village with newer/makeshift/temporary structures deforming the appearance of Kizhi Island. 55. The difficult living conditions of the museum staff in the rough wooden constructions along the shore of the lake. 56. The difficult living conditions for the museum staff, in rough wooden constructions and in prefabricated metal containers along the shore of the lake. 57. The boat–restaurant abandoned in front of the pier of entrance zone B directly degrades the natural environment . 58. Project sector “Northern Vepsians”. 59. View from project sector “Northern Vepsians” to Pudozh sector with three large log houses and up to Veronica’s Veil Chapel. 60. Reconstruction of the warehouse building on Kizhi Island. 61. The ICOMOS mission experts visiting the depositories of stock collections and the laboratories, as well as the temporary icons exhibition in the State Historical - Architectural and Ethnographic Museum-Reserve Kizhi in Petrozavodsk. 62. The two working groups attending the introductory presentations on the subject in the Restoration building. 63. ICOMOS mission expert Alkiviadis Prepis making presentations to the members of the second working group 64. Visiting the restoration complex of the World Heritage property “Kizhi Pogost”