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2019, International journal of chemical studies
Present research was carried out to understand antagonistic potentiality of six native Trichoderma spp. against Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae causing Aggregate sheath spot of rice. Dual culture technique revealed the inhibition percentages of R. oryzae-sativae by T.asperellum (KU933475), T.koningiopsis (KU904460), Hypocrea lixii (KX0113223), T.harzianum (KU904458), T.ovalisporum (KU904456) and T. atroviridae (KU933472) of 58.43%, 68.23%, 60.0%, 72.94%, 64.31%, and 70.19% respectively. Bell’s scale study showed class III category by Trichoderma spp and class II showed by T.harzianum (KU904458) against Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae. Among the different biological agents Trichoderma harzianum is the most effective one for reducing rapid growth of the pathogen. Further, all Trichoderma isolates significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Key words: Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae, Dual culture, Trichoderma spp.
Plant Protection
Trichoderma as potential biocontrol agent, its exploitation in agriculture: A review2018 •
The novel technologies in all areas of agriculture have improved agricultural production, but some modern practices affect the environment. The recent challenge faced by advanced farming is to achieve higher yields in an environment-friendly manner. Thus, there is an immediate need to find eco-friendly solutions. Among various types of species being used as biocontrol agents, Trichoderma is widely used as biocontrol agent against different kinds of plant pathogens. Trichoderma spp. are asexual fungi that are present in all types of agricultural soils and also in decaying wood. The hostile activity of Trichoderma species showed that it is parasitic on many soil-borne and foliar plant pathogens. Recent studies showed that this fungus not only acts as biocontrol agent but also stimulates plant resistance, plant growth and development resulting in an increase in crop production. The antagonistic activity involves mycoparasitism, antibiotics, competition for nutrients and also induces systemic resistance in plants. Currently, Trichoderma spp. are being used to control plant diseases in sustainable disease management system. This paper reviews the already published information on Trichoderma as biocontrol agent, its biocontrol activity and its commercial production and application in plant disease management programs.
Biotechnology and Biology of Trichoderma
Biodiversity of the Genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma in Different Habitats2014 •
Phytoparasitica
Plant defense activation and management of tomato root rot by a chitin-fortified Trichoderma/Hypocrea formulationTomato root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a major soilborne disease resulting in significant yield loss. The culture filtrates of six isolates of Trichoderma/Hypocrea species were evaluated for in vitro production of hydrolytic enzymes. Results demonstrated that all the six isolates were able to produce chitinase, β-1, 3 glucanase and protease in the range of 76–235 μmol GlcNAc min-1 mg-1 protein, 31.90–37.72 nmol glucose min-1 mg-1 proteins and 63.05–86.22 μmol min-1 mg-1 proteins, respectively. Trichoderma/Hypocrea-based formulation(s) were prepared with chitin (1% v:v) and CMC (0.5% w:v) for root rot management in a greenhouse. Root dip application with bioformulation(s) resulted in a significant reduction of the root rot index. In addition, bioformulations increased plant growth attributing traits significantly relative to untreated control. Accumulation of total phenols, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase increased in chitin-supplemented Trichoderma/Hypocrea formulation-treated plants challenged with R. solani. The results suggest that chitin-fortified bioformulation(s) could be an effective system to control root rot of tomato in an eco-compatible manner.
Biochemical Engineering Journal
Antagonistic fungi, Trichoderma spp.: Panoply of biological control2007 •
European Journal of Plant Pathology
Biotic changes in relation to local decrease in soil conduciveness to disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani2010 •
The relationships between biotic changes and local decrease in soil conduciveness in disease patches towards the disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2 in a sugar beet field in France were investigated. Soil samples from healthy and diseased areas were analysed for bacterial and fungal densities, molecular and physiological microbial community structures, and antagonistic abilities of Trichoderma isolates collected from diseased and healthy areas. Although the inoculum density was higher inside the disease patches, the respective soil was less conducive towards disease incited by R. solani AG 2-2. It was concluded that the pathogen was present in healthy areas but did not incite disease in field conditions. Conversely, the response of the microflora to previous development of R. solani in diseased areas prevented further pathogenic activity. Indeed, genetic and physiological structures of the fungal communities and physiological structures of the bacterial communities were modified in disease patches compared to healthy areas. The terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis revealed that the peaks corresponding to R. solani and Trichoderma spp. were higher inside the patches than in the healthy areas. Trichoderma isolates from the disease patches were more antagonistic than those from the healthy areas. These results suggest that disease caused by R. solani AG 2-2 induced changes in genetic and physiological structure of microbial populations and development of antagonists. The decreased conduciveness inside the patches may help explain patch mobility in the following season.
The novel technologies in all areas of agriculture have improved agricultural production, but some modern practices affect the environment. The recent challenge faced by advanced farming is to achieve higher yields in environment-friendly manner. Thus, there is an immediate need to find eco-friendly solutions such as wider application of biocontrol agents. Among various types of species being used as biocontrol agents, including fungi and bacteria, fungal genus Trichoderma produces different kinds of enzymes which play a major role in biocontrol activity like degradation of cell wall, tolerance to biotic or abiotic stresses, hyphal growth etc. The understanding of filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma has continuously evolved since last two decades, from the simple concepts of biocontrol agents to their recently established role as symbionts with different beneficial effects to the plants. Recent findings from structural and functional genomics approaches suggest the additional use of these microbes as model to study mechanisms involved in multiple player interactions that is, microbes-microbes-plant-environment. In this work, historical development of Trichoderma spp., mode of action against different biological agents, potential applications and recent mass production techniques are summarized and discussed in detail with updated advances with their application in the agriculture and sustainable environment.
Molecular Identification of Rhizosphere Trichoderma spp. and Their Antagonistic Impact Against Some Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Molecular Identification of Rhizosphere Trichoderma spp. and Their Antagonistic Impact Against Some Plant Pathogenic FungiThe main aim of this study was to molecular identification and determine the antagonistic impact of rhizosphere Trichoderma spp. against some phytopathogenic fungi, including (Magnaporthe grisea) pyricularia oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phasolina. Four Trichoderma isolates were isolated from rhizosphere soils of the different host plants in different locations of Egyptian governorates. The morphological characterization of isolated Trichoderma as well as using of (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) ribosomal gene sequence acquisition and data analyses. By comparing the results of DNA sequences of ITS region, the fungi represented one isolate were positively identified as T. asperellum (1 isolate T1) and one as T. longibrachiatum (1 isolate T2) and two as Trichoderma harzianum (2 isolates T3 and T4). The results showed similarity value of (5.8S-ITS) region sequence of the two isolates, T1 (T. asperellum) and T2 (T. longibrachiatum) of (99%, 99%), respectively. The similarity value of (5.8S-ITS) region sequence with isolates of T3, T4 (T. harzianum) of (99%). On the other side, the results of molecular identification of phytopathogenic fungi represented high similarity value of (5.8S-ITS) region sequence and were identified as P.oryzae, R. solani and M. phasolina (99, 96 and 99%) respectively. Variations and genetic relationships among 4 Trichoderma isolates were investigated by using the Rapid Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles using ten random primers. All Trichoderma isolates were assessed for their antagonistic impact on phytopathogens P. oryzae, R. solani and M. phasolina. Though T. harzianum isolates were more affects than T. longibrachiatum and T. asperellum isolates, the percent inhibitory effect among T. harzianum isolates were vary much (44.8 to 91.6%). The inhibitory effect of T. asperellum isolates ranged from 42.2 to (86.0%), while T. longibrachiatum exhibiting affect ranged between (47.5%) to (83.8%).
Annual Review of Phytopathology
Trichoderma Research in the Genome Era2013 •
Fungal Biology
Characterization of field isolates of Trichoderma antagonistic against Rhizoctonia solani2010 •
SpringerPlus
Identification, characterization and phylogenetic analysis of antifungal Trichoderma from tomato rhizosphere2016 •
Polish journal of microbiology / Polskie Towarzystwo Mikrobiologów = The Polish Society of Microbiologists
Biocontrol efficacy of different isolates of Trichoderma against soil borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani2014 •
Indian Journal of Microbiology
Isolation and Characterization of Trichoderma spp. for Antagonistic Activity Against Root Rot and Foliar Pathogens2012 •
BMC Genomics
Transcriptomic response of the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma atroviride to the presence of a fungal prey2009 •
2002 •
Journal of General Plant Pathology
Diversity of soil-dwelling Trichoderma in Colombia and their potential as biocontrol agents against the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary2013 •
2013 •
Tropical Plant Pathology
Trichoderma asperellum: A Dominant Endophyte Species in Cacao Grown in Sulawesi with Potential for Controlling Vascular Streak Dieback Disease2015 •
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Trichoderma spp. – application and prospects for use in organic farming and industry2014 •
Nature Reviews Microbiology
Trichoderma species — opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts2004 •
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Marine Isolates of Trichoderma spp. as Potential Halotolerant Agents of Biological Control for Arid-Zone Agriculture2011 •
Biocontrol
Endophytic fungal entomopathogens with activity against plant pathogens: ecology and evolution2010 •
2000 •
2012 •
SciFed Journal of Mycology
Role of Intrageneric Competition in the Performance of Trichoderma Based Biofungicides2018 •
Advances in Microbiology
Growth and Antagonism of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. and Conifer Pathogen <i>Heterobasidion annosum</i> s.l. <i>in Vitro</i> at Different Temperatures2012 •
Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Agricolas
Susceptibilidad y mecanismos de resistencia a insecticidas en Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc.) en Cohauila, México2012 •
Mycological Research
Histopathological studies of sclerotia of phytopathogenic fungi parasitized by a GFP transformed Trichoderma virens antagonistic strain2006 •