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This paper will describe the classifications of Bridge based on function, construction material, elevation, etc.
This paper targets to explain different types of bridges that exists and how they are benefit to countries economy. This paper explains different types of bridges and their applications. It also explains the need of a particular bridge at a particular place. Introduction: A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. There are many different designs that each serve a particular purpose and apply to different situations.
A raised structure that allows the movement of vehicles or pedestrians over an obstacle. Introduction For millennia bridges have been used to cross barriers, typically a river, stream, or valley, by using locally available materials, such as stones, timber. Originally, cut trees were simply placed across streams to allow crossing. Later, pieces of wood were lashed together to make the improvements in functionality of the bridges. Such bridges are known as frame bridges. Since these early times bridge engineering has evolved into a major discipline in itself, one that benefits from the advances made in other engineering disciplines, such as engineering geology, water resources engineering, geotechnical engineering, and structural engineering. Based on these disciplines, modern bridge engineering mainly deals with (a) planning, (b) analysis, (c) design, (d) construction, (e) maintenance, and (f) rehabilitation. In modern society, bridges facilitate in surface transportation for roads and railways and carry facilities such as water/ sewer supply pipelines or electric/telephone communication lines across streams or gorges. In congested city centers, flyovers/overbridges serve to cross roads without mixing of the traffic moving across in different directions. Therefore, they are an essential part of daily life that aids a prospering trade and commerce in a city. Maintenance and repair of bridges, therefore, has consequences on the economy of the region, which mandates finding technological solutions for increasing their longevity. Bridgesarecalledlifelinestructuresbecauseapartfromthe day-to-day services, during natural calamities such as earthquakesor floods,they facilitate in providing emergency relief by enabling supply of food, medicine, etc., into hazard affected areas. Typically, structural redundancy in bridges is relatively low.
2017 •
This study focuses on the detailed characterization of a significant share of the Portuguese roadway bridge stock to be used for macro-area seismic loss assessment purposes. The majority of the RC bridges and viaducts in Portugal have indeed never witnessed a major earthquake event hence their behaviour under such circumstances is rather unknown. As a result, a comprehensive understanding of the vulnerability of such structures is of utmost value. Starting from information on over 5’000 existing bridges, drawn from a representative database, the geometrical properties of the RC portion are statistically analysed with the aim of establishing a set of bridge classes. Subsequently, variability and uncertainty are modelled through a complete statistical characterization of the collected information. Moreover, a refinement of existing taxonomy schemes for bridges is herein proposed. The outcome of the present study can be used for the assessment of such a large bridge stock, being adopte...
In general a bridge project can be considered to have three major stages. They are, 1. Investigation stage 2. Design stage & 3. Construction stage Unlike the building structure constructions, bridge projects require an intensive investigation based on the feasibility, requirement or necessity, population benefited, economic development expected, topography, hydraulic data and soil characteristics prior to the approval and design stages. After all such investigations being over, the design stage commences. The design stage, consists of mainly three elements; hydraulic design, geometric design and structural design. Hydraulic design accounts for calculation of flood discharge, scour action near the bridge supporting structures, characteristics of river channel to fix the level of the bridge, clear water way of the bridge and thus the bridge spans. Foundation depth based on hydraulic characteristics is also a point to be considered. In geometric design, vertical and horizontal alignment and curvatures required are to be established. Traffic flow characteristics, projected traffic over one or two decades are to be considered. Thus the geometric design concerns more with transportation engineering point of view. Structural design involves the selection of component types and providing an economical solution for the purpose intended based on strength and serviceability point of view. At the end of design stage estimations, drawings and approvals are vital roles to be performed. At the construction stage, one cannot start the construction of bridge all of a sudden without certain preparatory works. Apart from primary construction surveys, river training works, coffer dam construction, approaches for machinery and equipments, storage and security for materials are important elements of bridge project under construction stage. Material and manpower management are also vital tasks for construction managers at this stage. There are design specific and bridge type specific construction technologies that could be adopted at this stage (like slip form, cantilever form techniques etc.). 2.3 DESIGN OBJECTIVES The general objective of bridge design is to provide economic, viable and safe solution to cross an obstacle such as river, valley and other traffic flow, by means of proper selection of site, material, type, technology and design. Specific objectives can be listed as follows: 1. to provide economic, strong and durable design of bridge 2. to provide the shortest structure across the obstacle 3. to forecast and decide the expected traffic flow in the future decades to come and to finalize the structural dimensions 4. to study the hydraulic data and fix economic spans for the bridge superstructure 5. to include applicable load combinations to design the structural components with the help of appropriate design code DESIGN WORKING LIFE Concrete, stone and steel bridges shall be designed for 100 years working life. Concrete and Steel culverts with an opening or diameter less than 2.0 m and all timber bridges shall be designed for 50 years working life.
NSW Roads and Maritime Services manage 26 movable span bridges of which 11 are still operational. These bridges were the subject of a recently completed study undertaken jointly by RMS and GHD Newcastle which focused on the components of each bridge for the purposes of detailed heritage assessment, conservation and operational enhancement. The majority of bridges within the study can be broadly categorized as the bascule or vertical lift type. Detailed assessment has led to the recognition of particular subtypes within these broader groupings. This paper will explore the international origins of movable span bridges and detail the defining characteristics of these subtypes and suggest a new naming convention for each.
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