Tooth whitening has become one of the most popular dental procedures among the general public. The public has been influenced by the portrayal of perfect white smiles in the media and come to demand whiter, more perfect smiles and in response many choices for tooth whitening have been made available. Teeth whitening can be accomplished in a variety of ways, each with its unique mechanism of action. The effectiveness of these various procedures is determined by the type of tooth discoloration being addressed. These include homebased products such as toothpastes, gels, and films, as well as in-office based systems where products containing highly concentrated bleaching agents are applied under professional supervision. Tooth whitening is any process that lightens the colour of a tooth. Whitening may be accomplished by physical removal of the stain or a chemical reaction to lighten the tooth colour. Bleaching is defined here as the chemical degradation of the chromogens. New products and techniques that are less invasive to dental tissues are now being used to fulfil rising patient demands for aesthetics.

SUMMARY Patients are sometimes blamed for a reduced effect of bleaching when they do not adhere to a dentist's prescribed white diet. This study aimed to determine whether a white diet is necessary by evaluating the effects of coffee, tea, wine, and dark fruits on the potential tooth whitening during the bleaching process. Each of the effects of discoloration was categorized as “yes” or “no” based on a patient questionnaire. Data from five published studies were included in the analyses. Outcomes were based on the color change between baseline and the end of bleaching. The relationships between color changes were measured subjectively and objectively. A nonwhite diet was not significantly associated with less tooth whitening, and there was only a weak positive association between tooth whitening and diet for subjects who drank large amounts of coffee/tea.

Tooth bleaching has become the first clinical option in reversing chromatic changes. This study evaluated the efficiency of four different approaches for home-based chemically induced tooth whitening. 32 patients were randomly distributed into four groups (n=8), according to the bleaching technique performed: G1: control group – at-home dental bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (Whiteness Perfect/FGM) delivered in a customized tray, G2: teeth whitening pen containing hydrogen peroxide (Walgreens), G3: night-time whitening gel (CVS) containing hydrogen peroxide and G4: whitening strips (3D White Oral B) containing 10% hydrogen peroxide. Chromatic changes (ΔE) were collected at baseline and at the middle and end of the treatment, using a digital spectrophotometer (EasyShade – Vita). Tooth sensitivity, gingival irritation, and degree of satisfaction were also recorded. The comparison between the average ΔE means, considering the final and initial values, revealed a statistically sig...

In recent years aesthetic appearance has become the public concern including the orofacial appearances for social, psychological, occupational and for other reasons. The beautiful teeth are very influential for individual appearances because the teeth are the most prominent element when someone is smiling, talking or laughing. Tooth whitenting has now become more common and patient preferred procedure. Any abnormalities of tooth can diminish the beauty of a smile in the form of malposition and discolouration.

A systematic review was performed to evaluate whether whitening toothpastes promote tooth whitening when compared to the use of conventional (nonbleaching) dentifrices. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42017065132) and is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Electronic systematic searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were conducted for published articles. Only randomized clinical trials in adults that compared the use of so-called whitening dentifrices to the use of nonwhitening dentifrices were selected. The outcome was tooth color change. Twenty-two articles from 703 data sources met the eligibility criteria. After title and abstract screening, 16 studies remained, after which a further five studies were excluded. In total, nine studies were qualitatively analyzed. Significant differences in tooth color change were found between the groups using whitening dentifrices and those using nonwhitening dentifric...