ȺɧɚȻɚɬɪɢʄɟɜɢʄ
ɍȾɄ
ɋɬɪɭɱɧɢɱɥɚɧɚɤ
ɄɊɂȼɂɑɇɈɉɊȺȼɇȺɊȿȺɄɐɂȳȺɇȺɇȿɁȺɄɈɇɂɌ
ɉɊɈɆȿɌɁȺɒɌɂȶȿɇɂɆɀɂȼɈɌɂȵɋɄɂɆ
ȼɊɋɌȺɆȺ
GRLVSP%
Ⱥɩɫɬɪɚɤɬ
ɇɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɨ ɭɧɨɲɟʃɟ ɢɡɧɨɲɟʃɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɨɞɚʁɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɧɚ
ɠɢɜɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɦɪɬɜɢɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɟ ɫɦɚɬɪɚʁɭɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɦɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɫɤɢɦɜɪɫɬɚɦɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜʂɚɝɥɨɛɚɥɧɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢ ɨɡɛɢʂɧɭ ɩɪɟɬʃɭ ɡɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɭ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɭ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɟ ɤɚɨ ʃɟɧ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɧɢɞɟɨɈɫɢɦɲɬɨɩɨɜɪɟɻɭʁɟɢɥɢɭɝɪɨɠɚɜɚɞɨɛɪɨɛɢɬɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚɢɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɟɠɢɜɨɬɧɟɫɪɟɞɢɧɟɬɚɤɜɨɩɨɧɚɲɚʃɟɩɨɜɟɡɚɧɨʁɟɢɫɚ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɧɢɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɦɚ ɤɚɨ ɲɬɨ ɫɭ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬ ɥɨɜ
ɥɨɜɨɤɪɚɻɚ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɨ ɩɨɫɟɞɨɜɚʃɟ ɨɪɭɠʁɚ ɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢʁɟ ɜɪɲɟʃɟ
ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɟɥɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ ɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɩɨɪɟɫɤɚ ɟɜɚɡɢʁɚ ɢ ɤɨɪɭɩɰɢʁɚ ɒɬɚɜɢɲɟ ɨɜɚ ɩɨʁɚɜɚ ɱɟɫɬɨ ɩɨɩɪɢɦɚ ɢ ɨɛɟɥɟɠʁɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɝɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɢɬɟɬɚȺɭɬɨɪɧɚɫɬɨʁɢɞɚɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɟɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɟɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɟɪɟɚɤɰɢʁɟɧɚɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɩɪɨɦɟɬ
ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɫɤɢɦ ɜɪɫɬɚɦɚ ɤɚɤɨ ɭ ɜɚɠɟʄɟɦ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɦ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɭɊɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɟɋɪɛɢʁɟɬɚɤɨɢɭɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɭɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ
ɩɪɚɜɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɚɬɚ ɤɚɨ ɲɬɨ ʁɟ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɚ ɨ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɬɭ ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɦ ɜɪɫɬɚɦɚ ɞɢɜʂɟ ɮɚɭɧɟ ɢ ɮɥɨɪɟ Ɍɚɤɨɻɟ ɚɭɬɨɪ ɪɚɡȺɧɚ Ȼɚɬɪɢʄɟɜɢʄ ʁɟ ɢɫɬɪɚɠɢɜɚɱ – ɫɚɪɚɞɧɢɤ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɡɚ ɤɪɢɦɢɧɨɥɨɲɤɚ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɲɤɚ
ɢɫɬɪɚɠɢɜɚʃɚɭȻɟɨɝɪɚɞɭ
203
ɋɊɉɋɄȺɉɊȺȼɇȺɆɂɋȺɈ
ɦɚɬɪɚ ɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɧɚ ɪɟɲɟʃɚ ɢɡ ɢɡɜɨɪɚ ɭɩɨɪɟɞɧɨɝ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɤɚɨ ɦɨɝɭʄɟ
ɭɡɨɪɟ ɢ ɫɦɟɪɧɢɰɟ ɡɚ ɟɮɢɤɚɫɧɢʁɭ ɢɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɭ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɚɭɨɜɨʁɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
Ʉʂɭɱɧɟ ɪɢʁɟɱɢ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ ɞɨɛɪɨ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɚ ɨ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɬɭ ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɦ ɜɪɫɬɚɦɚ ɞɢɜʂɟ ɮɚɭɧɟ ɢ ɮɥɨɪɟ
ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɞɟɥɨɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɭɜɨɡɢɢɡɜɨɡɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɥɨɜ
ɍȼɈȾ
ɏɜɚɬɚʃɟ ɞɢɜʂɢɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ ɭ ɤɨɦɟɪɰɢʁɚɥɧɟ ɫɜɪɯɟ ʁɟɞɚɧ ʁɟ ɨɞ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɧɢɲɬɚɜɚʃɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɢɲɬɚ ɭ ɧɚʁɜɟʄɨʁ ɦɟɪɢ
ɞɨɩɪɢɧɨɫɢʃɢɯɨɜɨɦɢɫɬɪɟɛʂɟʃɭ Ɂɛɨɝɬɨɝɚʁɟɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɩɪɨɦɟɬɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɫɤɢɯ ɜɪɫɬɚ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɞɪɟɞɛɚɦɚ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɨ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɬɭɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɦɜɪɫɬɚɦɚɞɢɜʂɟɮɥɨɪɟɢɮɚɭɧɟ CITES ɢɡɝɨɞɢɧɟ,
ɩɪɟɩɨɡɧɚɬ ɨɞ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɍʁɟɞɢʃɟɧɢɯ ɧɚɰɢʁɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɫɤɟ ɭɧɢʁɟ ɢ ɂɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɚ
ɤɚɨ ʁɟɞɚɧ ɨɞ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝ ɡɥɨɱɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ
International Environmental Crime 2 ɂɚɤɨ ʁɟ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɧɚ ɫɤɭɩɲɬɢɧɚ
ɍʁɟɞɢʃɟɧɢɯ ɧɚɰɢʁɚ, ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɩɪɨɝɥɚɫɢɥɚ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬ ɩɪɨɦɟɬ ɞɢɜʂɨɦɜɪɫɬɚɦɚɨɛɥɢɤɨɦɨɡɛɢʂɧɨɝɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɝɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɢɬɟɬɚ3 ɦɧɨɝɟɡɟɦʂɟʁɨɲɭɥɚɠɭɩɪɢɥɢɱɧɨɫɤɪɨɦɧɟɧɚɩɨɪɟɧɚɩɨʂɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɦɚ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɨɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɯɜɚɬɚʃɚ
ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɚɰɚ ɤɨʁɢ ɬɚʁ ɩɪɨɦɟɬ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɲɭ ɭɡ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢʁɚɥɧɭɞɨɛɢɬ
Ʉɚɨ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɚ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɚ ɞɟɥɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɬɚɤɜɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚʃɟ ɱɟɫɬɨ ɫɟ ɫɦɚɬɪɚ Äɡɥɨɱɢɧɨɦ ɛɟɡ ɠɪɬɜɟ³ victimless crime) ɢ ɡɛɨɝ
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Jane Holden, By Hook or by Crook – a reference manual on illegal wildlife trade and prosecutions in the
United Kingdom, 7KH5R\DO6RFLHW\IRUWKH3URWHFWLRQRI%LUGV7KH/RGJH6DQG\%HGV8.
Environmental Crime – A Threat to our Future eds. 0 5LFH et al (QYLURQPHQWDO ,QYHVWLJDWLRQ
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Ɉ ɩɨʁɦɭ Äɞɟɥɚ ɛɟɡ ɠɪɬɜɟ³ victimless crime ɜɢɞ ȭɨɪɻɟ ɂɝʃɚɬɨɜɢʄ Ʉɪɢɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢʁɚ ɉɪɚɜɧɢ
ɮɚɤɭɥɬɟɬɍɧɢɜɟɪɡɢɬɟɬɚɭȻɟɨɝɪɚɞɭɐɟɧɬɚɪɡɚɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢʁɟȻɟɨɝɪɚɞ
ȺɧɚȻɚɬɪɢɱɟɜɢʄɄɊɂȼɂɑɇɈɉɊȺȼɇȺɊȿȺɄɐɂȳȺɇȺɇȿɁȺɄɈɇɂɌɉɊɈɆȿɌ ...
ɬɨɝɚɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɨɫɬɚɜʂɚɭɞɪɭɝɢɩɥɚɧɆɟɻɭɬɢɦɩɨɫɥɟɞɢɰɟɨɜɢɯɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɯɞɟɥɚɩɨɫɬɚʁɭɫɜɟɜɢɞʂɢɜɢʁɟɛɭɞɭʄɢɞɚɭɤɪɚʁʃɨʁɢɧɫɬɚɧɰɢɩɨɝɚɻɚʁɭɟɤɨɧɨɦɫɤɢɪɚɡɜɨʁɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɢɯɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɰɚɚɫɚɦɢɦɬɢɦɢɦɢɪɛɟɡɛɟɞɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɩɨɲɬɨɜɚʃɟ ʂɭɞɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɭ ɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɞɟɥɨɜɢɦɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ Ɂɚɯɜɚʂɭʁɭʄɢ ɫɜɨʁɨʁ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɪɟɩɥɟɬɚɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɦ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɦ
ɞɟɥɢɦɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ, ɩɨɩɭɬ ɭɛɢʁɚʃɚ ɢ ɡɥɨɫɬɚɜʂɚʃɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɨɝ ɥɨɜɚ ɢ ɪɢɛɨɥɨɜɚ ɚɥɢ ɢ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɦ ɞɟɥɢɦɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ
ɠɢɜɨɬɚ ɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɢɦ ɞɪɠɚʃɟɦ ɨɪɭɠʁɚ ɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢʁɟ ɩɨɪɟɫɤɨɦ
ɟɜɚɡɢʁɨɦ ɩɪɚʃɟɦ ɧɨɜɰɚ ɢ ɤɨɪɭɩɰɢʁɨɦ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬ ɩɪɨɦɟɬ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɦ
ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɫɤɢɦ ɜɪɫɬɚɦɚ ɧɨɫɢ ɫɚ ɫɨɛɨɦ ɢɡɭɡɟɬɧɨ ɜɢɫɨɤ ɧɢɜɨ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɟ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
Ʉɪɢɜɢɱɧɚɞɟɥɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɠɢɜɨɬɧɟɫɪɟɞɢɧɟɬɪɟɧɭɬɧɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜʂɚʁɭɧɚʁɩɪɨɮɢɬɚɛɢɥɧɢʁɢ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɧɚ ɫɟ ɱɟɫɬɨ ɜɪɲɟ ɨɞ
ɫɬɪɚɧɟɱɢɬɚɜɢɯɦɪɟɠɚɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɧɢɯɝɪɭɩɚɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯɧɚɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɦ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɦ ɧɢɜɨɭ ɤɨʁɟ ɞɟɥɭʁɭ ɭ ɫɚɪɚɞʃɢ ɫɚ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɢɦ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɢɦɚɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɢɯɞɪɠɚɜɧɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɋɚɪɚɞʃɚɢɡɦɟɻɭɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɧɢɯɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚɜɥɚɫɬɢɨɫɨɛɢɬɨɞɨɥɚɡɢɞɨɢɡɪɚɠɚʁɚɭ
ɫɥɭɱɚʁɭɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɨɝɭɜɨɡɚɨɞɧɨɫɧɨɢɡɜɨɡɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɤɚɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɯɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɫɤɢɯɜɪɫɬɚɈɧɚɫɟɭɝɥɚɜɧɨɦɨɝɥɟɞɚɭɞɨɩɭɲɬɚʃɭ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɨ ɢɥɢɱɚɤ
ɨɦɨɝɭʄɚɜɚʃɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɱɢɧɢɨɰɢɦɚ ɞɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭʁɭ ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɢɡɜɟɡɭ
ʁɟɞɢɧɤɟɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɯɜɪɫɬɚɭɩɪɤɨɫɧɟɩɨɫɟɞɨɜɚʃɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɢɯɞɨɡɜɨɥɚɢɥɢ
ɢɭɮɚɥɫɢɮɢɤɨɜɚʃɭɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɯɢɫɩɪɚɜɚɭɡɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɭɧɨɜɱɚɧɭɧɚɞɨɤɧɚɞɭ ɬɟ ɫɟ ɨɜɨ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨ ɞɟɥɨ ɭ ɬɨɦ ɫɦɢɫɥɭ ɫɦɚɬɪɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɦ Äɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɨɪɭɩɰɢʁɟ³ ɍ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ ɩɪɟɩɨɪɭɤɚ ɭɫɜɨʁɟɧɢɯ ɨɞ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)ɤɨʁɟɆɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɦɨɧɟɬɚɪɧɢɮɨɧɞ
ɢɋɜɟɬɫɤɚɛɚɧɤɚɩɪɢɡɧɚʁɭɤɚɨɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɟɡɚɫɭɡɛɢʁɚʃɟ
ɩɪɚʃɚɧɨɜɰɚɢɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɚʃɚɬɟɪɨɪɢɡɦɚɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɚɞɟɥɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɠɢɜɨɬɧɟ
ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟɭɤʂɭɱɟɧɚɫɭɭɝɪɭɩɭɨɧɢɯɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɯɞɟɥɚɤɨʁɚɱɟɫɬɨɩɪɟɬɯɨɞɟ
ɩɪɚʃɭɧɨɜɰɚ
05LFH,
Ibid., 2
Ibid, 3
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ɋɊɉɋɄȺɉɊȺȼɇȺɆɂɋȺɈ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɤɢɩɨɞɚɰɢɩɨɤɚɡɭʁɭɞɚʁɟɭɊɟɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɋɪɛɢʁɢɧɚɝɥɨɩɨɜɟʄɚɧɛɪɨʁɩɪɢʁɚɜʂɟɧɢɯɥɢɰɚɡɚɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɞɟɥɨɭɧɢɲɬɟʃɚɨɲɬɟʄɟʃɚɢɡɧɨɲɟʃɚ ɭ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɭɧɨɲɟʃɚ ɭ ɋɪɛɢʁɭ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɨɝ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝ
ɞɨɛɪɚȾɨɤʁɟɬɚʁɛɪɨʁɭɝɨɞɢɧɢɢɡɧɨɫɢɨɬɪɢɧɚɟɫɬɭɢ
ɫɜɟɝɚʁɟɞɚɧ ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨɞɜɚɭɝɨɞɢɧɢɫɭɩɪɢʁɚɜʂɟɧɚɱɚɤɞɟɜɟɞɟɫɟɬ
ɢɬɪɢɭɱɢɧɢɨɰɚ ɨɜɨɝɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝɞɟɥɚɂɩɚɤɛɢɥɨɛɢɩɪɟɭɪɚʃɟɧɨɢɡɬɨɝɚ ɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɡɚɤʂɭɱɤɟ ɨ ɬɪɟɧɞɭ ɩɨɪɚɫɬɚ ɛɪɨʁɚ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɚ ɜɪɲɟʃɚ ɨɜɨɝ
ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɞɟɥɚ ɭ ɧɚɲɨʁ ɡɟɦʂɢ ɋɚ ɞɪɭɝɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɩɨɜɟʄɚɧ ɛɪɨʁ ɩɪɢʁɚɜʂɟɧɢɯɥɢɰɚɦɨɝɚɨ ɛɢ ɭɤɚɡɢɜɚɬɢɢɧɚɩɪɨɦɟɧɭɭɫɦɢɫɥɭɩɨɞɢɡɚʃɚɧɢɜɨɚ
ɧɚɲɟɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɟɫɜɟɫɬɢɨɡɧɚɱɚʁɭɨɱɭɜɚʃɚɢɡɚɲɬɢɬɟɠɢɜɨɬɧɟɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ
ɚ ɧɚɪɨɱɢɬɨ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɫɤɢɯ ɜɪɫɬɚ ɤɚɨ ʃɟɧɨɝ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɧɨɝ
ɞɟɥɚ
ɆȿȭɍɇȺɊɈȾɇɂȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌɂɈȾɁɇȺɑȺȳȺɁȺ
ɋɍɁȻɂȳȺȵȿɇȿɁȺɄɈɇɂɌɈȽɉɊɈɆȿɌȺ
ɁȺɒɌɂȶȿɇɂɆɀɂȼɈɌɂȵɋɄɂɆȼɊɋɌȺɆȺ
ɍɜɢɻɚʃɟ ɡɧɚɱɚʁɚ ɨɱɭɜɚʃɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɡɚ ɨɩɫɬɚɧɚɤ ɱɢɬɚɜɨɝ
ɱɨɜɟɱɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɨ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɤɨɫɟɠɧɢɯ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɟɤɨɥɨɲɤɢɯ ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɢɯ, ɚɥɢ ɢ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢʁɚɥɧɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɢɰɚ ɭɛɪɡɚɧɨɝ ɢɲɱɟɡɚɜɚʃɚ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɢɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɫɤɢɯ ɜɪɫɬɚ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɤɥɨ ʁɟ ɭɫɜɚʁɚʃɟ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɢɡɜɨɪɚ ɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɡɚ ɫɭɡɛɢʁɚʃɟ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɨɝ ɩɪɨɦɟɬɚ
ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɦ ɜɪɫɬɚɦɚ ɞɢɜʂɟ ɮɚɭɧɟ Ʉɚɨ ɧɚʁɡɧɚɱɚʁɧɢʁɚ ɩɪɚɜɧɚ ɚɤɬɚ ɢɡ
ɨɜɟɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɭɫɜɨʁɟɧɚ ɩɨɞɨɤɪɢʂɟɦɈɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢʁɟɍʁɟɞɢʃɟɧɢɯɧɚɰɢʁɚ
ɢɡɞɜɚʁɚʁɭ ɫɟ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɚ ɨ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɬɭ ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɯ ɜɪɫɬɚ
ɞɢɜʂɟ ɮɚɭɧɟ ɢ ɮɥɨɪɟ ɢɡ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɢ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɚ ɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɲɤɨʁ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɤɢ ɛɢɥɬɟɧ – ɉɭɧɨɥɟɬɧɢ ɭɱɢɧɢɨɰɢ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɟɥɚ – ɉɪɢʁɚɜɟ ɨɩɬɭɠɟʃɚ ɢ ɨɫɭɞɟ –
ɛɪ ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɤɢɛɢɥɬɟɧ) ɊɟɩɭɛɥɢɱɤɢɡɚɜɨɞɡɚɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɭȻɟɨɝɪɚɞ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɤɢɛɢɥɬɟɧ ɛɪȻɟɨɝɪɚɞ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɤɢɛɢɥɬɟɧ ɛɪȻɟɨɝɪɚɞ
ɋɚɨɩɲɬɟʃɟ Äɉɭɧɨɥɟɬɧɢ ɭɱɢɧɢɨɰɢ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɟɥɚ ɭ Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɰɢ ɋɪɛɢʁɢ ³ ɛɪ
ɊɟɩɭɛɥɢɱɤɢɡɚɜɨɞɡɚɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɭȻɟɨɝɪɚɞ
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ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɤɨʁɟ ʁɟ Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɋɪɛɢʁɚ
ɪɚɬɢɮɢɤɨɜɚɥɚ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɤɚɨ ɢ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɚ ɨ ɨɱɭɜɚʃɭ
ɦɢɝɪɚɬɨɪɧɢɯɜɪɫɬɚɞɢɜʂɢɯɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚɢɡɝɨɞɢɧɟɤɨʁɭʁɟɧɚɲɚ
ɡɟɦʂɚ ɩɨɬɜɪɞɢɥɚ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ Ɉɞ ɩɪɚɜɧɢɯ ɚɤɚɬɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɝ
ɤɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɭɫɜɨʁɟɧɢɯ ɩɨɞ ɨɤɪɢʂɟɦ ɋɚɜɟɬɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɧɚʁɡɧɚɱɚʁɧɢʁɟ ɫɭ
Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɚ ɨ ɨɱɭɜɚʃɭ ɟɜɪɨɩɫɤɟ ɞɢɜʂɟ ɮɥɨɪɟ ɢ ɮɚɭɧɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ
ɫɬɚɧɢɲɬɚ ɭɫɜɨʁɟɧɚ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ȿɜɪɨɩɫɤɚ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɚ ɨ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɢ
ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ ɭ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɜɨɡɭ ɢɡ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɤɨʁɭ ʁɟ ɧɚɲɚ
ɡɟɦʂɚɪɚɬɢɮɢɤɨɜɚɥɚɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɢɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɚɨɡɚɲɬɢɬɢɠɢɜɨɬɧɟ
ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɩɪɚɜɚ20 ɢɡ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɤɨʁɭ ɧɚɲɚ ɡɟɦʂɚ
ʁɨɲɧɢʁɟɩɨɬɜɪɞɢɥɚ
Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɨɦɨɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɩɪɨɦɟɬɭɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɯɜɪɫɬɚɞɢɜʂɟɮɚɭɧɟɢɮɥɨɪɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɫɚɧʁɟɩɪɨɦɟɬɨɞɧɨɫɧɨɢɡɜɨɡɭɜɨɡɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɢɪɟɟɤɫɩɨɪɬɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɢɯɜɪɫɬɚɞɢɜʂɟɮɚɭɧɟɢɮɥɨɪɟɤɨʁɟɫɭɬɚɤɫɚɬɢɜɧɨɧɚɛɪɨʁɚɧɟ ɭ ɬɪɢ ɚɧɟɤɫɚ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ Ɉɧɚ ɫɚɞɪɠɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟʃɚ ɭ ɩɨɝɥɟɞɭ ɩɪɨ-
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ɮɥɨɪɟ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɥɢɫɬ ɋɊȳ – Ɇɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢ ɭɝɨɜɨɪɢ ɛɪ ɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɩɨɬɜɪɻɢɜɚʃɭ
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ȼɢɞɱɥɢCITES
ɋɊɉɋɄȺɉɊȺȼɇȺɆɂɋȺɈ
ɦɟɬɚ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɦ ɛɢʂɧɢɦ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɫɤɢɦ ɜɪɫɬɚɦɚ ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɞɨɡɜɨʂɚɜɚ
ɬɚɤɚɜ ɩɪɨɦɟɬ ɩɨɞ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɦɚ, ɭɤɨɥɢɤɨ ɨɧ ɧɢʁɟ ɲɬɟɬɚɧ ɡɚ
ʃɢɯɨɜ ɨɩɫɬɚɧɚɤ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɨɦ ʁɟ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɫɚɧ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢɡɞɚɜɚʃɚ
ɞɨɡɜɨɥɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɜɪɞɚ ɡɚ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɬɪɝɨɜɢɧɭ22 ɭɡ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɢɜɚʃɟ ɞɪɠɚɜɚ
ɩɨɬɩɢɫɧɢɰɚ ɞɚ ɫɜɨʁɢɦ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɦ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɢɦɚ ɨɞɪɟɞɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɧɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɟ
ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɟɡɚɢɡɞɚɜɚʃɟɬɢɯɢɫɩɪɚɜɚɢɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɫɬɪɭɱɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɟɡɚɞɭɠɟɧɟɡɚ
ɞɚɜɚʃɟɩɪɟɬɯɨɞɧɢɯɦɢɲʂɟʃɚɭɜɟɡɢɫɚɬɢɦ23
CITES Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɭʁɟɞɨɫɚɞɚɪɚɬɢɮɢɤɨɜɚɥɨɡɟɦɚʂɚɚɥɢɫɟɨɧɚ
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɤɢ ɩɪɢɦɟʃɭʁɟɢɭɨɞɧɨɫɭɧɚɞɪɠɚɜɟɤɨʁɟʁɟɧɢɫɭɩɨɬɜɪɞɢɥɟ
Ⱦɪɠɚɜɟ ɱɥɚɧɢɰɟ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɧɟ ɫɭ ɞɚ ɢɡɦɟɻɭ ɨɫɬɚɥɨɝ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɦɭ
ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɟɦɟɪɟɡɚɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɟʃɟɧɢɯɨɞɪɟɞɛɢɢɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɜɚʃɟɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ
ɩɪɨɦɟɬɚ ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɭɜɨɡɚ ɢɡɜɨɡɚ ɢ ɪɟɟɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɭɧɨɲɟʃɚ ɢɡ ɦɨɪɚ
ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɯɜɪɫɬɚɧɚɧɚɱɢɧɤɨʁɢɦɫɟɬɟɨɞɪɟɞɛɟɤɪɲɟ Ɍɨɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɢ
ɤɚɠʃɚɜɚʃɟ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɨɝ ɩɪɨɦɟɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɟɞɨɜɚʃɚ ɬɚɤɨ ɩɪɢɛɚɜʂɟɧɢɯ
ʁɟɞɢɧɤɢɢʃɢɯɨɜɨɨɞɭɡɢɦɚʃɟɢɜɪɚʄɚʃɟɞɪɠɚɜɢɢɡɜɨɡɚ ɢɥɢɩɪɟɬɯɨɞɧɨ
ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɨɦɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɢɥɢɲɬɭ
ɋɜɚɤɚ ɨɞ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɩɨɬɩɢɫɧɢɰɚ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɧɚ ʁɟ ɞɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɜʂɚ
ɋɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɢʁɚɬɭɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɟɢɡɜɟɲɬɚʁɟɢɬɨ ɝɨɞɢɲʃɢɢɡɜɟɲɬɚʁɨɛɪɨʁɭɢɜɪɫɬɢɢɡɞɚɬɢɯɞɨɡɜɨɥɚɢɩɨɬɜɪɞɚɞɪɠɚɜɚɦɚɫɚɤɨʁɢɦɚ
ʁɟɬɚɤɚɜɩɪɨɦɟɬɨɫɬɜɚɪɟɧɛɪɨʁɭɜɪɫɬɢɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɢɢɩɨɥɭʁɟɞɢɧɤɢɤɨʁɟɫɭ
ɨɛɭɯɜɚʄɟɧɟ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɨɦ ɢ ɞɜɨɝɨɞɢɲʃɢ ɢɡɜɟɲɬɚʁ ɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɫɤɢɦ
ɪɟɝɭɥɚɬɢɜɧɢɦɢɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɦɦɟɪɚɦɚɩɪɟɞɭɡɟɬɢɦɭɰɢʂɭɫɩɪɨɜɨɻɟʃɚ ɨɞɪɟɞɚɛɚ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ30 ɇɚ ɬɚʁ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɭɫɩɨɫɬɚɜʂɚ ɫɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɧɟɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢʁɚɭɜɟɡɢɫɚɩɪɨɦɟɬɨɦɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɯɜɪɫɬɚɚɥɢɢɫɜɨʁɟɜɪɫɬɚɧɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɧɚɞɢɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɪɚʃɟɦɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ
22
23
30
ɑɥɫɬ-CITES
ɑɥɫɬɬɚɱ ɚɢɛCITES
ȼɢɞ &RQYHQWLRQ RQ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 7UDGH LQ (QGDQJHUHG 6SHFLHV RI :LOG )DXQD DQG )ORUD - /LVW RI
&RQWUDFWLQJ 3DUWLHɫ LQ DOSKDEHWLFDO RUGHU KWWSZZZFLWHVRUJHQJGLVFSDUWLHVDOSKDEHWSKS, asp,
ɫɟɩɬɟɦɛɚɪ
ȼɢɞ Ⱦɪɚɝɢɲɚ Ƚɚʁɢʄ ÄɁɧɚɱɚʁ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɚ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɨ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɬɭ ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɦ
ɜɪɫɬɚɦɚɞɢɜʂɟɮɚɭɧɟɢɮɥɨɪɟ(CITES³ɉɪɚɜɧɢɠɢɜɨɬ, ɛɪ. -
ɑɥ
ɑɥɫɬɬɚɱ ɚɢɛCITES
ɑɥɫɬɬɚɱ ɛCITES
ɑɥ, ɫɬ, ɬɚɱ ɚCITES
ɑɥ, ɫɬ, ɬɚɱ ɛCITES
ȺɧɚȻɚɬɪɢɱɟɜɢʄɄɊɂȼɂɑɇɈɉɊȺȼɇȺɊȿȺɄɐɂȳȺɇȺɇȿɁȺɄɈɇɂɌɉɊɈɆȿɌ ...
ɭ ɩɪɚɜɧɢɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢɦɚ ɱɥɚɧɢɰɚ Ɉɞɪɟɞɛɟ CITES Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜʂɚʁɭ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɧɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɟ ɲɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢ ɞɚ ʁɟ ɫɜɚɤɚ ɞrɠɚɜɚ ɩɨɬɩɢɫɧɢɰɚ
ɫɥɨɛɨɞɧɚɞɚɫɜɨʁɢɦɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɦɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦɩɪɨɩɢɲɟɫɬɪɨɠɟɦɟɪɟ
ɭɤʂɭɱɭʁɭʄɢ ɢ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɭ ɪɟɩɪɟɫɢʁɭ) ɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɦɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɬɚ
ɩɪɢɛɚɜʂɚʃɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ʁɟɞɢɧɤɢ ɜɪɫɬɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɭ ʃɨɦɟ ɨɛɭɯɜɚʄɟɧɟ
ɢɥɢ ɞɚ ɬɚɤɜɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɩɭɧɨ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɢ ɤɚɨ ɢ ɞɚ ɩɪɨɲɢɪɢ ɥɢɫɬɭ
ɜɪɫɬɚɞɢɜʂɟɮɥɨɪɟɢɮɚɭɧɟɧɚɤɨʁɟɛɢɫɟɬɟɦɟɪɟɨɞɧɨɫɢɥɟ
Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɨɦ ɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɲɤɨʁ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɚɤɧɭɬɚ ʁɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬ
ɩɪɟɞɜɢɻɚʃɚ ɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚʃɚ ɢ ɫɭɡɛɢʁɚʃɚ ɭɡɪɨɤɚ ɡɧɚɱɚʁɧɨɝ ɫɦɚʃɟʃɚ ɢɥɢ
ɝɭɛɢɬɤɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɦɚ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɢɡɜɨɪɭ Ɉɜɨɦ
ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɨɦɭɫɩɨɫɬɚɜʂɟɧɟɫɭɧɚɱɟɥɧɟɨɛɚɜɟɡɟɩɨɬɩɢɫɧɢɰɚɞɚɩɪɟɞɭɡɦɭ
ɧɟɨɩɯɨɞɧɟɤɨɪɚɤɟɭɩɪɚɜɰɭɭɧɚɩɪɟɻɟʃɚɡɚɲɬɢɬɟɟɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ
ɫɬɚɧɢɲɬɚ ɢ ɨɞɪɠɚʃɚ ɩɨɩɭɥɚɰɢʁɚ ɜɪɫɬɚ ɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨʁ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɢ32 ɤɚɨ ɢ
ɭɧɚɩɪɟɻɟʃɚ ɨɩɨɪɚɜɤɚ33ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɪɟɜɢɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɟ ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɯ ɜɪɫɬɚ ɢ ʃɢɯɨɜɨɝɩɨɧɨɜɧɨɝɧɚɫɟʂɚɜɚʃɚɭɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɚɫɬɚɧɢɲɬɚȵɟɧɟɱɥɚɧɢɰɟɨɛɚɜɟɡɭʁɭ ɫɟ ɞɚɪɚɡɜɢʁɭɢɨɞɪɠɚɜɚʁɭɡɚɤɨɧɫɤɟɢɞɪɭɝɟɪɟɝɭɥɚɬɨɪɧɟɨɞɪɟɞɛɟ
ɡɚɡɚɲɬɢɬɭɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɯɜɪɫɬɚɢɩɨɩɭɥɚɰɢʁɚ
Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɚɨɨɱɭɜɚʃɭɦɢɝɪɚɬɨɪɧɢɯɜɪɫɬɚɞɢɜʂɢɯɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚɭɤʂɭɱɭʁɭʄɢɢɨɧɟɦɢɝɪɚɬɢɪɧɟɜɪɫɬɟɤɨʁɟɫɟɫɦɚɪɚʁɭɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɦɨɞɧɨɫɧɨɤɨʁɟ
ɫɭ ɭ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɞ ɢɡɭɦɢɪɚʃɚ ɨɛɚɜɟɡɭʁɟ ɫɜɨʁɟ ɱɥɚɧɢɰɟ ɞɚ inter alia,
ɨɦɨɝɭʄɟɫɩɪɟɱɚɜɚʃɟɫɦɚʃɟʃɟɢɥɢɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɫɚʃɟɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɤɨʁɢɭɝɪɨɠɚɜɚʁɭɢɥɢɡɚɤɨʁɟʁɟɜɟɪɨɜɚɬɧɨɞɚʄɟɞɚʂɟɭɝɪɨɠɚɜɚɬɢɬɟɜɪɫɬɟɄɚɨʁɟɞɧɭ
ɨɞɦɟɪɚɤɨʁɟɞɪɠɚɜɟɬɪɟɛɚɞɚɩɪɟɞɭɡɦɭɭɬɨɦɩɪɚɜɰɭɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɚɢɡɪɢɱɢɬɨɧɚɜɨɞɢɢɫɬɪɨɝɭɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɭɭɧɨɲɟʃɚɟɝɡɨɬɢɱɧɢɯɜɪɫɬɚɲɬɨɫɜɚɤɚɤɨɦɨɠɟɞɨɩɪɢɧɟɬɢɨɬɤɪɢɜɚʃɭɢɫɭɡɛɢʁɚʃɭɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɨɝɩɪɨɦɟɬɚɢɫɬɢɯ
Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɚ ɡɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɩɪɚɜɚ
ɤɨʁɭ ɧɚɲɚ ɡɟɦʂɚ ʁɨɲ ɧɢʁɟ ɪɚɬɢɮɢɤɨɜɚɥɚ ɢɡɦɟɻɭ ɨɫɬɚɥɨɝ, ɨɛɚɜɟɡɭʁɟ
ɫɜɨʁɟɱɥɚɧɢɰɟɞɚɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɟɦɟɪɟɧɟɨɩɯɨɞɧɟɡɚɩɪɨɩɢɫɢɜɚʃɟ
32
33
ȼɢɞɱɥCITES
ɑɥ, ɫɬ, ɬɚɱ ɞɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɚɨɛɢɨɥɨɲɤɨʁɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɑɥ, ɫɬ, ɬɚɱ ɮ
ɑɥ, ɫɬ, ɬɚɱ ɰ
ɑɥ, ɫɬ, ɬɚɱ ɤ
ɑɥ, ɫɬɬɚɱ ɞɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɚɨɨɱɭɜɚʃɭɦɢɝɪɚɬɨɪɧɢɯɜɪɫɬɚɞɢɜʂɢɯɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ
ɑɥ, ɫɬ, ɬɚɱ ɜ
ɋɊɉɋɄȺɉɊȺȼɇȺɆɂɋȺɈ
ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɲɚʁɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɟ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɭɦɢɲʂɚʁɧɨ
ɢɥɢɧɟɯɚɬɧɨɩɪɟɞɭɡɢɦɚʃɟɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɨɝɩɨɫɟɞɨɜɚʃɚɩɪɢɫɜɚʁɚʃɚɨɲɬɟʄɟʃɚɭɛɢʁɚʃɚɢɥɢɩɪɨɦɟɬɚɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɯɜɪɫɬɚɞɢɜʂɟɮɥɨɪɟɢɮɚɭɧɟ
ɄɊɂȼɂɑɇɈȾȿɅɈɍɇɂɒɌȿȵȺɈɒɌȿȶȿȵȺ
ɂɁɇɈɒȿȵȺɍɂɇɈɋɌɊȺɇɋɌȼɈɂɍɇɈɒȿȵȺɍ
ɋɊȻɂȳɍɁȺɒɌɂȶȿɇɈȽɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɈȽȾɈȻɊȺ
ɇɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬ ɩɪɨɦɟɬ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɛɢʂɧɢɦ ɜɪɫɬɚɦɚ
ɢɧɤɪɢɦɢɧɢɫɚɧ ʁɟ ɭ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɋɪɛɢʁɟ ɭ
ɞɪɭɝɨɦɨɛɥɢɤɭɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝɞɟɥɚɭɧɢɲɬɟʃɚɨɲɬɟʄɟʃɚɢɡɧɨɲɟʃɚɭɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɭɧɨɲɟʃɚ ɭ ɋɪɛɢʁɭ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɨɝ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝ ɞɨɛɪɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɭɨɤɜɢɪɭɞɜɚɞɟɫɟɬɱɟɬɜɪɬɨɝɩɨɝɥɚɜʂɚɄɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝɡɚɤɨɧɢɤɚ
ɤɨʁɟ ʁɟ ɩɨɫɜɟʄɟɧɨ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɦ ɞɟɥɢɦɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ Ɉɜɚʁ
ɨɛɥɢɤ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɨɝ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɞɟɥɚ ɱɢɧɢ ɥɢɰɟ ɤɨʁɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɢɦɚ
ɢɡɜɟɡɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɧɟɫɟ ɭ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɭ ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɭɜɪɫɬɭɛɢʂɚɤɚɢɥɢɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚɢɥɢɭɜɟɡɟɢɥɢɭɧɟɫɟɭɋɪɛɢʁɭɫɬɪɚɧɭ
ɜɪɫɬɭ ɛɢʂɚɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɭ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɦ ɭɝɨɜɨɪɢɦɚ ɢɥɢ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɦɚ
Ɋɟɱʁɟɨɪɟɥɚɬɢɜɧɨɧɨɜɨʁɢɧɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɢɭɜɟɞɟɧɨʁɭɧɚɲɟɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨ
ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɤɨɧɫɬɭɩɚʃɚɧɚɫɧɚɝɭɄɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝɡɚɤɨɧɢɤɚɊɟɩɭɛɥɥɢɤɟɋɪɛɢʁɟ
ʁɚɧɭɚɪɚ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ Ɉɧɚ ʁɟ ɧɚɫɬɚɥɚ ɫɩɚʁɚʃɟɦ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɟɥɚ ɢɡ
ɱɥɚɧɚɚɢɱɥɚɧɚɛɄɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝɡɚɤɨɧɚɊɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɟɋɪɛɢʁɟɤɨʁɚɫɭ
ɛɢɥɚ ɫɜɪɫɬɚɧɚ ɭ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɚ ɞɟɥɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɩɪɢɜɪɟɞɟ ɢ ɧɚʁɩɪɟ ʁɟ ɨɛɭɯɜɚ-
ɑɥ, ɫɬɬɚɱ ɝ&RQYHQWLRQRQWKH3URWHFWLRQRIWKH(QYLURQPHQWWKURXJK&ULPLQDO/DZ
6WUDVERXUJ(XURSHDQ7UHDW\6HULHV1R
KWWSFRQYHQWLRQVFRHLQW7UHDW\HQWUHDWLHVKWPOKWP, asp, ɫɟɩɬɟɦɛɚɪ
ɑɥ Ʉɪɢɜɢɱɧɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɢɤ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ ɛɪ ɢ
ɄɁɊɋ
ɑɥɫɬ
Ɂɨɪɚɧ ɋɬɨʁɚɧɨɜɢʄ Ʉɨɦɟɧɬɚɪ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɡɚɤɨɧɢɤɚ ȳɚɜɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɟʄɟ Äɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ³
Ȼɟɨɝɪɚɞ
ɑɥ ɚ ɢ ɱɥ ɛ Ʉɪɢɜɢɱɧɢ ɡɚɤɨɧ Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɋɪɛɢʁɟ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ ɋɊɋ ɛɪ
- ɢɫɩɪ- ɢɫɩɪɢɢɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢɝɥɚɫɧɢɤɊɋ,
ȺɧɚȻɚɬɪɢɱɟɜɢʄɄɊɂȼɂɑɇɈɉɊȺȼɇȺɊȿȺɄɐɂȳȺɇȺɇȿɁȺɄɈɇɂɌɉɊɈɆȿɌ ...
ɬɚɥɚɫɚɦɨɭɧɢɲɬɟʃɟ ɨɲɬɟʄɟʃɟɢɢɡɧɨɲɟʃɟɭɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɨɝ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝ ɞɨɛɪɚ ɞɚ ɛɢ ɧɚɤɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɚ ɢ ɞɨɩɭɧɚ Ʉɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɡɚɤɨɧɢɤɚ
ɛɢɥɚ ɩɪɨɲɢɪɟɧɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɭɧɨɲɟʃɟ ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɭɜɨɡ ɭ Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɭ ɋɪɛɢʁɭ
ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɯɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯɞɨɛɚɪɚɢɡɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ
ɍ ɧɚʁɲɢɪɟɦ ɫɦɢɫɥɭ ɨɛʁɟɤɬ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɨɜɨɝ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɞɟɥɚ ɚ ɫɚɦɢɦ
ɬɢɦ ɢ ʃɟɝɨɜɨɝ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨɝ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ ʁɟɫɬɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɚ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɚ ɤɚɨ
ɫɤɭɩ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɯ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɢʁɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɢ ɦɟɻɭɫɨɛɧɢ
ɨɞɧɨɫɢ ɱɢɧɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɟʃɟ ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɟ ɡɚ ɠɢɜɨɬ ʂɭɞɢ ɍ
ɨɤɜɢɪɭ ɬɨɝɚ ɨɜɨɦ ɢɧɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢʁɨɦ ɧɚɫɬɨʁɟ ɫɟ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɢɬɢ ɨɧɟ ɜɪɫɬɟ
ɛɢʂɚɤɚɢɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚɤɨʁɟɫɟɫɦɚɬɪɚʁɭɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɦɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɦɞɨɛɪɢɦɚɭ
ɫɦɢɫɥɭɨɱɭɜɚɧɢɯɞɟɥɨɜɚɩɪɢɪɨɞɟɩɨɫɟɛɧɢɯɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢɢɨɞɥɢɤɚ ɭɨɜɨɦ
ɫɥɭɚʁɭɛɢɨɞɢɜɟɪɡɢɬɟɬɚ ɤɨʁɢɢɦɚʁɭɬɪɚʁɧɢɟɤɨɥɨɲɤɢɧɚɭɱɧɢɤɭɥɬɭɪɧɢ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɧɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɨ-ɪɟɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɢ ɬɭɪɢɫɬɢɱɤɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢ ɡɧɚɱɚʁ ɡɛɨɝ
ɱɟɝɚɤɚɨɞɨɛɪɚɨɞɨɩɲɬɟɝɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɭɠɢɜɚʁɭɩɨɫɟɛɧɭɡɚɲɬɢɬɭ
Ʉɨɞɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɛɥɢɤɚɨɛʁɟɤɬɪɚɞʃɟɩɪɢɥɚɝɨɻɟɧʁɟɪɚɞʃɢɢɡɜɪɲɟʃɚɬʁ
ɨɞɧɨɫɢ ɫɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɤɪɟɬɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɚ ɞɨɛɪɚ ɢ ɨɛɭɯɜɚɬɚ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɟɢɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɟɜɪɫɬɟɛɢʂɚɤɚɢɥɢɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚɢɫɬɪɚɧɟɜɪɫɬɟɛɢʂɚɤɚ
ɢɥɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɟ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɦ ɭɝɨɜɨɪɢɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɦɚ
ɉɪɢɥɢɤɨɦɨɞɪɟɻɢɜɚʃɚɨɛʁɟɤɬɚɪɚɞʃɟɧɚʁɜɢɲɟɞɨɥɚɡɢɞɨɢɡɪɚɠɚʁɚɛɥɚɧɤɟɬɧɢɤɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɜɨɝɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝɞɟɥɚɛɭɞɭʄɢɞɚʁɟɞɟɮɢɧɢɫɚʃɟɩɨʁɦɨɜɚ
ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɟ ɜɪɫɬɟ ɤɚɨ ɢ ɟɧɭɦɟɪɢɫɚʃɟ ɜɪɫɬɚ ɤɨʁɟ
ɬɚɤɚɜ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɩɨɫɟɞɭʁɭ ɩɪɟɩɭɲɬɟɧɨ ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɚɤɨɧɫɤɢɦ ɚɤɬɢɦɚ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɟɤɨɥɨɲɤɨɝ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɉɨɥɨɠɚʁ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɯ
ɜɪɫɬɚ ɢɦɚʁɭ ɫɜɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɫɤɟ ɜɪɫɬɟ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɭ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɋɬɪɨɝɨ
ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɟ ɞɢɜʂɟ ɜɪɫɬɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ ɫɭ ɞɢɜʂɟ ɜɪɫɬɟ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɭ ɢɲɱɟɡɥɟ ɫɚ
ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɢʁɟ ɧɚɲɟ ɡɟɦʂɟ ɢɥɢ ʃɟɧɢɯ ɞɟɥɨɜɚ ɜɪɚʄɟɧɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢɦɚ ɪɟɢɧɬɪɨɞɭɤɰɢʁɟɤɪɚʁʃɟɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɟɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɟɪɟɥɢɤɬɧɟɥɨɤɚɥɧɨɟɧɞɟɦɢɱɧɟ
ɛɪ – ɨɞɥɭɤɚ ɍɋȳ ɛɪ – ɨɞɥɭɤɚ ɍɋɊɋ ɛɪ
- ɢɫɩɪ– ɞɪɡɚɤɨɧɢ
ɑɥ ɫɬ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɚɦɚ ɢ ɞɨɩɭɧɚɦɚ Ʉɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɡɚɤɨɧɢɤɚ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ ɛɪ
ɑɥ ɫɬ ɬɚɱ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ ɛɪ
ɢ
ɑɥɫɬɬɚɱ
Ɂɋɬɨʁɚɧɨɜɢʄ
ɑɥɫɬɬɚɱ ɁɚɤɨɧɨɡɚɲɬɢɬɢɩɪɢɪɨɞɟɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢɝɥɚɫɧɢɤɊɋɛɪ ɢ
ɋɊɉɋɄȺɉɊȺȼɇȺɆɂɋȺɈ
ɫɬɟɧɨɟɧɞɟɦɢɱɧɟ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɚʁɧɟ ɢ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɟ ɞɢɜʂɟ ɜɪɫɬɟ ɨɞ
ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨɝɡɧɚɱɚʁɚɡɚɨɱɭɜɚʃɟɛɢɨɥɨɲɤɟɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɫɧɨɫɬɢɊɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɟɋɪɛɢʁɟ Ɂɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɟɞɢɜʂɟɜɪɫɬɟɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚɭɩɪɢɪɨɞɢɬɪɟɧɭɬɧɨɧɢɫɭɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɟ ɭ ɦɟɪɢ ɞɚ ɢɦ ɩɪɟɬɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬ ɞɚ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɭ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɧɨ
ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɟɚɬɨɫɭɪɚʃɢɜɟɟɧɞɟɦɢɱɧɟɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɫɤɟɤʂɭɱɧɟɢɤɢɲɨɛɪɚɧ
ɜɪɫɬɟɪɟɥɢɤɬɧɟɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɚʁɧɟɢɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɟɞɢɜʂɟɜɪɫɬɟɤɚɨɢ
ɜɪɫɬɟ ɤɨʁɟ ɧɢɫɭ ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɟ ɚɥɢ ɫɟ ɡɛɨɝ ʃɢɯɨɜɨɝ ɢɡɝɥɟɞɚ ɦɨɝɭ ɥɚɤɨ
ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɢɫɚɫɬɪɨɝɨɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɦɜɪɫɬɚɦɚ ɍɝɪɨɠɟɧɚɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɫɤɚɜɪɫɬɚ
ʁɟ ɨɧɚ ɤɨʁɚ ɫɟ ɫɭɨɱɚɜɚ ɫɚ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɦ ɜɟɪɨɜɚɬɧɨʄɨɦ ɞɚ ʄɟ ɢɲɱɟɡɧɭɬɢ ɭ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɦɭɫɥɨɜɢɦɚɭɛɥɢɫɤɨʁɛɭɞɭʄɧɨɫɬɢɲɬɨɫɟɭɬɜɪɻɭʁɟɭɫɤɥɚɞɭɫɚ
ɨɩɲɬɟɩɪɢɯɜɚʄɟɧɢɦɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɦɤɪɢɬɟɪɢʁɭɦɢɦɚɞɨɤʁɟɤɪɚʁʃɟɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɚɜɪɫɬɚɫɭɨɱɟɧɚɫɚɧɚʁɜɢɲɨɦɜɟɪɨɜɚɬɧɨʄɨɦɢɲɱɟɡɚɜɚʃɚɭɩɪɢɪɨɞɢɭ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɨʁ ɛɭɞɭʄɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɬɨ ɫɟ ɬɚɤɨɻɟ ɭɬɜɪɻɭʁɟ ɩɪɟɦɚ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨ
ɩɪɢɯɜɚʄɟɧɢɦɤɪɢɬɟɪɢʁɭɦɢɦɚ
ɉɨɫɬɚɜʂɚ ɫɟ ɩɢɬɚʃɟ ɞɚ ɥɢ ɨɛʁɟɤɬ ɪɚɞʃɟ ɦɨɝɭ ɛɢɬɢ ɢ ɦɪɬɜɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɟ ɢ ɛɢʂɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɚɦɨ ɠɢɜɟɇɟɦɚ ɪɚɡɥɨɝɚɞɚ ɫɟɩɨʁɚɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɟɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɛɢʂɤɟ ɨɜɞɟ ɫɭɠɚɜɚ ɬɚɤɨ ɲɬɨ ɛɢ ɫɟ ʃɢɦɟ ɨɛɭɯɜɚɬɢɥɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɠɢɜɟ
ʁɟɞɢɧɤɟ ɂɩɚɤ ɨɛʁɟɤɬ ɪɚɞʃɟ ɧɟ ɛɢ ɦɨɝɥɟ ɛɢɬɢ ɩɪɟɪɚɻɟɧɟ ɛɢʂɤɟ ɢ
ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɟ ɚ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢ ɤɨʁɢ ɫɭ ɨɞ ʃɢɯ ɫɚɱɢʃɟɧɢ ɤɚɨ ɲɬɨ
ɛɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɛɢɨɧɟɤɢɩɪɟɯɪɚɦɛɟɧɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɌɚɤɨɻɟʁɟɫɩɨɪɧɨɞɚɥɢ
ɨɛʁɟɤɬ ɪɚɞʃɟ ɦɨɝɭ ɛɢɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɢɪɚɧɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɟ ɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɥɨɜɚɱɤɢɯ
ɬɪɨɮɟʁɚɚɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɚɤɨʁɟɪɟɱɨɞɟɥɨɜɢɦɚɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚɤɚɨɲɬɨɫɭɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɨɝɨɜɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨ ɨ ɞɢɜʂɚɱɢ ɢ ɥɨɜɫɬɜɭ ɡɚɛɪɚʃɭʁɟ ɢɡɧɨɲɟʃɟ ɢɡ
ɡɟɦʃɟ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɢɯ ɬɪɨɮɟʁɚ ɞɢɜʂɚɱɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɢɪɚɧɟ ɞɢɜʂɚɱɢ ɢ ʃɟɧɢɯ
ɞɟɥɨɜɚɤɚɨɬɪɨɮɟʁɚ, ɩɨɞɩɪɟɬʃɨɦɢɡɪɢɰɚʃɚɧɨɜɱɚɧɟɤɚɡɧɟɡɚɩɪɢɜɪɟɞɧɢɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɤɨɪɢɫɧɢɤɭɥɨɜɢɲɬɚ– ɩɪɚɜɧɨɦɥɢɰɭɊɚɧɢʁɟɜɚɠɟʄɢɁɚɤɨɧɨ
ɥɨɜɫɬɜɭ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɻɚɨ ʁɟ ɡɚ ɤɪɲɟʃɟ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɟ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɟ ɩɪɟɤɪɲɚʁɧɭ ɨɞɝɨ-
ɑɥ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɧɢɤ ɨ ɩɪɨɝɥɚɲɟʃɭ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɯ ɞɢɜʂɢɯ ɜɪɫɬɚ ɛɢʂɚɤɚ
ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚɢɝʂɢɜɚɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢɝɥɚɫɧɢɤɊɋɛɪ
ɑɥ
ɑɥɫɬɬɚɱ ɁɚɤɨɧɨɡɚɲɬɢɬɢɩɪɢɪɨɞɟɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢɝɥɚɫɧɢɤɊɋɛɪ ɢ
ɑɥɫɬɬɚɱ
Ɂɋɬɨʁɚɧɨɜɢʄ
ɑɥɁɚɤɨɧɨɞɢɜʂɚɱɢɢɥɨɜɫɬɜɭɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢɝɥɚɫɧɢɤɊɋɛɪ
ȺɧɚȻɚɬɪɢɱɟɜɢʄɄɊɂȼɂɑɇɈɉɊȺȼɇȺɊȿȺɄɐɂȳȺɇȺɇȿɁȺɄɈɇɂɌɉɊɈɆȿɌ ...
ɜɨɪɧɨɫɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɤɨɝ ɥɢɰɚ ɲɬɨ ʁɟ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɢɡɚɡɜɚɬɢ ɧɟɞɨɭɦɢɰɟ ɭ ɩɨɝɥɟɞɭ
ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟʃɚ ɢɡɦɟɻɭ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɞɟɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɲɚʁɚ Ȼɟɡ ɨɛɡɢɪɚ ɧɚ ɬɨ
ɬɪɟɛɚ ɭɡɟɬɢ ɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɢɪɚɧɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɟ ɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ ɤɚɨ
ɬɪɨɮɟʁɢ ɦɨɝɭ ɛɢɬɢ ɨɛʁɟɤɬɢ ɪɚɞʃɟ ɨɜɨɝ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɞɟɥɚ ɬɢɦ ɩɪɟ ɲɬɨ
ɜɚɠɟʄɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɥɨɜɫɬɜɭɡɚ ʃɢɯɨɜɨ ɢɡɧɨɲɟʃɟ ɭ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɻɚ ɩɪɟɤɪɲɚʁɧɭ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɤɨɝ ɥɢɰɚ, ɜɟʄ ɫɚɦɨ ɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬ
ɩɪɚɜɧɨɝ ɥɢɰɚɡɚɩɪɢɜɪɟɞɧɢɩɪɟɫɬɭɩ
Ɋɚɞʃɚ ɢɡɜɪɲɟʃɚ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɚ ʁɟ ɚɥɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɢ ɨɛɭɯɜɚɬɚ ɫɥɟɞɟʄɚ
ɱɢʃɟʃɚ ɢɡɜɨɡ, ɢɡɧɨɲɟʃɟ, ɭɜɨɡɢ ɭɧɨɲɟʃɟɫɬɪɨɝɨɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɟ
ɜɪɫɬɟ ɛɢʂɚɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ ɍ ɩɢɬɚʃɭ ɫɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɟ ɞɟɥɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨʁɟ
ɦɨɝɭ ɛɢɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɢɦɚ
ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɟ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢ ɭɞɚʂɭʁɭ ɫɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɢʁɟ ɧɚɲɟ ɡɟɦʂɟ ɢ
ɩɪɟɛɚɰɭʁɭ ɥɟɝɚɥɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɥɟɝɚɥɧɨ ɭ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɨɛɪɧɭɬɨ
ɢɡɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɧɚɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɢʁɭɧɚɲɟɡɟɦʂɟɂɡɧɨɲɟʃɟʁɟɩɪɟɛɚɰɢɜɚʃɟ
ɨɛʁɟɤɬɚ ɪɚɞʃɟ ɩɪɟɤɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɧɚɲɟ ɡɟɦʂɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɢʁɭ ɧɟɤɟ ɞɪɭɝɟ
ɞɪɠɚɜɟɉɪɢɬɨɦɟɡɚɩɨɫɬɨʁɚʃɟɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝɞɟɥɚɧɢʁɟɨɞɡɧɚɱɚʁɚɧɚɤɨʁɢ
ɧɚɱɢɧɫɟɬɨɱɢɧɢɢɭɤɨɦɨɛɢɦɭ Ɂɚɩɨɫɬɨʁɚʃɟɨɜɨɝɨɛɥɢɤɚɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ
ɞɟɥɚɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨʁɟɞɚɫɟɢɡɜɨɡɢɥɢɢɡɧɨɲɟʃɟɨɞɧɨɫɧɨɭɜɨɡɢɥɢɭɧɨɲɟʃɟ
ɜɪɲɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɩɪɚɜɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɞɪɟɞɛɚɦɚ ɜɚɠɟʄɢɯ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚ
Ɍɨ ɡɧɚɱɢ ɞɚ ɩɨɞ ɨɞɪɟɻɟɧɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɦɚ ɢ ɨɞ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɝ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ
ɦɨɠɟɛɢɬɢɞɨɡɜɨʂɟɧɨɞɚɫɟɬɪɚʁɧɨɢɥɢɩɪɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɨɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢ
ɢɡɧɟɫɭ ɭ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɥɢ ɭɧɟɫɭ ɭ Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɭ ɋɪɛɢʁɭ Ɍɨ ɫɟ ɧɚʁɱɟɲʄɟ
ɜɪɲɢɩɪɟɤɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɟɦɪɟɠɟ
Ⱦɟɥɨ ʁɟ ɫɜɪɲɟɧɨ ɤɚɞɚ ʁɟ ɧɟɤɢ ɨɞ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɢɡɧɟɫɟɧ ɭ
ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɢɡɜɟɡɟɧ ɭ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɥɢ ɭɧɟɫɟɧ ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ
ɭɜɟɡɟɧɭɊɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɋɪɛɢʁɭ ɉɨɫɟɛɧɨʁɟɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɞɚʁɟɤɚɠʃɢɜɢɫɚɦ
ɩɨɤɭɲɚʁ ɢɡɧɨɲɟʃɚ ɭ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɭɧɨɲɟʃɚ ɭ ɋɪɛɢʁɭ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɨɝ
ɑɥɢ, ɫɬɁɚɤɨɧɨɥɨɜɫɬɜɭɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢɝɥɚɫɧɢɤɊɋɛɪ ɢ
Ɂɋɬɨʁɚɧɨɜɢʄ
ȾɪɚɝɚɧȳɨɜɚɲɟɜɢʄȼɨʁɢɫɥɚɜȭɭɪɻɢʄɄɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɩɪɚɜɨ– ɩɨɫɟɛɧɢɞɟɨɇɨɦɨɫȻɟɨɝɪɚɞ
ȴɭɛɢɲɚ Ʌɚɡɚɪɟɜɢʄ Ʉɨɦɟɧɬɚɪ Ʉɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɡɚɤɨɧɢɤɚ Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɋɪɛɢʁɟ ɂɡɞɚɜɚɱɤɨ-ɲɬɚɦɩɚɪɫɤɨ
ɩɪɟɞɭɡɟʄɟÄɋɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢʁɚ³Ȼɟɨɝɪɚɞ
ȼɢɞ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɧɢɤɨɩɪɟɤɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦɩɪɨɦɟɬɭɢɬɪɝɨɜɢɧɢɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɦɜɪɫɬɚɦɚɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ
Ɋɋɛɪ
Ibid.
Ibid.
ɋɊɉɋɄȺɉɊȺȼɇȺɆɂɋȺɈ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝ ɞɨɛɪɚ ɲɬɨ ɚɤɨ ɫɟ ɢɦɚ ɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɜɢɫɢɧɚ ɡɚɩɪɟʄɟɧɟ ɤɚɡɧɟ ɧɟ
ɛɢ ɛɢɥɨ ɦɨɝɭʄɟ ɩɪɟɦɚ ɨɩɲɬɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɢɦɚ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɉɨɤɭɲɚʁ
ɛɢ ɩɨɫɬɨʁɚɨ ɤɚɞɚ ɛɢ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɟɥɚ ɪɚɞʃɚ ɭɫɦɟɪɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɧɨɲɟʃɟ ɢɡɜɨɡ
ɢɥɢ ɭɧɨɲɟʃɟ ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɭɜɨɡ ɚɥɢ ɨɜɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢ ɢɩɚɤ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭ ɢɡɧɟɫɟɧɢ
ɢɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɡɟɧɢ ɭ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɭɜɟɡɟɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɧɟɫɟɧɢ ɭ
Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɋɪɛɢʁɭ
Ɉɜɚʁ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢɬɢ ɭɱɢʃɟɧ ɫɚɦɨ ɫɚ ɭɦɢɲʂɚʁɟɦ ɤɚɨ ɨɛɥɢɤɨɦ
ɤɪɢɜɢɰɟ, ɚ ɭɱɢɧɢɥɚɰ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢɬɢ ɛɢɥɨ ɤɨʁɟ ɥɢɰɟ ɋ ɨɛɡɢɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɤɨɥɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞ ɤɨʁɢɦɚ ɫɟ ɨɜɨ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨ ɞɟɥɨ ɜɪɲɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɫɟ ɞɟɫɢɬɢ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɭ
ɭɥɨɡɢ ɭɱɢɧɢɨɰɚ ɨɜɨɝ ʃɟɝɨɜɨɝ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ ɩɨʁɚɜɢ ɥɢɰɟ ɤɨʁɟ ʁɟ ɩɪɟɬɯɨɞɧɨ ɭ
ɨɞɧɨɫɭɧɚɢɫɬɟɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɟ ɭɱɢɧɢɥɨɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɞɟɥɨɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɨɝɥɨɜɚ
ɇɚɢɦɟ ʁɟɞɚɧ ɨɞ ɦɨɬɢɜɚ ɡɚ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬ ɥɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜʂɚ ɫɬɢɰɚʃɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢʁɚɥɧɟɞɨɛɢɬɢɨɞɢɥɟɝɚɥɧɟɩɪɨɞɚʁɟɭɥɨɜɚ ɱɟɫɬɨɧɚɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɨɦÄɰɪɧɨɦ ɬɪɠɢɲɬɭ³ ɢ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɢɦɨɜɢɧɫɤɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɬ ɤɨʁɚ ɫɟ ɧɚ ɬɚʁ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɦɨɠɟ
ɨɫɬɜɚɪɢɬɢ ɑɢʃɟɧɢɰɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɥɨɜɨɤɪɚɻɚ ɱɟɫɬɨ ɜɪɲɢ ɩɨɞ ɩɚɪɚɜɚɧɨɦ
ɪɟɝɭɥɚɪɧɢɯɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯɨɞɥɚɡɚɤɚɭɥɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɭʁɟɧɚɦɨɝɭʄɧɨɫɬɞɚɫɟ
ɥɢɰɟɤɨʁɟ ɢɦɚɫɬɚɬɭɫɥɨɜɰɚɭɫɦɢɫɥɭɜɚɠɟʄɟɝɁɚɤɨɧɚɨɞɢɜʂɚɱɢɢɥɨɜɫɬɜɭ ʁɚɜɢ ɢ ɤɚɨ ɭɱɢɧɢɥɚɰ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɨɝ ɥɨɜɚ ɢ ɤɚɨ ɭɱɢɧɢɥɚɰ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɨɝɩɪɨɦɟɬɚɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɦɜɪɫɬɚɦɚɞɢɜʂɟɮɚɭɧɟ
Ɂɚ ɨɜɚʁ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɞɟɥɚ ɭɧɢɲɬɟʃɚ ɨɲɬɟʄɟʃɚ ɢɡɧɨɲɟʃɚ ɭ
ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɢɭɧɨɲɟʃɚɭɋɪɛɢʁɭɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɨɝɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɞɨɛɪɚɦɨɝɭɫɟ
ɢɡɪɟʄɢ ɤɭɦɭɥɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɤɚɡɧɚ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɚ ɨɞ ɬɪɢ ɦɟɫɟɰɚ ɞɨ ɬɪɢ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɢ
ɑɥɫɬɄɁɊɋ
ɉɪɟɦɚ ɱɥ ɄɁɊɋ ɭɜɟɤ ɫɟ ɤɚɠʃɚɜɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɤɭɲɚʁ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɞɟɥɚ ɡɚ ɤɨʁɟ ɫɟ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɦɨɠɟ
ɢɡɪɟʄɢ ɤɚɡɧɚ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɚ ɨɞ ɩɟɬ ɝɨɞɢɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɠɚ ɤɚɡɧɚ ɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɤɭɲɚʁ ɞɪɭɝɨɝ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɞɟɥɚ ɫɚɦɨ
ɤɚɞɚɡɚɤɨɧɢɡɪɢɱɢɬɨɩɪɨɩɢɫɭʁɟɤɚɠʃɚɜɚʃɟɡɚɩɨɤɭɲɚʁ
ȼɢɞȴɅɚɡɚɪɟɜɢʄ
ɑɥɄɁɊɋ
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500XWK-)%RZHɜɢɞɢȺɧɚȻɚɬɪɢʄɟɜɢʄÄɄɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɞɟɥɨɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɨɝɥɨɜɚ³Ʉɪɢɦɢɧɚɥ
ɢ ɞɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢʁɚ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢʁɚ ɦɨɝɭʄɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ ɭɪ Ʌ Ʉɪɨɧ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɡɚ
ɤɪɢɦɢɧɨɥɨɲɤɚɢɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɲɤɚɢɫɬɪɚɠɢɜɚʃɚȻɟɨɝɪɚɞ
ɑɥ ɫɬɬɚɱ ɁɚɤɨɧɨɞɢɜʂɚɱɢɢɥɨɜɫɬɜɭɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢɝɥɚɫɧɢɤɊɋɛɪ
ȺɧɚȻɚɬɪɢɱɟɜɢʄɄɊɂȼɂɑɇɈɉɊȺȼɇȺɊȿȺɄɐɂȳȺɇȺɇȿɁȺɄɈɇɂɌɉɊɈɆȿɌ ...
ɧɨɜɱɚɧɚ ɤɚɡɧɚ Ʉɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɡɪɢɱɢɬɨ ʁɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɻɟɧɨ ɞɚ ʄɟ
ɫɬɪɨɝɨɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɚɜɪɫɬɚɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ ɛɢɬɢ ɨɞɭɡɟɬɚ ɨɞɭɱɢɧɢɨɰɚ
ɄɊɂȼɂɑɇɈɉɊȺȼɇȺɊȿȺɄɐɂȳȺɇȺɇȿɁȺɄɈɇɂɌ
ɉɊɈɆȿɌɁȺɒɌɂȶȿɇɂɆȼɊɋɌȺɆȺɍɍɉɈɊȿȾɇɈɆ
ɉɊȺȼɍ
Ɍɪɝɨɜɢɧɚɞɢɜʂɢɦɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚɦɚɪɚɞɢɞɪɠɚʃɚɤɚɨɤɭʄɧɢɯʂɭɛɢɦɚɰɚ
ɚ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɦ ɜɪɫɬɚɦɚ ɪɟɩɬɢɥɚ ɜɨɞɨɡɟɦɚɰɚ ɢ ɩɬɢɰɚ ɝɪɚɛʂɢɜɢɰɚɞɨɠɢɜɟɥɚʁɟɤɪɚʁɟɦɜɟɤɚɩɪɨɰɜɚɬɭȼɟɥɢɤɨʁȻɪɢɬɚɧɢʁɢɂɚɤɨɫɟ
ʃɢɯɨɜɩɪɨɦɟɬɭɝɥɚɜɧɨɦɨɛɚɜʂɚɥɟɝɚɥɧɨɩɚɪɚɥɟɥɧɨɫɚʃɢɦɨɩɫɬɚʁɟɫɜɟ
ɭɧɨɫɧɢʁɢɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɢʁɢɢɥɟɝɚɥɧɢɩɪɨɦɟɬɪɚɞɢɱɢʁɟɝɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɫɚʃɚ
ʁɟ ɭ ɨɜɨʁ ɡɟɦʂɢ ɭɫɩɨɫɬɚɜʂɟɧ ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɢ ɨɤɜɢɪ The
Wildlife and Countryside Act ɢɡ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ʁɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢ ɩɪɚɜɧɢ ɢɡɜɨɪ
ɩɨɫɜɟʄɟɧ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɢ ɞɢɜʂɢɯ ɛɢʂɧɢɯ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɫɤɢɯ ɜɪɫɬɚ ɭ ȼɟɥɢɤɨʁ
Ȼɪɢɬɚɧɢʁɢ Ɉɜɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɢɧɤɪɢɦɢɧɨɫɚɧɨ ʁɟ ɧɚɦɟɪɧɨ ɭɡɢɦɚʃɟ ɢɡ ɞɢɜʂɢɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɟɞɨɜɚʃɟ ɞɢɜʂɢɯ ɩɬɢɰɚ ʃɢɯɨɜɢɯ ʁɚʁɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɚɤɫɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɧɚɛɪɨʁɚɧɢɯ ɞɢɜʂɢɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ, ɚ ɡɚɛɪɚʃɟɧɚ ʁɟ ɢ ʃɢɯɨɜɚ
ɩɪɨɞɚʁɚ ɨɫɢɦ ɭɡ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɭ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɲɬɭ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɭ Ʉɪɲɟʃɟ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɯ
ɨɞɪɟɞɛɢ ɡɚɩɪɟʄɟɧɨ ʁɟ ɧɨɜɱɚɧɨɦ ɤɚɡɧɨɦ ɭ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɧɨɦ ɢɡɧɨɫɭ ɨɞ ɩɟɬ
ɯɢʂɚɞɚ ɮɭɧɬɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɭɜɨɡɭ ɢ ɢɡɜɨɡɭ ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɯ ɜɪɫɬɚ The EndanJHUHG 6SHFLHV ,PSRUW DQG ([SRUW $FW) ɢɡ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɧɚʁɩɪɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɫɚɨ ʁɟ ɭɜɨɡ, ɢɡɜɨɡ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɚʁɭ ɫɜɢɯ ɜɪɫɬɚ ɨɛɭɯɜɚʄɟɧɢɯ CITES
Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɨɦ ɚɥɢ ʁɟ ɨɞ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɬɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬ ɭɪɟɻɟɧɚ ɨɞɪɟɞɛɚɦɚ
ɑɥɫɬɄɁɊɋ
ɑɥɫɬ
ȼɢɞ-+ROGHQ
Wildlife and Countryside Act (The WCA)
KWWSZZZOHJLVODWLRQJRYXNXNSJDFRQWHQWV"YLHZ SODLQ, aspɫɟɩɬɟɦɛɚɪ
3DUWThe WCA
6FKHGXOHVV7KH:&Ⱥ
VThe WCA
-+ROGHQ
7KH(QGDQJHUHG6SHFLHV,PSRUWDQG([SRUW$FW
KWWSZZZOHJLVODWLRQJRYXNXNSJDSGIVXNSJDBBHQSGI , aspɫɟɩɬɟɦɛɚɪ
ɋɊɉɋɄȺɉɊȺȼɇȺɆɂɋȺɈ
Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɫɤɟ ɭɧɢʁɟ ɨ ɩɪɨɦɟɬɭ ɞɢɜʂɢɦ ɜɪɫɬɚɦɚ EU Wildlife
7UDGH5HJXODWLRQV), ɬɟʁɟɫɚɞɚʃɟɝɨɜɚʁɟɞɢɧɚɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɧɚɨɞɪɟɞɛɚɤɨʁɨɦ
ʁɟ ɩɪɨɞɚʁɚ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɟ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɨɝ ɛɪɨʁɚ ɜɪɫɬɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ ɢ
ɛɢʂɚɤɚ ɫɤɢɧɭɬɢɯ ɫɚ ɥɢɫɬɟ ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɯ ɜɪɫɬɚ CITES-ɚ, ɭ ɨɜɨʁ ɡɟɦʂɢ
ɩɪɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɚ ɡɚ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɭ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɤɪɚɻɢ The Theft Act) ɢɡ
ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɭʁɟ ɧɨɜɱɚɧɭ ɤɚɡɧɭ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɡɧɭ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɚ ɨɞ ʁɟɞɧɟ ɞɨ ɞɟɫɟɬ
ɝɨɞɢɧɚɡɚɩɪɢɫɜɚʁɚʃɟɬɭɻɟɢɦɨɜɢɧɟɭɤʂɭɱɭʁɭʄɢɢɧɨɜɚɰɩɪɟɜɚɪɨɦɄɚɞɚʁɟɭɩɢɬɚʃɭɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɩɪɨɦɟɬɞɢɜʂɢɦɜɪɫɬɚɦɚɨɜɚʁɡɚɤɨɧɩɪɢɦɟʃɭʁɟ
ɫɟ ɭ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ ɤɚɞɚ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɚɰ ɩɪɨɞɚʁɟ ɞɢɜʂɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɟ ɨɞ ɢɫɬɢɯ ɥɚɠɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɚɪɨɦ ɬɜɪɞɟʄɢ ɞɚ ʁɟ ʃɢɯɨɜɨ ɩɨɪɟɤɥɨ
ɥɟɝɚɥɧɨ
ɄɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɡɚɤɨɧɢɤɄɪɚʂɟɜɢɧɟɒɜɟɞɫɤɟ ɧɟɫɚɞɪɠɢɨɞɪɟɞɛɟɩɨɫɜɟʄɟɧɟ ɤɚɠʃɚɜɚʃɭ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɨɝ ɩɪɨɦɟɬɚ ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɦ ɜɪɫɬɚɦɚ ɜɟʄ ɫɟ ɨɧɟ
ɧɚɥɚɡɟɭɫɩɨɪɟɞɧɨɦɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɭɢɡɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɟɤɨɥɨɲɤɨɝɩɪɚɜɚɊɟɱʁɟɨ
ɲɜɟɞɫɤɨɦ Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɨ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɢɡ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɤɨʁɢ
ɩɪɟɞɜɢɻɚ ɢɡɪɢɰɚʃɟ ɧɨɜɱɚɧɟ ɤɚɡɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɡɧɟ ɡɚɬɜɨɪɚ ɞɨ ɞɜɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ ɡɚ
ɭɦɢɲʂɚʁɧɨɢɥɢɧɟɯɚɬɧɨɤɪɲɟʃɟ ɨɞɪɟɞɚɛɚɢɥɢɭɫɥɨɜɚɩɨɫɬɚɜʂɟɧɢɯɭ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɢɦɨɞɥɭɤɚɦɚɤɨʁɟɫɭɞɨɧɟɫɟɧɟɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɭɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɟɋɚɜɟɬɚ
ȿɜɪɨɩɟɢɡ ɝɨɞɢɧɟɩɨɫɜɟʄɟɧɟɡɚɲɬɢɬɢɜɪɫɬɚɞɢɜʂɟɮɥɨɪɟɢɮɚɭɧɟ
ɤɪɨɡɪɟɝɭɥɢɫɚʃɟʃɢɯɨɜɨɝɩɪɨɦɟɬɚ
ɍ ɐɪɧɨʁ Ƚɨɪɢ ɢɡɧɨɲɟʃɟ ɭ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɨɝ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝ
ɞɨɛɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɟ ɛɢʂɤɟ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜʂɚ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ
ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɞɟɥɨɨɞɜɨʁɟɧɨɨɞɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝɞɟɥɚɭɧɢɲɬɟʃɚɢɨɲɬɟʄɟʃɚɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɨɝ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝ ɞɨɛɪɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɭ ɨɤɜɢɪɭ ɩɨɝɥɚɜʂɚ
(8:LOGOLIH7UDGH5HJXODWLRQV ((& 1R
V $ The Endangered Species ImpoUWDQG([SRUW$FW
The Theft Act KWWSZZZOHJLVODWLRQJRYXNXNSJDSGIVXNSJDBBHQSGI, asp,
ɫɟɩɬɟɦɛɚɪ
-+ROGHQ
7KH6ZHGLVK3HQDO&RGH'V, KWWSZZZUHJHULQJHQVHFRQWHQWFGFHDEFSGI, asp,
ɫɟɩɬɟɦɛɚɪ
ɉɨɝɥɚɜʂɟɥɥɬɚɱ The Swedish Environmental Code, 'V
KWWSZZZVZHGHQJRYVHVEGD, DVSɫɟɩɬɟɦɛɚɪ
&RXQFLO5HJXODWLRQ (& 1RRI'HFHPEHURQWKHSURWHFWLRQRIVSHFLHVRIZLOGIDXQDDQG
flora by regulating tUDGHWKHUHLQ2IILFLDO-RXUQDORIWKH(XURSHDQ&RPPXQLWLHV/9ROXPH
0DUFK
ɑɥ Ʉɪɢɜɢɱɧɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɢɤ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɥɢɫɬ ɊɐȽ ɛɪ ɢ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ
ɥɢɫɬɐȽɛɪɢ
ȺɧɚȻɚɬɪɢɱɟɜɢʄɄɊɂȼɂɑɇɈɉɊȺȼɇȺɊȿȺɄɐɂȳȺɇȺɇȿɁȺɄɈɇɂɌɉɊɈɆȿɌ ...
ɩɨɫɜɟʄɟɧɨɝɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɦɞɟɥɢɦɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɠɢɜɨɬɧɟɫɪɟɞɢɧɟɢɭɪɟɻɟʃɚɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɚɈɜɨɞɟɥɨɱɢɧɢɥɢɰɟɤɨʁɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɩɪɨɩɢɫɢɦɚɢɡɜɟɡɟɢɥɢɢɡɧɟɫɟ
ɭ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ ɞɨɛɪɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɭ
ɛɢʂɤɭɢɥɢɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɭɚɨɧɨʁɟɡɚɩɪɟʄɟɧɨɤɚɡɧɨɦɡɚɬɜɨɪɚɨɞɬɪɢɦɟɫɟɰɚ
ɞɨ ɬɪɢ ɝɨɞɢɧɟ Ʉɚɨ ɢ ɭ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɋɪɛɢʁɟ ɢ ɫɚɦ
ɩɨɤɭɲɚʁɨɜɨɝɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝɞɟɥɚʁɟɤɚɠʃɢɜ
ɁȺɄȴɍɑȺɄ
ɍ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɭ ɤɚɞɚ ɛɪɨʁɧɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɫɤɟ ɜɪɫɬɟ ɧɟɫɬɚʁɭ ɫɚ ɥɢɰɚ Ɂɟɦʂɟ
ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɩɪɨɦɟɬɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɦɜɪɫɬɚɦɚɞɢɜʂɟɮɚɭɧɟɭɡɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɧɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨʁɟ ɝɚ, ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɭ, ɩɪɚɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜʂɚ ɨɡɛɢʂɧɭ ɩɪɟɬʃɭ ɧɟ
ɫɚɦɨ ɡɚ ɨɩɫɬɚɧɚɤ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɨʁ ɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɢɯ ɟɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɟʄ ɢ ɡɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɭ
ɫɪɟɞɢɧɭ ɤɚɨ ɬɚɤɜɭ ɚ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɬɢɦ ɢ ɡɚ ɱɢɬɚɜɨ ɱɨɜɟɱɚɧɫɬɜɨ Ⱥɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨʁ
ɞɪɠɚɜɧɨʁɪɟɚɤɰɢʁɢɧɚɨɜɚʁɜɢɞɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɧɨɝɢɫɩɨʂɚɜɚʃɚɦɨɪɚ ɞɚ ɩɪɟɬɯɨɞɢ ɭɜɢɻɚʃɟ ʃɟɝɨɜɟ ɨɡɛɢʂɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɚɝɥɟɞɚɜɚʃɟʃɟɝɨɜɢɯɞɚɥɟɤɨɫɟɠɧɢɯɩɨɫɥɟɞɢɰɚɌɢɦɟɫɟɧɟɛɢɨɛɟɡɛɟɞɢɥɢɫɚɦɨ
ɨɞɝɨɜɚɪɚʁɭʄɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɢ ɨɤɜɢɪɢ ɡɚ ʃɟɝɨɜɨ ɫɭɡɛɢʁɚʃɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢʁɭ ɭ
ɫɤɥɚɞɭɫɚɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɦɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɢɦɚɜɟʄɛɢɫɟɝɚɪɚɧɬɨɜɚɥɚɢʃɢɯɨɜɚ
ɞɨɫɥɟɞɧɚɢɞɟɥɨɬɜɨɪɧɚɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɧɚ
Ɂɚ ɟɮɢɤɚɫɧɨ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɫɚʃɟ ɨɜɨɝ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɢɬɟɬɚ ɨɞ ɫɭɲɬɢɧɫɤɟʁɟɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɚɤɭɩʂɚʃɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɚʃɟɢɲɢɪɟʃɟɨɞɧɨɫɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɧɚ ɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɧɢɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢʁɚ ɢɡɦɟɻɭ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɫɜɢɯ ɨɧɢɯ
ɡɟɦɚʂɚɤɨʁɟɫɭɨɛɭɯɜɚʄɟɧɟɬɚɤɨɡɜɚɧɨɦÄɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɧɨɦɦɪɟɠɨɦ³ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɨɝɩɪɨɦɟɬɚɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɯɞɢɜʂɢɯɜɪɫɬɚɍɩɪɤɨɫɩɨɫɬɨʁɟʄɢɦɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɢɦɚ ɤɚɨ ɲɬɨ ɫɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɂɧɬɟɪɩɨɥ ɢ ɋɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɢʁɚɬ CITES, ɩɨɞɚɰɢ
ɤɨʁɢɫɟɪɚɡɦɟʃɭʁɭɧɚɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɦɢɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɦɧɢɜɨɭɫɟɱɟɫɬɨ
ɫɜɨɞɟ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɢɱɧɟ ɢɡɜɟɲɬɚʁɟ ɨ ɢɡɨɜɥɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɫɥɭɱɚʁɟɜɢɦɚ ɯɜɚɬɚʃɚ
ɭɱɢɧɢɥɚɰɚ ɨɜɨɝ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɞɟɥɚ ɞɨɤ ɫɭ ɡɚʁɟɞɧɢɱɤɟ ɢɧɢɰɢʁɚɬɢɜɟ ɭɫɦɟɪɟɧɟɧɚɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɪɚɡɦɟɧɭɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢʁɚʁɨɲɫɩɨɪɚɞɢɱɧɟ Ʉɨɧɬɢɧɭɢɪɚɧɚ
ɫɚɪɚɞʃɚɧɚɩɨʂɭɪɚɡɦɟɧɟɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢʁɚɭɡɮɨɪɦɢɪɚʃɟʁɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɟɛɚɡɟ
ɑɥɫɬ
ɑɥɫɬ
0Rice,
ɋɊɉɋɄȺɉɊȺȼɇȺɆɂɋȺɈ
ɩɨɞɚɬɚɤɚ ɨ ɩɪɨɦɟɬɭ ɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɦ ɜɪɫɬɚɦɚ ɢ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɞɟɥɨɜɚʃɟ
ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɢɯ ɞɪɠɚɜɚ ɬɪɟɛɚɥɨ ɛɢ ɞɚ ɩɨɜɟʄɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɚɪɟɧɬɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɧɚ ɬɚʁ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɞɨɩɪɢɧɟɫɟ ɫɭɡɛɢʁɚʃɭ ɤɨɪɭɩɰɢʁɟ ɇɚ ɬɨɦɟ
ɬɪɟɛɚ ɩɨɫɟɛɧɨ ɢɧɫɢɫɬɢɪɚɬɢ ɚɤɨ ɫɟ ɢɦɚ ɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɟɜɢɞɟɧɬɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɡɚɧɨɫɬ
ɢɡɦɟɻɭɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɧɢɯɝɪɭɩɚɫɚɩɨʁɟɞɢɧɢɦɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɢɦɚɞɪɠɚɜɧɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɚɛɟɡɱɢʁɟÄɩɨɦɨʄɢ³ɜɪɲɟʃɟɨɜɨɝɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝɞɟɥɚɧɟ
ɛɢɛɢɥɨɦɨɝɭʄɟɢɥɢɛɚɪɧɟɭɬɨɥɢɤɨʁɦɟɪɢ
Ɋɟɲɟʃɭ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɞɨɩɪɢɧɟɥɚ ɛɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɨɜɚ ɩɨɬɪɨɲɚɱɚ ɭ
ɩɪɚɜɰɭɫɦɚʃɟʃɚɩɨɬɪɚɠʃɟɡɚɞɟɥɨɜɢɦɚɞɢɜʂɢɯɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚɲɬɨɛɢɡɚ
ɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬ ɢɦɚɥɨ ɨɩɚɞɚʃɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɚ ɨɫɬɜɚɪɟɧɢɯ ʃɢɯɨɜɢɦ ɩɥɚɫɢɪɚʃɟɦ ɧɚ
Äɰɪɧɨɦɬɪɠɢɲɬɭ³Ɂɧɚɱɚʁɧɭɭɥɨɝɭɭɬɨɦɩɨɞɭɯɜɚɬɭɢɦɚʁɭɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɢ
ɦɟɞɢʁɚɢɧɟɜɥɚɞɢɧɨɝɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɤɨʁɢɤɪɨɡɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɟɤɚɦɩɚʃɟɢɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɟ
ɦɨɝɭ ɞɚɭɬɢɱɭ ɧɚɮɨɪɦɢɪɚʃɟɭɤɭɫɚɢɫɬɚɜɨɜɚɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɞɟɥɚɩɨɩɭɥɚɰɢʁɟ
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ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ
Ʉʃɢɝɟɱɥɚɧɰɢ
ȺȻɚɬɪɢʄɟɜɢʄÄɄɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɞɟɥɨ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɨɝɥɨɜɚ³ Ʉɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɢ
ɞɪɠɚɜɧɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢʁɚ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢʁɚ ɦɨɝɭʄɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ
ɭɪ Ʌ Ʉɪɨɧ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɡɚ ɤɪɢɦɢɧɨɥɨɲɤɚ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɲɤɚ
ɢɫɬɪɚɠɢɜɚʃɚȻɟɨɝɪɚɞ
Ⱥ Ȼɚɬɪɢʄɟɜɢʄ ÄȾɨɦɟɬɢ ɢ ɢɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɰɢʁɚ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨ ɞɨɛɪɨɛɢɬɢ
ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚɭɩɪɚɜɧɨɦɫɢɫɬɟɦɭɊɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɟɋɪɛɢʁɟ³ɉɪɚɜɧɚɪɢʁɟɱ
– ɱɚɫɨɩɢɫɡɚɩɪɚɜɧɭɬɟɨɪɢʁɭɢɩɪɚɤɫɭ
Ȼ ȼɭɱɤɨɜɢʄ ÄɄɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ³
ɉɪɚɜɧɢɠɢɜɨɬ ɛɪ
ȼȳɨɥʇɢʄɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟɨɞɡɧɚɱɚʁɚɡɚɡɚɲɬɢɬɭɠɢɜɨɬɧɟɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ
ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ ɋɪɛɢʁɟ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɡɚ ɤɪɢɦɢɧɨɥɨɲɤɚ ɢ
ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɲɤɚɢɫɬɪɚɠɢɜɚʃɚȻɟɨɝɪɚɞ
Ⱦ Ƚɚʁɢʄ ÄɁɧɚɱɚʁ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɚ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɨ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɬɭɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɦɜɪɫɬɚɦɚɞɢɜʂɟɮɚɭɧɟɢɮɥɨɪɟ(CITES)³ɉɪɚɜɧɢ
ɠɢɜɨɬ ɛɪ
ɋɊɉɋɄȺɉɊȺȼɇȺɆɂɋȺɈ
Ⱦ Ƚɚʁɢʄ ÄɁɧɚɱɚʁ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɚ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɨ ɨɱɭɜɚʃɭ ɟɜɪɨɩɫɤɟ
ɞɢɜʂɟ ɮɥɨɪɟ ɢ ɮɚɭɧɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɢɲɬɚ³ ɉɪɚɜɧɢ ɠɢɜɨɬ
ɛɪ
Ⱦ Ƚɚʁɢʄ Äɉɪɚɜɧɢ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɢ ɨɱɭɜɚʃɚ ɞɢɜʂɟ ɮɥɨɪɟ ɢ
ɮɚɭɧɟɭɊɟɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɋɪɛɢʁɢ³, ɉɪɚɜɧɢɠɢɜɨɬɛɪ
Ⱦ Ƚɚʁɢʄ Äɉɪɚɜɧɢ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɭ Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɰɢ
ɋɪɛɢʁɢ³, ɉɪɚɜɧɢɠɢɜɨɬ, ɛɪ
Ⱦ ȳɨɜɚɲɟɜɢʄ Äȿɜɪɨɩɫɤɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɢ ɢ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɟ
ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ³, ȿɜɪɨɩɫɤɨɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɛɪ -
Ⱦ ȳɨɜɚɲɟɜɢʄ ÄɁɚɲɬɢɬɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɭ ɭɩɨɪɟɞɧɨɦ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɦɩɪɚɜɭ³, ɋɬɪɚɧɢɩɪɚɜɧɢɠɢɜɨɬɛɪ
Ⱦ ȳɨɜɚɲɟɜɢʄ Ʌɟɤɫɢɤɨɧ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɩɪɚɜɚ ȳɚɜɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɟʄɟ
ÄɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢɥɢɫɬɋɊȳ³Ȼɟɨɝɪɚɞ
Ⱦ ȳɨɜɚɲɟɜɢʄ Ʉɪɢɜɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ – ɨɩɲɬɢ ɞɟɨ ɇɨɦɨɫ Ȼɟɨɝɪɚɞ
ȾȳɨɜɚɲɟɜɢʄȼɨʁɢɫɥɚɜȭɭɪɻɢʄɄɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɩɪɚɜɨ– ɩɨɫɟɛɧɢɞɟɨ,
ɇɨɦɨɫȻɟɨɝɪɚɞ
Ⱦȳɨɜɚɲɟɜɢʄɋɢɫɬɟɦ ɟɤɨɥɨɲɤɢɯɞɟɥɢɤɚɬɚ– ɟɤɨɥɨɲɤɨɤɚɡɧɟɧɨ
ɩɪɚɜɨɉɪɚɜɧɢɮɚɤɭɥɬɟɬɭɇɢɲɭ– ɐɟɧɬɚɪɡɚɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢʁɟɇɢɲ
ȭɂɝʃɚɬɨɜɢʄɄɪɢɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢʁɚɉɪɚɜɧɢɮɚɤɭɥɬɟɬɍɧɢɜɟɪɡɢɬɟɬɚɭ
ȻɟɨɝɪɚɞɭɐɟɧɬɚɪɡɚɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢʁɟȻɟɨɝɪɚɞ
Ɂ ɋɬɨʁɚɧɨɜɢʄ Ʉɨɦɟɧɬɚɪ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɡɚɤɨɧɢɤɚ ȳɚɜɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɡɟʄɟ
Äɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ³Ȼɟɨɝɪɚɞ
ȴɅɚɡɚɪɟɜɢʄɄɨɦɟɧɬɚɪɄɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝɡɚɤɨɧɢɤɚɊɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɟɋɪɛɢʁɟ
ɂɡɞɚɜɚɱɤɨ-ɲɬɚɦɩɚɪɫɤɨɩɪɟɞɭɡɟʄɟÄɋɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢʁɚ³
Ȼɟɨɝɪɚɞ
Ɇ ɉɚɭɧɨɜɢʄ ɉɪɚɜɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ – ɫɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɞɢɉɪɚɜɧɢɮɚɤɭɥɬɟɬɍɧɢɜɟɪɡɢɬɟɬɚɭȻɟɨɝɪɚɞɭɢÄȭɭɪɨ
ɋɚɥɚʁ³ȺȾȻɟɨɝɪɚɞ
220
ȺɧɚȻɚɬɪɢɱɟɜɢʄɄɊɂȼɂɑɇɈɉɊȺȼɇȺɊȿȺɄɐɂȳȺɇȺɇȿɁȺɄɈɇɂɌɉɊɈɆȿɌ ...
ɋȳɚɧɤɨɜɢʄÄɄɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɚɡɚɲɬɢɬɚɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ³, ɉɪɚɜɧɢɠɢɜɨɬɛɪ
ɋɅɢɥɢʄɆȾɪɟɧɨɜɚɤȿɤɨɥɨɲɤɨɩɪɚɜɨɉɪɚɜɧɢɮɚɤɭɥɬɟɬɍɧɢɜɟɪɡɢɬɟɬɚɭȻɟɨɝɪɚɞɭȻɟɨɝɪɚɞ
ɋ ɇɨʁɤɨɜɢʄ Äɉɪɚɜɧɢ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɟ ɞɢɜʂɟ ɮɥɨɪɟ ɢ ɮɚɭɧɟ ɢ
ʃɢɯɨɜɢɯɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯɫɬɚɧɢɲɬɚ³ɉɪɚɜɧɢɠɢɜɨɬ ɛɪ
ɋ ɇɨʁɤɨɜɢʄ Äɉɪɚɜɧɚ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɪɚ ɭ
Ɋɟɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɋɪɛɢʁɢ³, ɉɪɚɜɧɢɠɢɜɨɬɛɪ
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Ɂɜɚɧɢɱɧɚɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ
ɁɚɤɨɧɨɞɢɜʂɚɱɢɢɥɨɜɫɬɜɭɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢɝɥɚɫɧɢɤɊɋɛɪ
Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɞɨɛɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ ɛɪ
ɋɊɉɋɄȺɉɊȺȼɇȺɆɂɋȺɈ
Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ ɛɪ
ɢ
Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɡɚɲɬɢɬɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ ɛɪ ɢ
Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɚɦɚ ɢ ɞɨɩɭɧɚɦɚ Ʉɪɢɜɢɱɧɨɝ ɡɚɤɨɧɢɤɚ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ
ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤɊɋɛɪ
ɁɚɤɨɧɨɥɨɜɫɬɜɭɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢɝɥɚɫɧɢɤɊɋɛɪɢ
ɁɚɤɨɧɨɩɨɬɜɪɻɢɜɚʃɭɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟɨɦɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɩɪɨɦɟɬɭɭɝɪɨɠɟɧɢɯ ɜɪɫɬɚ ɞɢɜʂɟ ɮɚɭɧɟ ɢ ɮɥɨɪɟ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɥɢɫɬ ɋɊȳ –
Ɇɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɭɝɨɜɨɪɢɛɪ
Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɩɨɬɜɪɻɢɜɚʃɭ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɨ ɨɱɭɜɚʃɭ ɟɜɪɨɩɫɤɟ ɞɢɜʂɟ
ɮɥɨɪɟ ɢ ɮɚɭɧɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɢɲɬɚ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ –
Ɇɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɭɝɨɜɨɪɢɛɪ
ɁɚɤɨɧɨɩɨɬɜɪɻɢɜɚʃɭɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟɨɨɱɭɜɚʃɭɦɢɝɪɚɬɨɪɧɢɯɜɪɫɬɚ
ɞɢɜʂɢɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ – Ɇɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢ ɭɝɨɜɨɪɢɛɪ
Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɩɨɬɜɪɻɢɜɚʃɭ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢʁɟ ɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɲɤɨʁ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢɥɢɫɬɋɊȳ– Ɇɟɻɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɭɝɨɜɨɪɢɛɪ
Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɨɪɭɠʁɭ ɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢʁɢ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ ɛɪ
ɢ
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- ɢɫɩɪ- ɢɫɩɪ
ɢ ɢɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢɝɥɚɫɧɢɤɊɋɛɪ– ɨɞɥɭɤɚ
ɍɋȳ ɛɪ – ɨɞɥɭɤɚ ɍɋɊɋ ɛɪ
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2 – ɞɪɡɚɤɨɧɢ
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ɢ
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ɉɪɚɜɢɥɧɢɤɨɩɪɨɝɥɚɲɟʃɭɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɯɢɫɬɪɨɝɨɡɚɲɬɢʄɟɧɢɯɞɢɜʂɢɯ ɜɪɫɬɚ ɛɢʂɚɤɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɢʃɚ ɢ ɝʂɢɜɚ ɋɥɭɠɛɟɧɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɢɤ Ɋɋ,
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ɋɚɨɩɲɬɟʃɟɉɭɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɭɱɢɧɢɨɰɢɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɯɞɟɥɚɭɊɟɩɭɛɥɢɰɢ
ɋɪɛɢʁɢɛɪɊɟɩɭɛɥɢɱɤɢɡɚɜɨɞɡɚɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɭȻɟɨɝɪɚɞ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɤɢ ɛɢɥɬɟɧ – ɉɭɧɨɥɟɬɧɢ ɭɱɢɧɢɨɰɢ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɟɥɚ –
ɉɪɢʁɚɜɟɨɩɬɭɠɟʃɚɢɨɫɭɞɟ– ɛɪɊɟɩɭɛɥɢɱɤɢɡɚɜɨɞɡɚ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɭȻɟɨɝɪɚɞ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɤɢ ɛɢɥɬɟɧ – ɉɭɧɨɥɟɬɧɢ ɭɱɢɧɢɨɰɢ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɟɥɚ –
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ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɤɢ ɛɢɥɬɟɧ – ɉɭɧɨɥɟɬɧɢ ɭɱɢɧɢɨɰɢ ɤɪɢɜɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɟɥɚ –
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