календарные обряды

An anthropomorphic principle, manifested in the mutual aid of nature and man through anthropomorphic images, permeated the calendar-ritual cycle of the Slavic peasants of the first half of the year - from the winter to the summer solstice. Anthropomorphic images were also included in the autumn rites. Feature of the article is that it is based on field materials collected in the 1980-1990s. among the East Slavic peoples of Western Siberia. The study significantly expanded the scope of the attraction of anthropomorphic images in the national calendar, allowed a new appreciation of their functions and symbolism. The originality of the Siberian images was given by the widespread use of natural material in winter and spring rituals - snow, as well as old things and rags, in spring and summer rites – old rags, straw, in autumn - sheaves of a new crop with the appropriate terminology. The symbolism of the initial materials for the manufacture of ritual figures is important, reflecting a gradual change of cultural meanings - from snow and rag waste, which consisted of processed flax fiber (hemp), straw, to anthropomorphic images, made from ears of a new crop. In the first half of the calendar cycle, the topic of getting rid of unnecessary, and therefore harmful, old things, from snow as a factor hindering the revival of nature was sounded as actual: they were torn, burned, or should evaporate when melting. In the second half of the year, ritual figures constructed from sheaves were given an honorary role and place in the fields, in a red corner with icons, etc. Thus, the notion of anthropomorphic images was an organic part of the people's worldview, which formed the content and cultural meanings of the calendar ritual of the East Slavic peoples transferred to the Siberian territories.

In this paper, an example of ritual clowns rounds of the winter cycle we research the problem of substitution of the rite in rural society, for which the presence of the ritual tradition with its specific semiotic and semantic load is a prerequisite for the proper functioning and reproduction. Empty locus in a strict structure, which can provide housing calendar rituals, determines its unconditional replacement to maintain a stable system of traditional rural society. The object for the study of these processes has become a Bulgarian community of Southern Bessarabia.

Fursova E.F. Kupala customs and rituals of Belarusian peasant migrants in the south of Western Siberia in the first third of the twentieth century. // Almanac "Tobolsk and all Siberia." Belarusians in Siberia. - T. 1. - No. 30. - Tobolsk: “The Revival of Tobolsk”, 2019. - S. 271 - 285.
В районы Барабы, Кулунды, Приобья, Васюганья выходцы из Могилевской, Витебской, Минской и некоторых других губерний Российской империи в основной массе приехали в начале ХХ в., а также в годы Столыпинской аграрной реформы 1906 года.
Собранный на определенных территориях Западной Сибири разнообразный этнографический (полевой) материал свидетельствует о том, что в первой трети ХХ в. белорусский  комплекс сохранился в той мере, в какой он оказался поддержанным близкородственными старожильческими традициями. В местах рассеянного проживания белорусских переселенцев купальские обряды, связанные с разведением костров, почитанием огня хранились только в памяти пожилых людей, а преобладающими до настоящего времени являются действия с водой.

The natives of Mogilev, Vitebsk, Minsk and some other provinces of the Russian Empire arrived in the districts of Baraba, Kulunda, Priobye, Vasyugan at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as during the Stolypin agrarian reform of 1906. The diverse ethnographic (field) material collected in certain territories of Western Siberia indicates that in the first third of the 20th century. The Belarusian complex has been preserved to the extent that it has been supported by closely related old-time traditions. In places of dispersed residence of Belarusian immigrants, Kupala rites related to the making of fires, veneration of fire were stored only in the memory of elderly people, and water activities have been prevailing to date.

Аннотация В обзоре рассматриваются вопросы, затронутые на XIII Конференции рабочей группы по календарной обряд-ности «Ритуальный год», действующей в рамках Международного общества этнологии и фольклора. Научное мероприятие проходило 7-9 ноября 2018 г. в Бухаресте (Румыния). Конференция «Ритуальный год» является профессиональной площадкой для обмена опытом и идеями в области ритуалов и ритуальных практик этно-логов, антропологов и фольклористов со всего мира. Ключевые слова Международное общество этнологов и фольклористов (SIEF), конференция, городские ритуалы, календарные обряды, празднование, этнография, фольклорные исследования, городская антропология
Abstract The review covers the issues touched upon at the 13 th conference of the working group on calendar ceremonialism, "Ritual Year", operating under the International Society for Ethnology and Folklore (hereafter SIEF). The scientific event took place on November 7-9, 2018 in Bucharest (Romania). The conference has its own long history; therefore, traditions and the main "backbone" of the conference, as well as the circle of regular participants, have been established. Due to the narrow research issues discussed, there are no "random" speakers with messages of little relevance to the general theme, as it often happens at "big" congresses. The conference "Ritual Year", without exaggeration, has become a professional platform for the exchange of experience and ideas in the field of rituals and ritual practices of ethnologists, anthropologists and folklorists from around the world.