Architectural Style

Turbidite slope channels are analogous to fluvial channels in that they tend towards graded equilibrium profiles. The gap between the equilibrium profile and the actual sediment surface defines the accommodation, and it is the creation or removal of accommodation that governs the architectural style of turbidite channels on the slope. The factors that determine the tangent to the profile at a given point are the flow density, the flow thickness and the maximum settling velocity (a proxy for grain-size) of suspended sediment. These factors combine in a simple hydraulic relationship that illustrates how changes in these parameters affect the equilibrium gradient. In concept, graded channels behave like many sinuous fluvial systems in that the channels migrate laterally with little or no aggradation. Decrease in flow density or thickness, or increase in grain-size steepens the gradient and creates accommodation, allowing channels to aggrade. In fact without changes in other factors such as base level, channel aggradation should only occur when flow properties change. Increase in flow density or thickness, or decrease in grain-size reduce the gradient and remove accommodation, leading to erosional channels. Both long and short term changes tend from erosional to aggradational, with a tendency towards smaller and perhaps muddier flows with time.

In Tigray, Ethiopia highland farmers and noblemen used a common vernacular architecture to build places of political authority and power during the last century of Ethiopia's feudal economy. This study contributes to the perspective that domestic houses are active political locales integrated into the larger political landscape. In addition, it is argued that vernacular architectural style generates hierarchical power in part by manipulating building strategies usually attributed to monumental construction. The study concludes that vernacular architecture is actively engaged in rendering a political aesthetic that reproduces state authority in rural hinterlands.

Modern enterprise consists of complicate business processes and systems. The Enterprise Service-Oriented Architecture (ESOA) becomes an important architectural style that defines the principles for coping with the complexity of designing and implementing business systems. This paper classifies ESOA styles to six substyles and proposes a generic and abstract model for ESOA styles. The model consists of seven sets: services, service consumers, service data, infrastructure, processes, management and quality attributes. This paper formally defines each set and their relationships in ESOA style model, and discusses the roles of these sets. The model can be applied to specify various ESOA styles. As case studies, the definition of instance of ESOA style is applied to analyze and evaluate a Java component-based ESOA-style architecture and several other ESOA-style architectures. Finally, this paper concludes by comparing the proposed model with related ESOA models.

Résumé : La « collection Rouard » figure parmi les plus anciennes collections archéologiques du Musée d'Aix-en-Provence. Etienne Rouard, bibliothécaire et archéologue du XIX e siècle, a rassemblé du mobilier archéologique d'époque romaine d'un grand intérêt, bien que de valeur inégale et sans provenance précise. Cet ensemble comprend huit cent cinquante pièces de marbre classées selon deux catégories, le pavement en opus sectile et le placage décoratif. L'étude du matériel provenant de tous les vestiges que E. Rouard a exploré entre 1841 et 1844 à Aix-en-Provence, a permis de restituer, à partir des pièces de la collection, les motifs en opus sectile découverts en 1842 dans l'enclos Reynaud. Le style particulièrement composite des moulures de décoration reflète une pratique courante à l'époque de E. Rouard, plus collectionneur que scientifique. Le style architectural dominant indique toutefois que la décoration relève de vestiges plutôt monumentaux. Mots clefs : Aquae Sextiae, art décoratif, carrières régionales, marbre, opus sectile , réemploi, style architectural. Abstract : The « Rouard collection » is one of the oldest archaeological collections from Aix-en-Provence's Museum. Etienne Rouard, a XIX th Century librarian and archaeologist, gathered a collection of roman artifacts of great interest although of unequal value, as the precise origin of the pieces is not known. This set is comprised of 850 pieces of marble classified in two categories: paving slabs (opus sectile) and decorative wall slabs. The study of material, from all the sites that E. Rouard had explored between 1841 and 1844 at Aix-en-Provence, has made it possible to reconstitute the opus sectile patterns discovered in 1842 in the « Enclos Reynaud », using slabs from the collection. The very mixed styles of ornamental mouldings reflect on the sampling habits of E. Rouard, a collector rather than a scholar. However the dominant architectural style shows that the decoration belonged to walls of rather monumental proportions.

Triassic successions in the High Atlas of Marrakech (Morocco) provide excellent outcrop analogues for continental fluvial systems within an intra-montane rift basin and allow the study of facies distribution and controls on deposition. This paper focuses on the analysis of the Oukaimeden Sandstone Formation (F5), a fluvial dominated formation deposited in an active rift setting. Combination of traditional sedimentological field analysis with modern digital data capture techniques (e.g. spectral gamma-ray, LIDAR terrestrial scanner imaging) allows a detailed description and interpretation of the facies. The Oukaimeden Sandstone Formation is composed of channel sandstone bodies alternating with lenticular shaped fluvial bar sandstones and overbank mudstone deposits. Alternating with the fluvial facies, aeolian sandstones and alluvial fan deposits are also observed. Changes in architectural style are used to subdivide the formation into three members. The lower member (Lower Oukaimeden ) was deposited by an ephemeral braided system. The middle member (Middle Oukaimeden) records a change to perennial braided fluvial conditions in response to tectonics combined with a change in climate towards more humid conditions. The upper member (Upper Oukaimeden) is characterized by the return to ephemeral conditions, which combined with the occurrence of aeolian dunes, is interpreted to record increased aridity. The upper part of the member exhibits tidal influence, related to the first marine incursion into the basin. The Oukaimeden Sandstone Formation provide a well documented outcrop example of deposition within an intra-montane setting influenced by a combination of tectonic and climatic controls.

Architectural plans are design diagrams that describe building layout where space is planned according to design requirements. Style in architecture is generally characterized as common features appearing in a particular class of building design. This research seeks to address how to recognize architectural design style from a 2D plan diagram. We explore this question in a computational encoder-analyzer (E-A) model for 2D plans, where a characterization of 2D style is based on qualitative spatial representation and information theoretic measures. In a preliminary study of a prominent architect's plans, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. We conclude by discussing practical applications of automated plan recognition and classification in design support tools.

vii1 Introduction 11.1 What is the Purpose of the ATAM? 22 The Underlying Concepts 53 A Brief Introduction to the ATAM 74 Quality Attribute Characterizations 95 Scenarios 135.1 Types of Scenarios 135.2 Eliciting and Prioritizing Scenarios 165.3 Utility Trees 165.4 Scenario Brainstorming 186 Attribute-Based Architectural Styles 197 Outputs of the ATAM 217.1 Risks and Non-Risks 217.2 Sensitivity and Tradeoff Points

This paper reports on the design and implementation of a software development framework named COO (which stands for COOperation and COOrdination in the software process). Its design process is first detailed and justified. Then, the paper emphasizes its layered and subject-oriented architecture. Particularly, it is shown how this architectural style leads to a very flexible and powerful way of defining, integrating and combining services in a software development environment.

Vernacular architecture based on bioclimatism concepts were developed and used through the centuries by many civilizations across the world. Different civilizations have produced their own architectural styles based on the local conditions. This study is carried out on the vernacular buildings of north-east India across all the bioclimatic zones. A survey of forty two houses, more than seventy years old was carried out at representative locations across all bioclimatic zones. The study has yielded findings relating bioclimatism, socio-economic status and cultural setup with the vernacular architecture of the region. Also, different solar passive features are available in most of these houses, related to temperature control and promoting natural ventilation. These houses are constructed using locally available materials like wood, cane, bamboo, stone, mud, jute, lime and represent unique examples towards sustainable building design.

Abstract. We introduce Architectural Design Rewriting (ADR), an approach to deal with the design of reconfigurable software architectures. The key features we promote are: (i) rule-based approach (over graphs); (ii) hierarchical design; (iii) algebraic presentation; and (iv) inductivelydefined reconfigurations. Architectures are suitably modeled by graphs whose edges and nodes respectively represent components,and connection ports. Architectures are designed hierarchically by a

Vernacular architecture based on bioclimatism concepts were developed and used through the centuries by many civilizations across the world. Different civilizations have produced their own architectural styles based on the local conditions. This study is carried out on the vernacular buildings of north-east India across all the bioclimatic zones. A survey of forty two houses, more than seventy years old was carried out at representative locations across all bioclimatic zones. The study has yielded findings relating bioclimatism, socio-economic status and cultural setup with the vernacular architecture of the region. Also, different solar passive features are available in most of these houses, related to temperature control and promoting natural ventilation. These houses are constructed using locally available materials like wood, cane, bamboo, stone, mud, jute, lime and represent unique examples towards sustainable building design.