Baranja

A csata korabeli, sokszor művészi igényű ábrázolásai, térképvázlatai olyan azonosítható földrajzi elemeket, terepjellegeket tartalmaznak, amelyek a terepen, a korszerű térképműveken azonosíthatók. Egyes csataképek a madártávlati nézetük belső változásai mellett is arányosak, így meggondolandó térinformatikai eszközökkel való elemzésük. A vizsgálat kiterjedt a csatatér és az érintett környezet seregmozgásokat befolyásoló földrajzi, felszínmorfológiai viszonyaira, a hadmozdulatok által érintett távolabbi tér vizsgálatára is. A művészi ábrázolásokon túli egyes képi megjelenítések, térképek, korábbi szakirodalmi eredmények elemzésével a további régészeti kutatás kiemelt fontosságú területei is meghatározhatók.
Draft V0R3

Knjiga je podijeljena u dva dijela – prvi dio je teorijski i u njemu se govori o geografsko-povijesnom okviru regije, nositeljima tradicijske kulture te usmenoj književnosti regije s naglaskom na pričama. Drugi dio knjige donosi prvi sustavan prikaz zapisa usmenih priča iz regije podijeljenih u poglavlja prema tipičnim usmenoknjiževnim žanrovima (predaje, svagdanjske i šaljive priče, priče o životinjama i basne, bajke, pričanja o životu, viceve i jednoj zabilježenoj legendi) i upravo ovdje vidimo moguću važnost objavljivanja ove knjige jer se prvi puta na jednom mjestu mogu čitati sami tekstovi koje je u obliku priča kazivao Baranjac.

The most northeastern Limes locality in Croatia is Roman fort Ad Militare which is located in a modern-day settlement of Batina. As geophysical research has been conducted on that archaeological site during a 3-season survey (2010-2013), consequently the probable layout of the complete local stone Roman fort has been identified. At a time, it was the first site whose entire internal ground-plan, next to the entire Croatian section of the Danube Limes, is known. Given the fact that the fort Ad Militare is partly overbuilt by recent structures, such a circumstance omits its larger-scale excavations. Therefore, experts coming from the Museum of Slavonia in Osijek and Institute for tourism in Zagreb have developed a concept how to, in a short-term, present that Roman site of a currently limited in situ presentation possibilities, to public. Within the framework of EU funded South East Europe-Danube Limes Brand Program, the first and the so far only information-board on the course of the Limes in Croatia has been appointed in the vicinity of that Roman site in Batina, nearby the location where visitor center in future could be established. The use of a QR-code applied on that information-board can directly lead the beneficiary to a web-address www.limescroatia.eu, where one can browse through a short 3D computer visualization of a fort Ad Militare. Aside some other intended presentation measures, this far a 1st person real-time animated version about the site was developed and designed for the use on a PC and as a mobile application.

U radu se govori o pudarinama – godišnjem običaju koji se odvijao u južnoj Baranji u drugoj polovici ljeta, odnosno u vrijeme dozrijevanja grožđa jer je sama srž njegova odvijanja bilo upravo čuvanje grožđa. Cilj je rada opisati sam običaj, no i prikazati koji su bili pravi razlozi njegova prakticiranja, odnosno čuvanje je grožđa bilo samo izgovor za popratne okolnosti koje čine pravu vrijednost običaja, a to je bilo upoznavanje mladih ljudi i priprema djevojaka za brak.

Owing to the Project Baranja – the Danube Limes in Croatia, financed in 2013 AD by the Ministry of Culture (Republic of Croatia), systematic archaeological excavation was carried out in Batina, on cadastre lot 949. There, at the easternmost plateau of Bansko brdo, at least one Roman structure made of wood was constructed. Remains of bricks, tites and sparse small finds were found on site. Judging by the location and datable material, it could have been an watchtower from the 4th century.
Likewise, traces of a Dalj culture settlement from the 9th/8th centuries BC were found on the lot. This population lived in houses made in the shape of round semi-dugouts and square, above ground houses. Collected bone finds led to the conclusion that the inhabitants were mostly fishermen, whose dwelling places were guarded by dogs. Later, these bones were identified as remains of Red deers. Many pits were excavated as well.

Imajući u vidu nepregledno velik broj historiografskih bibliografskih jedinica na mađarskom jeziku koji se bave poviješću Baranje, u ovom će radu biti iznesene samo osnovne smjernice o tome gdje bi svako istraživanje mađarske historiografije o hrvatskoj Baranji trebalo započeti,  a u svakoj od navedenih publikacija navedena je daljnja literatura o danoj problematici.

In March 2012 archaeologists from the Archaeological Museum in Osijek carried out a field survey of the route of the future local road L 44064 between Popovac and Kamenac. Two prehistoric sites were found: Klenovac 1 and Klenovac 2. Both sites were located along the natural communication line through the present day Bansko brdo, most probably known from prehistoric times.

In 2013 geophysical surveys were carried out at the multilayered site of Gradina in Lug. The surveys were undertaken at a position presumed to be the location of a Roman fort named Albanum. The investigations covered an area of about 7000 m² and its size was conditioned by the location of contemporary residential structures. The depth of the archaeological remains in Lug varied: there were traces at depth of only 0.2 m, but the archaeologically relevant ones were found at a depth from approximately 0.7 m all the way to more than 1.3 m.
At the site two directions of the Roman walls can be determined with certainty for now. One, which was built in the east-west direction, was partially cut through by a garage on
the cadastre lot no. 626, and the other in the direction north-south passed under the present day Reformation church on lot no. 639. Structures that can be attributed to the remains of torched earth and possibly interpreted as pits, fire pits or flooring were depicted at a depth of more than 1.3 m.

The early rise and progression of the Reformation around the Middle Danube, in the central parts of the former Hungarian-Croatian Kingdom, is a well-known phenomenon, primarily in Hungarian historiography. This phenomenon comprised parts of present-day Croatia, namely eastern Slavonia and Baranja, at that time territories of the Ottoman Empire. Despite this fact, the sixteenth- and the seventeenth-century Reformation in this area has received little attention among Croatian historians, who mostly consider it (unfoundedly and anachronistically) as a fleeting episode of little importance. The primary sources for the study of this subject include above all: letters and reports written by Protestant preachers and ministers as well as those by Catholic clergy and missionaries; early works of the Hungarian Protestant church historiography; and Ottoman and Habsburg tax registers and household censuses. A special place among the earliest sources belongs to Michael Starinus (Michael of Sztára, d. 1575), a schoolmaster and Paduan student turned into an ardent Protestant preacher, leader and author of a variegated body of writings. In a letter of 1551, written in Laskó (today Lug) in Baranja, Starinus describes in a humorous literary fashion how he and his assistants prevailed against Catholic priests in their fight for the loyalty of the Christian people around Valpovo and Vukovar (in eastern Slavonia). The details contained in this short report have become later, among Croatian Catholic church historians, the starting point of a peculiar interpretation of the events referred to by Starinus. This series of historians, among whom we find Euzebije Fermendžin, Matija Pavić, Emerik Gašić, Paškal Cvekan and others, have (mis)interpreted Starinus' lines as being proofs of the violence and torture allegedly used by the Protestants against Catholic clergy. While it is clear (and sufficiently corroborated by extant sources) that Protestant-Catholic relations of this period and in this area were indeed violent at times, it is also quite demonstrable that these nineteenth- and twentieth-century historians read their own preconceptions and biases into Starinus' text. In this paper I will provide a review of these biased readings and retellings of Starinus' original passage against the backdrop of a historical and philological analysis of its actual contents.

In 2012 non-destructive archaeological investigations were carried out at the site of Gradac in Batina in the location of the Roman fort Ad Militare. The research was commissioned by the Museum of Slavonia in Osijek (Croatia) and was executed by the firm Gearth Ltd. from Maribor (Slovenia). The depth of the archaeological finds varied but in most cases they appeared at a depth ranging from approximately 0.3-0.5 m to 1-1.5 m. Similar investigations were carried out in the course of 2010. At that time the position, dimensions and appearance of the main building were discovered in the fort located there (principia), a “L” shaped structure which could have served as a command (praetorium) or as a barrack (centuria), as well as parts of the eastern and western wall of the fort. These investigations contributed to the attainment of a more comprehensive perception of the buildings in the interior of the fort, which in 2012 focused on the northeastern and central parts of the site and part of the north and west walls. The overall area in which the GPR investigations have been carried out to date at the location of the auxiliary fort Ad Militare in Batina covered approximately 1 ha which is about one half of the area of the locality.

Radom se prikazuje toponimija južne Baranje na području pet naselja (Popovac, Branjina, Kneževo, Branjin Vrh i Podolje) podno sjeverne strane Bansko- ga brda. Prikazuju se povijesna imena naselja te njihov razvoj od prvoga spomena do danas prateći ih po povijesnim izvorima, ali i kako su korijeni povijesnih ojkonima negdašnjih srednjovjekovnih naselja utkani u današnju mikrotoponimiju. Navode se i mikrotoponimi u okolici navedenih naselja s posebnim osvrtom na toponime Banskoga brda te hidronime i regionime toga područja. U radu se donosi i značenjska klasifikacija obrađivanih toponima.

In 2013 the funds for geo-physical surveys along the the Danube limes in Croatia, within the framework of the campaign in Batina, were provided by the European Union IPA Programme - South East Europe Danube Limes
Brand. In the course of 2013 excavations at the Ad Militare fort that had been previously carried out in 2010 and 2012 were continued by GPR surveys. The investigations to date showed that the citadel had 6 barracks, two granaries and one three-nave or two detached structures in the southeast part of the fort which could possibly have been workshops. An unique example of Roman architecture was detected in the centre of the fort where the principia and praetorium made up a single complex. Corner towers were not detected in the fort. It is possible to reconstruct the positions of all the entrance gates to the fort. According to the plan of the archaeological remains the detected phase of the site can be dated to the 2nd century. It is possible to view its three dimensional computer imaging at www.limescroatia.eu.
At a position east of the fort Ad Militare in Batina, on cadastre lot 949, and on the basis of GPR and magnetometric sensor surveys numerous structures were discovered which can be defined as archaeological remains. The detected structures can be attributed as the remains of charred clay, ovens, post pits and pits filled with pottery material.

Rad donosi sažeti prikaz rezultata istraživanja provedenih na lokalitetu Novi Čeminac – Remanec poljana – Krčevine. Kako
se taj lokalitet nalazi na trasi buduće autoceste A5 Beli Manastir – Osijek – Svilaj, dionica Beli Manastir – Osijek, točnije
na spojnoj cesti istočno od čvora Čeminac – južni krak, Institut za arheologiju je na njemu proveo probna istraživanja putem
istražnih rovova. Arheološki objekti nisu istraživani nego su samo dokumentirani. Sva keramika pronađena na lokalitetu
može se datirati u brončano doba pa možemo pretpostaviti da i većina objekata potječe iz toga razdoblja.

Zaštitno arheološki istraživanje provedeno je 2014. godine na trasi autoceste A5, dionica Beli Manastir - Osijek. Istražena je površina veća od 7 ha. Istraženo je više od 700 različitih arheoloških objekata iz razdoblja eneolitika, brončanog i željeznog doba, rimskog razdoblja i kasnog srednjeg vijeka. Među nalazima se izdvaja kasnoantička ostava brončanih i željeznih predmeta koji su bili pohranjeni u velikom brončanom kotlu.