Bestattungssitten Kupferzeit
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Corded Ware Culture of Central Germany. Next to the well known sex dependent positioning of the deceased the burials show also dependencies between grave goods, esp. vessel size and form, and the age at death as well as the sex of the... more
Corded Ware Culture of Central Germany. Next to the well known sex dependent positioning of the deceased the burials show also dependencies between grave goods, esp. vessel size and form, and the age at death as well as the sex of the individual. Though a neglect of the elderly postulated for Bohemia (Wiermann 2002) and Central Germany (Gessner 2005) cannot be proved.
Auf einer vorangehenden Studie zum Zusammenhang von Schädeldefekt und Waffenbeigabe in der mitteldeutschen Schnurkeramik aufbauend, wurden nun zwei nahe gelegene Regionen mit demselben Maßstab untersucht. Für Böhmen wurden Daten vom... more
Auf einer vorangehenden Studie zum Zusammenhang von Schädeldefekt und Waffenbeigabe in der mitteldeutschen Schnurkeramik aufbauend, wurden nun zwei nahe gelegene Regionen mit demselben Maßstab untersucht. Für Böhmen wurden Daten vom Gräberfeld Vikletice (Buchvaldek 1967), für das Taubertal von sechs Gräberfeldern (Dresely 2004; Menninger 2008) erhoben. In allen drei Regionen sind Individuen mit Schädeldefekten mit ca. 4–20 % recht häufig, sie konzentrieren sich in den höheren Sterbealtersklassen und treten bei beiderlei Geschlecht auf. Andere Merkmale offenbaren jedoch größere Unterschiede. Im Taubertal lässt sich keine Seitenpräferenz der Verletzungen feststellen, während sich bei mitteldeutschen und böhmischen Männern die Verletzungen auf der linken Schädelseite häufen. Neben einer allgemein gefährlichen Umwelt werden dafür Kämpfe mit rechtshändiger Waffenführung als Ursache vorgeschlagen. Außerdem betonen in Mitteldeutschland und Böhmen Äxte (und Keulen) den kämpferischen Aspekt in einigen Bestattungen, während in den Gräbern des Taubertals nur Beile auftreten. Daraus wird insgesamt eine andere bzw. stärkere gesellschaftliche Bedeutung des Waffenträgers in der mitteldeutschen und böhmischen Schnurkeramik geschlussfolgert. Aus der unterschiedlichen Altersverteilung der Waffenbeigaben in den Regionen wird für Mitteldeutschland (Waffen ab juvenis) ein Verdienstmechanismus, für Böhmen und das Taubertal (Waffen ab infans) jedoch eine mit der Waffe verbundene Statuserblichkeit gefolgert.
With the Axe – by the Axe. The Relationship of Skull Defect and Weapons in Burials of the Corded Ware Culture.
The results of a recent study concerning skull defects and weapons in burials of the central German Corded Ware Culture will be tested on material from neighbouring regions. Therefore data from Vikletice (Buchvaldek 1967), Bohemia and six places in the Taubertal have been collected (Dresely 2004; Menninger 2008). The proportion of individuals with skull defects spans from 4–20 % in all three regions, depending on the scale used. They concentrate in the highest age-at-death classes and are about equally spread between male and female burials. Nonetheless, we found considerable differences between the geographical regions. There was no side preference in the defects from the Taubertal. In contrast, the traumata of central German and Bohemian males occurred more often on the left side of the skull – as expected in armed face-to-face fights with right handed individuals. The militant aspect of some of the central German and Bohemian burials is further emphasized by flat axes as well as battle axes and mace heads – the latter two not present in the Taubertal – among the grave goods. Hence, we infer a different, maybe stronger, social importance of armed men in central Germany and Bohemia. Combined with the different age distributions of weapon burials, we conclude a merit-based mechanism for central Germany (weapons only with juveniles and older) and the heritability of a weapon/ status in Bohemia and the Taubertal (weapons in child burials).
With the Axe – by the Axe. The Relationship of Skull Defect and Weapons in Burials of the Corded Ware Culture.
The results of a recent study concerning skull defects and weapons in burials of the central German Corded Ware Culture will be tested on material from neighbouring regions. Therefore data from Vikletice (Buchvaldek 1967), Bohemia and six places in the Taubertal have been collected (Dresely 2004; Menninger 2008). The proportion of individuals with skull defects spans from 4–20 % in all three regions, depending on the scale used. They concentrate in the highest age-at-death classes and are about equally spread between male and female burials. Nonetheless, we found considerable differences between the geographical regions. There was no side preference in the defects from the Taubertal. In contrast, the traumata of central German and Bohemian males occurred more often on the left side of the skull – as expected in armed face-to-face fights with right handed individuals. The militant aspect of some of the central German and Bohemian burials is further emphasized by flat axes as well as battle axes and mace heads – the latter two not present in the Taubertal – among the grave goods. Hence, we infer a different, maybe stronger, social importance of armed men in central Germany and Bohemia. Combined with the different age distributions of weapon burials, we conclude a merit-based mechanism for central Germany (weapons only with juveniles and older) and the heritability of a weapon/ status in Bohemia and the Taubertal (weapons in child burials).
Vorlage eines ganz erhaltenen Gefäßes der späten Glockenbecherkultur, das wahrscheinlich aus einem Grab stammt.