Biodiesel Blends

Globally, the environmental awareness is driving the research towards energy resources that are more beneficial to milieu. Biofuel is considered to be a remarkable option for that. Among the sources of biofuels, vegetable oils are the cheapest, easily available and in abundant quantity. However, some processes are needed to make vegetable oils suitable for engines because vegetable oils have certain detrimental properties. In this study, three potential feedstocks, namely, moringa, sesame and rice bran oils are critically investigated as potential sources for biodiesel production. The work was divided into several steps: firstly, the production of biodiesel from the three feedstocks; secondly, the measurement of the important physical and chemical properties of biodiesels; and finally, the development of mathematical equations with the help of polynomial curve fitting method for biodiesel–diesel and biodiesel–biodiesel blends to predict the most important properties, such as kinematic viscosity, flash point, calorific value, CFPP of the blended biodiesel. The experiment has shown that the three feedstocks can be considered to be feasible sources for biodiesel. It is seen from the experiment that biodiesel blends have notable effect on properties; for instance, the viscosity of the rice bran oil is improved to 5.1631 mm2 s
1 from 5.3657 mm2 s
1, when mixed with sesame biodiesel at a volume ratio of 3 : 1. Moreover, it is improved to 5.0921 mm2 s
1, when mixed with moringa biodiesel at a volume ratio of 3 : 1. Moreover, flash point and CFPP of rice bran biodiesel are also improved, when mixed with sesame or moringa biodiesel in any percentage.

The main objective of this project is to study the fuel spray pattern of bio-diesel for different blends at different temperatures and pressures, then compare these spray patterns with the spray pattern of diesel fuel. The performance of engine running on bio-diesel for different blends at different temperatures, then compare those results with the performance of conventional diesel and also to investigate the properties of fuel such as specific gravity, density, viscosity etc. of diesel and biodiesel fuel. The Test fuels used were a conventional diesel and 20%, 30%, 40%, blends of Transesterified PAMO oil with diesel. In order to analyze the performance of engine the above mentioned biodiesel blends were used to run the engine at room temperature and also at elevated temperatures and the parameters like brake power, brake thermal efficiencies and Mechanical efficiencies were tabulated and compared with that of conventional diesel fuel. And in order to analyze the fuel spray pattern the above mentioned biodiesel blends were sprayed through fuel injectors of three different nozzle pressures which are 180 bar, 200 bar and 220 bar at room temperature and also elevated temperatures and the resulting spray patterns of the biodiesel blends were compared with the spray patterns of diesel fuel. Also the various properties such as viscosity, flash point, fire point etc., of diesel and the three blends of biodiesel were measured by conducting their respective tests. In this work it was found that the viscosities of the various blends of the biodiesel decreases with increase in temperature of the fuel and also that the biodiesel blends of 20%, 30%, 40%, Transesterifies PAMO oil can be successfully used as fuels in Compression Ignition (CI) engines without many engine modifications as they exhibit better thermal efficiency and much similar to that of diesel at room and elevated temperatures of up to 40 Degree Celsius.

Presently diesel generation against consumption is seen as the problem for future. Therefore the alternative is required to be found out. Biodiesel is found the potential resource as an alternative to diesel. The present automobile industry which uses 100% diesel is to be replaced by the blend of diesel & biodiesel. The various biodiesel blends study is carried out & particularly for Palm-based biodiesel blends with petro diesel is considered for the study. The present work is to study the engine performance & exhaust emission for optimum blend ratio of above mentioned biodiesel petro diesel blends. The experiments will be carried out & the result will be shown. The pure petro diesel (100%) and blend ratio of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%and 35% will be taken for experiment. The literature says that the optimum blend ratio for biodiesel and petro diesel is around 20%. The exhaust emission will also be studied. Care is taken during work, the existing engine should work with the suggested blend ratio and should give good engine performance and the exhaust emission should be minimum or within a tolerable limit.

Use of biodiesel in automobile engine is creating tribology related new challenges. The present study aims to assess the friction and wear characteristics of palm biodiesel at different concentration level by using four-ball wear machine. The investigated fuels were biodiesel (B100), diesel (B0) and three different biodiesel blends such as B10 (10% biodiesel in diesel), B20, B50. Tests were conducted at 75 °C under a normal load of 40 kg for 1 h at four different speeds viz, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 rpm. Worn surfaces of the balls were examined by SEM. Results showed that wear and friction decreased with the increase of biodiesel concentration. The wear of steel ball in B100 was appeared to be 20% lower than that in diesel (B0). © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890412004578