Biological risk

RESUMEN
Introducción. Los accidentes de trabajo por exposición al riesgo biológico (ATBIO) son causas potenciales de enfermedades infecciosas relacionadas con alta morbilidad y mortalidad. La identificación de las causas que generan dicha accidentalidad permitirá establecer estrategias que controlen y disminuyan la siniestralidad laboral. El objetivo del presente manuscrito fue establecer la asociación entre los rasgos de personalidad, principalmente el rasgo de personalidad de despreocupación y la ocurrencia de ATBIO en el personal de enfermería del Hospital Universitario de Santander entre el periodo 2008 y 2009. Metodología. Estudio de casos y controles. Resultados. Se incluyeron 68 (18%) casos con historia de ATBIO y 290 controles, para una razón caso: control de 1:4. En el análisis multivariado se encontraron las siguientes variables asociadas a la accidentalidad laboral de riesgo biológico: percibir el riesgo de presentar un ATBIO en el servicio como alta OR: 0.42 (IC 95% 0.23 – 0.75), trabajar 24 o más horas adicionales a la semana OR: 2.66 (IC 95% 1.34 – 5.28), laborar en el servicio de urgencias OR: 2.72 (IC 95% 1.38 – 5.35) , no disponer de guantes cuando se requieren durante su labor OR: 2.05 (IC 95% 1.10 – 3.79), y percibir el riesgo como alto disminuye el riesgo en el 60%. Conclusión. Se identificaron variables significativas relacionadas con la ocurrencia de accidentes de trabajo, las cuales facilitarán la planeación, ejecución e implementación de programas de salud ocupacional dirigidos al control de la accidentalidad laboral de riesgo biológico. No se evidenció relación entre rasgos de personalidad y la ocurrencia de ATBIO.

ABSTRACT
Introduction. Work accidents involving exposure to biological hazards (ATBIO for its Spanish original) are potential causes of infectious diseases related to high morbidity and mortality rates. The identification of the causes that produce such accident rate will enable the implementation of strategies to control and reduce work-related accidents. The objective was establishing the association between personality traits, particularly the personality trait of unconcern, and the occurrence of ATBIO among the nursing staff of Hospital Universitario de Santander in the period from 2008 to 2009. Methodology. Case-control study. Results. The study included 68 (18%) cases with ATBIO history and 290 controls, for a case-to-control ratio of 1:4. The multivariate análisis found the following variables associated with work-accident rate involving biological hazards: perceiving the risk of an ATBIO at work as high, OR: 0.42 (CI 95% 0.23 – 0.75); working 24 or more additional hours per week, OR: 2.66 (CI 95% 1.34 – 5.28); working in the emergency room, OR: 2.72 (CI 95% 1.38 – 5.35); not wearing gloves when they are required for the task, OR: 2.05 (CI 95% 1.10 – 3.79), and perceiving the risk as high reduces the risk by 60%. Conclusion. Significant variables were identified related to the occurrence of work accidents, which will facilitate planning, execution and implementation of occupational health programs aimed at controlling work-accident rate involving biological hazards. No evidence was found of a relationship between personality traits and the occurrence of ATBIO.

RESUMO
Introdução. Acidentes de trabalho por exposição a risco biológico (ATBIO) são potenciais causas de doenças infecciosas relacionadas à alta morbimortalidade. A identificação das causas que geram essa acidentalidade permitirá estabelecer estratégias que controlem e reduzam a taxa de accidentes de trabalho. Objetivo era estabelecer stabelecer a associação entre os traços de personalidade, principalmente o traço de personalidade despreocupada e a ocorrência de ATBIO nos profissionais de enfermagem do Hospital Universitário de Santander entre o período de 2008 e 2009. Metodologia. Estudo caso-controle. Resultados. Foram incluídos 68 (18%) casos com um histórico de ATBIO e 290 controles, para uma relação caso: controle de 1:4. Na análise multivariada, foram encontradas as seguintes variáveis associadas à taxa de acidente de trabalho de risco biológico: perceber o risco de apresentar ATBIO no serviço como elevado OR: 0.42 (IC 95% 0.23 - 0.75); trabalhar 24 ou mais horas adicionais por semana OR: 2.66 (IC 95% 1.34 - 5.28); trabalhar na área de emergências OR: 2.72 (IC 95% 1.38 - 5.35); não usar luvas quando são necessárias durante o trabalho OR: 2.05 (IC 95% 1.10 - 3.79); e perceber o risco como alto reduz o risco em 60%. Conclusão. Foram identificadas variáveis significativas relacionadas à ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho, o que facilitará o planejamento, execução e implantação de programas de saúde ocupacional voltados ao controle de acidentes de trabalho de risco biológico. Não houve evidência de uma relação entre traços de personalidade e a ocorrência de ATBIO.

RESUMEN Introducción. Los accidentes de trabajo por exposición al riesgo biológico (ATBIO) son causas potenciales de enfermedades infecciosas relacionadas con alta morbilidad y mortalidad. La identificación de las causas que generan dicha accidentalidad permitirá establecer estrategias que controlen y disminuyan la siniestralidad laboral. El objetivo del presente manuscrito fue establecer la asociación entre los rasgos de personalidad, principalmente el rasgo de personalidad de despreocupación y la ocurrencia de ATBIO en el personal de enfermería del Hospital Universitario de Santander entre el periodo 2008 y 2009. Metodología. Estudio de casos y controles. Resultados. Se incluyeron 68 (18%) casos con historia de ATBIO y 290 controles, para una razón caso: control de 1:4. En el análisis multivariado se encontraron las siguientes variables asociadas a la accidentalidad laboral de riesgo biológico: percibir el riesgo de presentar un ATBIO en el servicio como alta OR: 0.42 (IC 95% 0.23...

Nursing students are at high risk of injury while on clinical placement. The incidence of injury is three times higher in comparison to other healthcare workers, with a prevalence ranging from 25% up to 33,2%. Lack of knowledge and of experience in delivering nursing care, anxiety and unfamiliarity with the clinical environment all represent risk factors for injury. This study describes the number and type of injuries occurring in an organizational setting where nursing students are trained in simulation laboratories before being exposed to a real clinical environment. An eight year retrospective observational study (2009 to 2017) was conducted on a non-probabilistic population of 1,403 nursing students from a university in the north of Italy. Incident reports were anonymised and entered in a database. Overall the percentage of students who reported an injury (6,2%) was much lower than the one reported in the literature. The nursing programme curriculum of the above mentioned univer...

Nursing students are at high risk of injury while on clinical placement. The incidence of injury is three times higher in comparison to other healthcare workers, with a prevalence ranging from 25% up to 33,2%. Lack of knowledge and of experience in delivering nursing care, anxiety and unfamiliarity with the clinical environment all represent risk factors for injury. This study describes the number and type of injuries occurring in an organizational setting where nursing students are trained in simulation laboratories before being exposed to a real clinical environment. An eight year retrospective observational study (2009 to 2017) was conducted on a non-probabilistic population of 1,403 nursing students from a university in the north of Italy. Incident reports were anonymised and entered in a database. Overall the percentage of students who reported an injury (6,2%) was much lower than the one reported in the literature. The nursing programme curriculum of the above mentioned univer...

RESUMO O problema dos resíduos sólidos de saúde é tema de interesse mundial e tem sido tratado juntamente com os problemas relativos à saúde e ao saneamento básico. Durante no atendimento aos usuários, diferentes materiais são utilizados, gerando efluentes que precisarão ser tratados. A grande variedade de resíduos sólidos que são gerados na área da saúde requer o gerenciamento adequado. Esses resíduos, pelas suas características, deverão sofrer tratamentos diferenciados, desde a sua geração até o destino final. Para melhorar a destinação final desses resíduos e a diminuição dos riscos ocupacionais nas instituições de saúde, faz-se necessário o gerenciamento adequado desses resíduos e o cumprimento das legislações sanitária e ambiental. Além do cumprimento das normas de segurança do Ministério do Trabalho. Estas devem ser do conhecimento de todos os envolvidos com a geração desses resíduos, para que se possa ter maior segurança e saúde ocupacional, minimizando o risco biológico e a diminuição do impacto no meio ambiente. Os profissionais da área da saúde são os principais responsáveis pela produção desses resíduos sólidos no serviço. Logo, são eles que necessitam de maior esclarecimento sobre os danos que podem ocasionar para a saúde humana e para o meio ambiente. O treinamento em serviço, a orientação para lidar com o lixo proveniente das instituições de saúde, ainda é o maior investimento na área. ABSTRACT The problem of solid waste is a health issue of global concern and has been dealt with problems relating to health and sanitation. During the service users, different materials are used, producing effluents that need to be treated. A wide variety of solid waste that are generated in health requires proper management. These wastes, by their nature, should undergo different treatments, from its generation to final destination. To improve the disposal of such waste and the reduction of occupational hazards in health institutions, it is necessary to the proper management of these wastes and compliance with health and environmental laws. In addition to compliance with the safety standards of the Ministry of Labour. These should be known by everyone involved with the generation of such wastes so that they can have greater occupational health and safety, minimizing biological risk

Çalışma hayatı insan yaşamının vazgeçilmez bir parçasıdır ve insan hayatının önemli bir bölümünü çalışma ortamında geçirir. Bu ortamlar çalışanın bedensel, ruhsal ve sosyal sağlığını bozacak tehlike ve riskler taşıması sebebiyle önemlidir. Çalışma hayatında fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik risk etmenleri ile karşı karşıya kalırız. Fiziksel ve kimyasal riskler için mesleki maruziyet değerleri tanımlanmıştır, ancak biyolojik riskler için sınır değerlerden bahsetmek mümkün değildir. Günümüz de biyolojik etmenlere en çok maruz kalan sağlık çalışanlarıdır. Sağlık çalışanları Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün pandemi ilan ettiği Covid-19 nedeniyle büyük bir risk altındadır. Bu tehlikeler çalışanlarında iş performanslarının azalmasına neden olmakla birlikte, iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıklarını artırmaktadır. Bu durum hem sağlık çalışanını hem de diğer çalışanların güvenliğini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle, sağlıklı ve güvenli çalışma ortamı oluşturmak için, hayatımızın önemli bir bölümünü geçirdiğimiz çalışma ortamının iş sağlığı ve güvenliği mevzuatı hükümlerine uygun hale getirilmesi önemlidir. Bu derlemede çalışma hayatında biyolojik risk faktörlerinin önemi ve korunma yollarına değinilmiştir.

SINTESI CONTESTO - Diversi funghi (muffe, lieviti) possono essere presenti in vari ambienti di lavoro ed essere causa di un'ampia gamma di disturbi respiratori tra cui allergie ed irritazioni. In effetti, numerose proteine di origine fungina sono state identificate come importanti allergeni. Pertanto, in determinati ambienti di lavoro risulta essenziale rilevare con metodi rapidi ed accurati la presenza di ceppi

Les  rumeurs  autour  de  la  pandémie  Covid-19,  partie  de  la  Chine  centrale  en  mi-novembre  2019,  alimentent  plusieurs  fantasmes  conspirationnistes.  Il  s’agit,  notamment, d’hypothèse d’attaque biologique sur fond d’une guerre commerciale ou  d’une  fuite  du  pathogène  SARS  Co-V2  d’un  programme  biologique  chinois.  En  marge  de  cette  spirale,  au  demeurant  spéculative,  se  réactualise  le  débat  sur  l’emploi des armes biologiques

The recent case of outbreak of the animal foot and mouth disease in august 2007 in the UK, linked with the potential breaches of biosecurity at the neighbour Pirbright site, shows the necessity for authorities to manage data that will be helpful both for setting priorities for inspections and legal compliance, and for the information of the public and the decision makers. To generalize ideas and principles of information treatment described in this paper, prevention from accidental releases can be facilitated. A unique method to quantify the risk of the contained use of pathogenic organisms was developed which is easy to use, comprehensible, reproducible, and allows for the automated import of data, risk calculation and export to GIS-visualization tools. The data exchange automation was implemented between biological risk management data of the Swiss federal information system (ECOGEN) and the Geneva cantonal information system for the industrial environment (SI-GEI) which is used to control behavior of companies subjected to environmental regulations. Using adaptive sorting criteria, all the selected projects on the contained use of pathogens were submitted to risk calculations as part of the application of the Geneva risk project, called the Cantonal Risk Register (CRR), incorporating GIS (Geographical Information System) risk representation of chemical facilities and transportation roads.

Background and aim of the study: Nursing students are at high risk of injury while on clinical placement. The incidence of injury is three times higher in comparison to other healthcare workers, with a prevalence ranging from 25% up to 33,2%. Lack of knowledge and of experience in delivering nursing care, anxiety and unfamiliarity with the clinical environment all represent risk factors for injury. This study describes the number and type of injuries occurring in an organizational setting where nursing students are trained in simulation laboratories before being exposed to a real clinical environment. Methods: An eight year retrospective observational study (2009 to 2017) was conducted on a non-probabilistic population of 1,403 nursing students from a university in the north of Italy. Incident reports were anonymised and entered in a database. Results: Overall the percentage of students who reported an injury (6,2%) was much lower than the one reported in the literature. Conclusions...

Background and aim of the study: Nursing students are at high risk of injury while on clinical placement. The incidence of injury is three times higher in comparison to other healthcare workers, with a prevalence ranging from 25% up to 33,2%. Lack of knowledge and of experience in delivering nursing care, anxiety and unfamiliarity with the clinical environment all represent risk factors for injury. This study describes the number and type of injuries occurring in an organizational setting where nursing students are trained in simulation laboratories before being exposed to a real clinical environment. Methods: An eight year retrospective observational study (2009 to 2017) was conducted on a non-probabilistic population of 1,403 nursing students from a university in the north of Italy. Incident reports were anonymised and entered in a database. Results: Overall the percentage of students who reported an injury (6,2%) was much lower than the one reported in the literature. Conclusions: The nursing programme curriculum of the above mentioned university consists of frontal lectures, group works, simulation based sessions and supervised clinical practice designed to equip students with all the necessary knowledge and clinical skills to prevent health care injuries. Despite the encouraging results of this study, further actions in order to protect first year students, who are more subject to risk of injuries, are recommended.