Biomass Conversion

A group of supramolecular solid materials known as "metal-organic frameworks"(MOFs) is a type of hybrid network made up of a variety of inorganic and organic linkers that are all tightly bonded to metal ions. These classes of compounds have a larger surface area with the benefit of variable pore sizes, a diverse structure, and a lovely appearance. They are promising materials for a range of applications because they are easy to develop and have consistent, fine-tunable pore structures. The controlled mixing of MOFs with functional materials is resulting in the development of new multifunctional composites and hybrids that display unique properties that outperform those of their parts as a whole. The structural characteristics, classification, and The most widely used and successful strategies for MOF composite synthesis are presented in the encapsulation method, Solvothermal method, Solution impregnation, and Click chemistry (reaction) method), numerous characterization techniques and their applications MOFs composite have all been covered in this review. Crystals with extremely high porosity and good thermal and chemical stability can be produced by carefully choosing the MOF ingredients. Because of these properties, MOF composites can be used for a wide range of applications, including, sensing toxic chemicals, drugs, gases, trace metals, components of foods, and many more, and also for the detection of different materials. This is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary and novel research area therefore to present the current situation of the field; this article has covered recent achievements as well as new avenues to investigate the future scope and uses of MOF composites/hybrid.

Carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) is a cellulose derivative that is being used in many industries such as food packaging. This study evaluates the parameter region i.e., NaOH concentration, sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) ratio, etherification temperature, and time for higher degree of substitution (DS) and viscosity of CMC synthesized from ozone pre-treated empty fruit bunch (EFB), named BiOzCMC. A fractional factorial design (FFD) by using Tibco Statistica software Ver. 13 are selected for the study. The cellulose from EFB, named OzyCELL was isolated by using novel ozonolysis technology (OzBiONY 2.0), followed by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) swelling, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching. The OzyCELL was then subjected to alkylation and etherification processes for BiOzCMC synthesis. Based on parametric analysis, the parameter region for DS >0.7, purity >90 % and viscosity >20 cP was found to be between 30-35 % of NaOH concentration, SMCA ratio 1:1.2-1:2.0, time 1.5-2.5 h, and temperature of 65-75 °C. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of BiOzCMC is comparable to commercial CMC and displayed excellent stability in dispersion based on zeta potential value (-59.67 mV) with a low crystallinity (35.9 %) and particle size of <0.25 mm.