Bronze Age/the Early Iron Age, Lusatian Culture

Celem poniższego tekstu jest próba zaprezentowania zmian w rozmieszczeniu brązowych i żelaznych szpil na obszarze zajmowanym przez ludność TKŁ. Na podstawie tych zmian autor będzie się zastanawiał nad zmianami w sposobie podejścia do żelaza. Zasadniczo dokładniejsze spojrzenie na szpile może dać tu bardzo interesujące wyniki, gdyż jest to jedyny przedmiot w TKŁ który był na szerszą skalę wykonywany zarówno z brązu i jak żelaza. Stąd rozpatrzenie tego nie wątpliwie ważnego przedmiotu pod kątem archeologii osadnictwa, jak również spojrzenie na jego kulturowe uwarunkowania, może dać ciekawe informacje odnośnie zmian jakie wprowadzało pojawienie się żelaza.  Do tego autor dokona tutaj podziału szpil na poszczególne podgrupy. Zastanowi się też czy nie istniał związek między typem szpili oraz jej wielkością a wiekiem i płcią osoby zmarłej. Zostaną tu więc poruszone zarówno kwestie zmian jakie wprowadzało pojawienie się żelaza jak i związek samych szpil z wiekiem oraz płcią ich użytkowników.



The purpose of the text below is an attempt to present changes in the distribution of bronze and iron pins in the area occupied by the
population of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture. Based on these changes, an issue of iron will be investigated. Pins are the only objects in the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture TLC, which were made on a larger scale from both bronze and iron. Therefore, considering this issue in terms of settlement archaeology, as well as a view at its cultural conditions, it may provide interesting information about the changes introduced by the appearance of iron. In the course of the research the division of pins into individual subgroups was made and the relationship between the type of these pins together with their size in the light of age and gender of the deceased was analyzed. The article will discuss both the issues of changes that were caused by the appearance of iron, and the relationship of the pins with age and the gender of their users.

V roku 2018 realizovalo Podtatranské múzeum v Poprade záchranný archeologický výskum vyvolaný výstavbou haly v priemyselnom
parku na polohe Novoveská cesta. Výskumom sa na polohe zachytili sídliskové objekty z prelomu konca doby bronzovej a začiatku doby železnej,  časť nádoby (hrnca) z obdobia vrcholného stredoveku a tiež objekty datované do 20. storočia, z ktorých časť patrila vojenskému cvičisku z obdobia 1. ČSR. Cieľom príspevku je stručne predstaviť objekty a nálezový materiál z obdobia konca doby bronzovej a zo staršej doby železnej.

Feeding the deceased is an often observed funeral rite visible in the archaeological record. In addition to the frequent appearance of botanical and faunal remains in burial sites of all prehistoric times, clear examples of carefully arranged meals inside the graves exist in many different archaeological communities and groups. his led to the general assumption that the dead have to be nourished with real food in their aterlife by the entombing societies. But can this statement actually be transferred to plant and animal remains appearing in Bronze Age burials as well? The following analysis of all organic elements and their contexts at the Lusatian urn field of Müllrose in East Brandenburg and a comparison of this site with contemporaneous archaeological sites in the region question this classical approach. A closer look at the archaeological features shows that the practice is not intended to fulil the physical need to eat in order to ensure survival ater death, but relects the disposal of ritual garbage and accidental mixtures during the deposition of the cremated bone material.

Wild décor which occurs on pottery vessels from the Middle Bronze Age to the advent of the Late Iron Age in Lusatia represents a radical break with decorative norms. Far from occurring randomly this décor is mainly found on small and miniaturized vessels and in the cases where this décor has been observed on pottery from  closed context  it has a clear focus on infant and children’s graves. Thus this décor which is clearly the result of intentionally haphazard action and stands in diametrical contrast to the usual pedantically symmetrical décor syntax on contemporary fine ware is seen within the context of female agency and domestic magic, as potting in non monetary societies is invariably women’s work, which in this case was clearly focused on the assisting the passage of a deceased child. 
For the first time asymmetrical and seemingly random décor on selected “Lusatian” vessels is seen as a willful product of domestic female charged ritual.