C4D

Information Technology (IT) development has changed the lifestyle of the people in the world.  With the discovery of 3D Printing technology we can visualize objects figure 3D (three dimensions) significantly. 3D printing technology previously only used in industrial companies due to the size of a large machine, but now there are portable 3D printing machine so it can be used private in home. In general, the working principle of 3D Printing is divided into three stages, creating 3D objects, printing and finishing. In this papers, the authors create 3D objects in C4D software. Results from this paper is replica of objects using 3D Printing that supports learning courses 3D animation.
Keywords: Object, 3D printing, C4D

There are many different ways of telling the story of the study and practice of communication for development (C4D) over the past ten years. There is clearly a great deal to be said about how social media and mobile technologies have enabled social movements in Brazil, Chile, Egypt, Tunisia, Turkey and elsewhere to mobilise in pursuit of positive social change. From an institutional perspective, we might highlight instead how information, communication and media appears to be gradually achieving a higher profile within the international development community. The most prominent example of this is the potential inclusion of reference to 'access to information and media' within the new Sustainable Development goals. There is also a story to be told about the increasing number of postgraduate university courses related to the study of C4D that have been established in the last decade. In the UK, for example, there are now at least eight different postgraduate degree programmes concerned with this subject; signalling a growing appetite amongst students to study these issues. Another compelling narrative, frequently reproduced in the media, concerns the potential of new communication technologies to transform conventional development projects. Whether in the context of humanitarian response, education or agricultural practices, new technologies are often framed as offering innovative and cost-effective solutions to long-standing development problems. Conversely, though, we might also tell a story of how such technologies have enabled governments to monitor public and private communications and to suppress dissent more effectively, or how they are being used in increasingly sophisticated ways to further the goals of terrorist organisations such as Islamic State. My purpose in sketching out these alternative narratives is to make clear that there can be no universal definition or history of the study and practice of C4D. The variation in these accounts also helps to demonstrate that the history – and potential futures – of C4D are socially constructed – and contested. In defining and describing the history of C4D we face inevitable choices of drawing attention either to institutions or individuals, state actors or non-state actors, communities or corporations, global processes or local actions. These choices are important because they help to legitimise some actors and forms of action over others. Put another way, once we acknowledge the rhetorical nature of narratives concerning the role of communication in development, then we can also begin to recognise that such narratives are also closely tied to different interests. To present access to new communication technologies as the central objective of C4D, for example, and to describe the history of C4D as a struggle to bridge the 'digital divide', clearly serves the interests of those (companies) who benefit from an expansion in levels of access to such technologies.

La influencia que ejerce la esfera comunicacional es estratégica para propiciar transformaciones culturales en aspectos ligados a las relaciones inequitativas, discriminaciones, violencias e invisibilizaciones; o en su defecto, para reforzar y perpetuarlas. Es por ello que durante cuatro meses, mujeres indígenas, afro y mestizas se dieron a la tarea de apropiar conocimientos y ponerlos en práctica en sus territorios. Comenzaron a ver la comunicación, más que como una herramienta, como un proceso participativo generador de sentido. De esta manera, el presente manual pretende ser una guía práctica y sencilla en la elaboración de estrategias de comunicación para incidir y tejer en el territorio y Así poder decir que ¡Unidas y conectadas somos más fuertes!

"Multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships (MCP) have been identified as a primary driver of HIV in Namibia. Consequently, a national social and behavior change communication (SBCC) campaign was launched to address this phenomenon. However,
campaign messaging and activities do not target refugees, while research indicates that male refugees are particularly vulnerable to factors alluding to participation in MCP. A need persists to extend the resources from Namibia’s national MCP SBCC campaign to this group.
This research sought to articulate the communicative ecology of Namibia’s male refugees to inform health communication initiatives concerned with MCP and HIV. Snapshot ethnography was conducted in Windhoek, Otjiwarongo and Osire Refugee Camp for 10 weeks. Participant mapping, interviews and go-alongs guided a grounded theory approach toward the illumination of the communicative ecology of Namibia’s male refugees. Analysis of the findings indicates that male refugees employ future orientations, mobility and communication assets to mitigate disempowering circumstances."

Copyright 2011, Nakia Matthias, All Rights Reserved

This handbook is intended to help improve the effectiveness of development programs through the appropriate use of communication and social marketing strategies and techniques. UNICEF published the handbook in order to better utilize communication and social marketing in the achievement of Child Survival and Development goals. The handbook has 3 functional uses: it can serve as a guide for planning and implementing development programs; it can be used as an evaluation and monitoring tool by both program administrators or outside evaluators; and it can serve as a textbook in training workshops designed to improve communication skills -- particularly with respect to public health issues.
The handbook begins with a conceptual discussion of communication and social marketing, and then provides 10 interdependent modules involved in the development of a communication or social marketing program: problem identification, audience analysis, examining social factors, identifying obstacles, setting objectives, developing a strategy, material production, pretest and piloting, launching and monitoring, and evaluation.
Additionally, the handbook contains the following appendices that can be useful in fulfilling the handbook's 3 functions: exercises, a sample of a survey questionnaire, a sample of a pretest questionnaire, a sample of a moderator's guide for a focus-group discussions, a sample request for proposals, a sample of a proposal evaluation sheet, audit of evaluation research, an assessment checklist for research and evaluation reports or proposals, a checklist of contract provisions, media selection and mix matrix, and other additional aids.

This handbook is intended to help improve the effectiveness of development programs through the appropriate use of communication and social marketing strategies and techniques. UNICEF published the handbook in order to better utilize communication and social marketing in the achievement of Child Survival and Development goals. The handbook has 3 functional uses: it can serve as a guide for planning and implementing development programs; it can be used as an evaluation and monitoring tool by both program administrators or outside evaluators; and it can serve as a textbook in training workshops designed to improve communication skills -- particularly with respect to public health issues.
The handbook begins with a conceptual discussion of communication and social marketing, and then provides 10 interdependent modules involved in the development of a communication or social marketing program: problem identification, audience analysis, examining social factors, identifying obstacles, setting objectives, developing a strategy, material production, pretest and piloting, launching and monitoring, and evaluation.
Additionally, the handbook contains the following appendices that can be useful in fulfilling the handbook's 3 functions: exercises, a sample of a survey questionnaire, a sample of a pretest questionnaire, a sample of a moderator's guide for a focus-group discussions, a sample request for proposals, a sample of a proposal evaluation sheet, audit of evaluation research, an assessment checklist for research and evaluation reports or proposals, a checklist of contract provisions, media selection and mix matrix, and other additional aids.

(For more information, please see: https://www.youtube.com/FaragElkamel and https://elkamel.wordpress.com/)

This paper reviews two ways of media utilization: to provide regular entertainment programmes and news events; and to relay specific messages for the purpose of influencing attitudes and behaviour. Obstacles to the effective use of the media for attitude and behaviour change are outlined and communication and training activities in order to overcome these obstacles are recommended.

CONTEXT: Calcineurin inhibitor toxicity [CNI] is a major cause of posttransplant renal impairment. Its prompt recognition is essential in renal transplant management. DESIGN: A retrospective study on 162 cases of kidney transplant core biopsies were reviewed over the last 4 years in our Nephropathology Department. The diagnosis of CNI was rendered in 54 cases [33%]; while rejection was rendered in 78 cases [48%]. In all cases, C4d and CD68 were performed by immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. The pattern of CD68 positivity was then analyzed into two patterns: histiocyte staining pattern and tubular epithelium granular pattern. RESULTS: C4d was positive in 44 out of 162 cases [27%]. CD68
was positive in 133 cases out of 162 [83%]. The pattern of CD68 positivity was then analyzed into two patterns: histiocyte staining pattern in 82 out of 162 cases [51%], and tubular epithelium granular pattern in 53 out of 162 cases [33%]. In the remaining 27 cases [16%], both patterns are seen within the same case. 53 [out of 54 cases: 98%] with CNI showed tubular epithelium granular pattern at least focally. On the other hand, only one case with rejection out of 78 cases [1%] showed granular tubular epithelium pattern. CONCLUSION: CD68 immunostaining in tubular granular pattern in biopsies from kidney transplant patient is an excellent marker for diagnosing CNI in kidney transplant patients.

What do you see?
Design of a Communication Strategy to Promote Positive Change for Unorganized Workers in Karnataka, India. Using visual communication design to stimulate positive change and promote development goals has a long tradition. Though there has been very little research on and how participants in rural environments in India read and understand visuals, which are mostly created by design offices in cities for and not with the participant (target) groups. Visual images, like all representations, are never innocent or neutral reflections of reality they represent for us: that is, they offer not a mirror of the world but an interpretation of it.
Visual communication in India is unique in the fact that it reflects its cultural context and the cultural customs extremely accurately. The principal objective of this paper is to indicate the capability of design for behaviour change and the role of inclusive visual communication in development. It shows the strategic approach of communication and the use of visual media as a tool to create awareness and stimulate positive change, here, for unorganized workers in Karnataka.