"In a rapidly changing geopolitical and strategic environment in which the current US administration is willing to demonstrate to the world that the pursuit of its national interest will not be encumbered by multilateral forums,... more
"In a rapidly changing geopolitical and strategic environment in which the current US administration is willing to demonstrate to the world that the pursuit of its national interest will not be encumbered by multilateral forums, what role will US bilateral alliance partners such as Japan and Australia play in redefining the international order, especially in their area of primary interest–East Asia? This paper examines an Australian proposal for establishing an informal security dialogue at the ministerial level comprising the United States and two of .."
Evolutionary synthesis of combinational digital circuits is a promising research area and many a success has been achieved in this field. This paper presents a new technique for the synthesis of combinational circuits by using Cartesian... more
Evolutionary synthesis of combinational digital circuits is a promising research area and many a success has been achieved in this field. This paper presents a new technique for the synthesis of combinational circuits by using Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) and uniform NAND gate based templates. Using a uniform gate template implies an ease in the fabrication process but in some instances, the number of gates required may increase which can be optimized by CGP. The mutation operator has been used for achieving convergence. A 2-bit multiplier and 4-bit odd parity generator circuits have been evolved for experimentation and comparison to previous results. The results obtained are compared to earlier work done in the same field. Moreover, the relationship of evolution time (in terms of number of generations) to the population size has been established and analyzed.
The pharmacology once ascribed to the ‘b4-adrenoceptor ’ is now believed to be that of a low-affinity state of the b1-adrenoceptor. The b2-adrenoceptor may also have a low-affinity state or site, while the b3-adrenoceptor – the original... more
The pharmacology once ascribed to the ‘b4-adrenoceptor ’ is now believed to be that of a low-affinity state of the b1-adrenoceptor. The b2-adrenoceptor may also have a low-affinity state or site, while the b3-adrenoceptor – the original low-affinity b-adrenoceptor – can display more than one pharmacology. In this issue, Mallem et al. show that CGP-12177 relaxes thoracic aorta rings from normal rats by stimulating vascular smooth muscle low-affinity b1-adrenoceptors, apparently linked in part to Gi protein. By contrast, in rings from hypertensive rats, CGP-12177 acts mainly via endothelial b3-adrenoceptors. This work raises the possibility that low-affinity states of b-adrenoceptors have physiological roles, and suggests that they might be drug targets.
