Child Psychopathology

We live in a surprisingly violent world. We experience physical assault, emotional and psychological attack, and even the intellectual violence of manipulation and indoctrination. Psychology is becoming increasingly aware not only of the prevalent violence, but also of the profoundly deleterious impact of said violence on the human mind and body; however. sociology lags behind. Socialization, or our experiences at the hands of agents of socialization, is a key concept in sociology. Every introductory sociology text that is printed devotes and entire chapter to a discussion of socialization and related concepts. However rarely, if at all, is there any indication that sociologists are aware of the profoundly deleterious impact of toxicity (violence, neglect, etc.) in the socialization process. This research note seeks to alleviate this lacuna by providing a concept, toxic socialization, by which sociologists can more readily discuss the problem of a violent socialization process.

The aim of the present study was to examine to what degree different mechanisms of moral disengagement were related to age, gender, bullying, and defending among school children. Three hundred and seventy-two Swedish children ranging in age from 10 to 14 years completed a questionnaire. Findings revealed that boys expressed significantly higher levels of moral justification, euphemistic labeling, diffusion of responsibility, distorting consequences, and victim attribution, as compared with girls. Whereas boys bullied others significantly more often than girls, age was unrelated to bullying. Moral justification and victim attribution were the only dimensions of moral disengagement that significantly related to bullying. Furthermore, younger children and girls were more likely to defend victims. Diffusion of responsibility and victim attribution were significantly and negatively related to defending, while the other dimensions of moral disengagement were unrelated to defending.

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a widely used psychopathology screening tool that measures
children’s emotional symptoms, peer problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and prosocial behavior.
Previous psychometric studies of the SDQ focused primarily on older children in Western cultures and suffered from
several methodological limitations. This study examined the reliability, factor structure, convergent, and discriminant
validity of the SDQ by focusing on young Asian American children and using more rigorous methods. The five-factor
structure of the SDQ was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The ω coefficients indicated adequate reliability for
all subscales except parent-rated peer problems and conduct problems. The correlated trait–correlated method minus
one multitrait–multimethod model provided evidence for convergent validity and discriminant validity of all subscales
except for conduct problems relative to hyperactivity/inattention. This study provided new evidence for the psychometric properties of the SDQ in young children and cultural suitability of the SDQ for Asian Americans.

The aim of this study was to observe whether the independent presence of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) directly impacts on the Executive Function (EF), and to determine whether there are deficits in EF that are unique to ADHD predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I) or SCT. Method: Seventy-six participants aged 6 to 17 years and their parents were assessed using a diagnostic interview, an instrument that assesses the EF, and another instrument that assesses the SCT. Two hierarchical linear regression models were performed. The first one analyzed the independent relationship between SCT and EF, and the second model added the symptomatology of ADHD-I. Results: The SCT has a statistically significant direct relation on the EF deficits and remains in the second model even with the inclusion of the ADHD-I. Conclusion: The SCT and ADHD-I symptoms independently promote executive deficits. Children with ADHD-I symptoms showed deficits in most areas of the EF. Deficits in inhibition and initiative are unique to inattention.

Review of Elena Trombini's book on Focal Play Therapy, a psychotherapy method based on Gestalt psychology and depth psychology, developed by Giancarlo Trombini, Eleba Trombini, and their colleagues at the University of Bologna. The guiding ideas of Focal  Play Therapy also correspond to those of Gestalt Theory Psychotherapy

Besprechung eines Buchs von Elena Trombini über die von Giancarlo entwickelte Gerichtete Spieltherapie (Giocoterapiea Focale), die von Elena Trombini et al. an der Universität Bologna weiterentwickelt wurde. Diese Gerichtete Spieltherapie beruht auf Erkenntnissen der Gestaltpsychologie und Tiefenpsychologie. Die Leitideen der Gerichteten Spieltherapie decken sich auch mit denen der Gestalttheoretischen Psychotherapie.

گسترش سازهي هوش هيجاني در متون روانشناختي منجر به راه اندازي
پژوهشهاي نوين در اين حيطه شده است. يافتـههـاي پژوهشـي نشـان
ميدهند كه هوش هيجاني با عوامل متعدد رواني اجتماعي همبسته بـوده
و نقش اساسي در مشكلات بين فردي ايفا ميكند. هدف پژوهش حاضـر
بررسي رابطهي هوش هيجاني و مشكلات بين فردي بود. بـدين منظـور
140 نفر از دانشجويان دانشگاه سمنان به شيوهي نمونـهگيـري تصـادفي
خوشهاي انتخـاب و توسـط پرسشـنامههـاي هـوش هيجـاني بـار/ اُن و
مشكلات بين فردي (باركهام، هاردي و استارتوپ، 1994) مـورد ارزيـابي
قرار گرفتند. نتايج بيانگر اين بود كه بين اكثر مؤلفههاي هوش هيجاني و
مشـكلات بــين فــردي رابطــهي منفــي و معنــادار وجــود دارد. همچنــين
مؤلفههاي مختلف هوش هيجاني برخي از جنبههاي مشكلات بين فردي
را مورد پيشبيني قرار دادند. در مجموع، بر اسـاس يافتـههـاي پـژوهش
حاضر ميتوان گفت كه هوش هيجاني با تأمين سلامت رواني، مشكلات
بين فردي را كاهش داده و باعث بهبود كيفيـت روابـط اجتمـاعي و بـين
فردي ميشود.

The present study aimed to analyze validity of a new proposal of delimitation and operationalization of the social phobia subtypes in the adolescence. The sample consisted of 971 Spanish adolescents ranged between 14 and 18 years, attending 59 high schools in rural and urban areas of the south-east of Spain. Principal component and cluster analyses were conducted. Results indicated that the principal components analysis revealed two factors, which could be categorized as interaction and performance anxiety, whereas the cluster analysis delimited four subtypes: specific social phobia, mild generalized social phobia, moderate generalized social phobia and severe generalized social phobia. Subsequently, comparisons in psychopathological and demographic variables showed statistically significant differences among the four subtypes. The emerging multidimensional structure was consistent with the differential psychopathological and demographic features of each group. The current study establishes preliminary support for a new proposal of subdivision and operationalization of the construct social phobia in adolescence.

To compare CBCL (Child Behaviour Check Llist) Urdu, with the validated Urdu version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) used as "gold standard" among school children in Karachi, Pakistan, and to develop local cutoffs for CBCL using SDQ as a gold standard. A cross-sectional study. Schools of Karachi metropolitan area from January to December 2006. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) was completed by parents of 5-11 years old primary school children in Karachi. Appropriate cutoff points for total problem, internalizing and externalizing scales were obtained for CBCL. A total of 556 parents filled out both the SDQ Urdu version as well as CBCL. Scores from the parent rated total SDQ scores were highly correlated with the total CBCL scores (r=0.589). The local cutoffs derived for CBCL were considerably lower than USA norms. Slightly higher cutoff for males was found as compared to females for the total CBCL scor...

1. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2009 Jun;19(6):375-9. Comparison of Urdu version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) amongst primary school children in Karachi. Syed EU, Hussein SA, Azam SI, Khan AG. ...

Özet Özellikle şehirlerde, gittikçe daha çok aile çocuklarının bakımı için bakıcı istihdam etmektedir. Çocuk bakıcıları, pek çok iş kolundan farklı olarak, çocuğuna baktıkları ailenin günlük yaşamına dâhil olmakta, hatta bazı ailelerde ailenin bir bireyi gibi görülmektedir. Ayrıca, bu bakıcıların çalıştığı aile düzenlerinde çocuklar günlerinin çoğunu bakıcı ile geçirmektedir. Çocuğun ilk yıllarında yaşadığı etkileşimlerin ve geliştirdiği bağlanma örüntülerinin çocuğun yetişkinlik dönemindeki yaşam uyumunu dahi etkilediği bilindiği için, bakıcıların verdiği bakımın ve çocuğun gelişimi üstündeki etkilerinin incelenmesinin önemi artmıştır. Bununla birlikte, bu alandaki geçmiş çalışmaları bir araya getiren ve tartışan bir inceleme çalışması ulusal ya da uluslararası alanyazında bulunmamaktadır. Bu anlatı incelemesinde, alanyazında bu alanda yapılmış olan yayınlar bir araya getirilerek bu boşluğun giderilmesi amaçlamıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, bu incelemenin iki hedefi vardır. Birincisi, bakıcılığın ve Türkiye'de bakıcılık sektörünün genel bir incelemesinin gerçekleştirilmesi, ikincisi, bakıcılar ve bakıcı istihdam eden ailelerin çeşitli ilişki dinamikleri hakkında alanyazında yer bulmuş bulguların özetlenmesidir.

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a widely used psychopathology screening tool that measures children's emotional symptoms, peer problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and prosocial behavior. Previous psychometric studies of the SDQ focused primarily on older children in Western cultures and suffered from several methodological limitations. This study examined the reliability, factor structure, convergent, and discriminant validity of the SDQ by focusing on young Asian American children and using more rigorous methods. The five-factor structure of the SDQ was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The ω coefficients indicated adequate reliability for all subscales except parent-rated peer problems and conduct problems. The correlated trait-correlated method minus one multitrait-multimethod model provided evidence for convergent validity and discriminant validity of all subscales except for conduct problems relative to hyperactivity/inatten...