Psychoterapy

The third edition of Theoretical Models of Counseling and Psychotherapy provides a comprehensive overview of a variety of major counseling theories and focuses on the integration of different theoretical models. With new information on multiculturalism, diversity, and cutting-edge theories such as psychosynthesis, the book offers a detailed description of the philosophical basis for each theory as well as historical context and biographical information on each theory's founder. Chapters include new case excerpts and clinical examples, and each chapter follows a consistent structure in its exploration of each the-ory's features, including its approach to and ideas on personality development, human nature, the role of environment, the change process in therapy, and contributions and limitations to the mental health field. Theory-specific information on diagnosis, psychophar-macology, spirituality, and gender issues is also discussed, and the book is accompanied by a companion website where professors and students will find exercises and course material that will further deepen their understanding of counseling theory and allow them to easily bridge classroom study to future practice.

The purpose of this book is to show you a way to do something about your depression. It is designed to provide you with a new perspective on the origins of depression and what it really means—and then to show you a specific strategy that you can use to control and ultimately defeat your depression. PDT is a therapy that is intended to be self-help in the truest sense—and it is personalized because you personalize it. When it comes to depression therapy, one size does not fit all.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar em linhas gerais de que maneira a psicose é diagnosticada e tratada pela psicoterapia institucional. Partiremos da tese de doutorado de Tosquelles, na qual a psicose é pensada como fenômeno existencial comparável à experiência de fim de mundo. Trata-se aqui de salientar a importância da compreensão da experiência do doente e de sua elaboração criativa no desenvolvimento do quadro psicótico. Em seguida, analisaremos de que maneira Oury une a teoria de Tosquelles à psicanálise para desenvolver uma clínica multirreferencial e polifônica. No interior desse quadro teórico e prático, buscaremos traçar a inflexão política que Guattari dará à experiência clínica da psicoterapia institucional. Palavras-chave: esquizofrenia; psicose; instituição; transversalidade; subjetividades.
Abstract: Guattari and institutional psychotherapy. The purpose of this article is to outline how psychosis is diagnosed and treated by institutional psychotherapy. We will begin with Tosquelles' doctoral thesis, in which psychosis is thought as an existential phenomenon comparable to the experience of the end of the world. It is important to emphasize the importance of understanding the patient's experience and his creative elaboration in the development of the psychotic picture. Then, we will analyze how Oury unites the theory of Tosquelles to psychoanalysis to develop a multirreferential and polyphonic clinic. Within this theoretical and practical framework we will trace the political inflection that Guattari will attribute to the experience of self-management proposed by institutional psychotherapy.

Before COVID-19, most therapists had concerns about telepsychology, and only treated patients in person. During the COVID-19 lockdown, patients still needed therapy, but in-person therapy sessions became unsafe. The current study measured how many therapists are using online therapy before vs. during COVID-19, how much training they have received, and their knowledge about legal restrictions on using telepsychology. A sample of 768 U.S.A. mental health professionals completed a 29-item online survey. Results show that before COVID-19, most therapists only saw their patients in person (e.g., at the therapists office), but during the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly all therapists used a wide range of telecommunication technologies to communicate with their quarantined patients, including texting, telephones, video conferences, and even virtual reality. According to within-subject related samples comparisons, 39% of survey respondents used telepsychology before COVID-19, vs. 98% during COVID-19 (χ 2 = 450.02, p < 0.001). Therapists reported high treatment effectiveness using telepsychology (7.45 on 0-10 scale). However, overall, on a 0-10 scale, therapists reported a significant increase in feeling burned out during the COVID-19 pandemic, Mean = 3.93 (SD = 1.93) before vs. 6.22 (SD = 2.27) during the pandemic (Z = −18.57, p < 0.001). Although the APA ethics guidelines encourage therapists to use telepsychology with their patients during the crisis, gaps in respondents' knowledge identify a need for increased specialized training and education. Although the current study showed that virtual reality is rarely used by the therapists surveyed, virtual reality is a promising new telepsychology technology. Billions of dollars are currently being invested in mass producing immersive virtual reality systems. In the future, as networked immersive Virtual Reality becomes more widely available, therapists and patients in physically different locations will be able to "meet" in a shared computer-generated world designed for therapy sessions, potentially including group sessions. Sampaio et al. Telepsychology and VR During COVID-19 Telepsychology and virtual reality have the potential to be increasingly valuable tools to help therapists mitigate the consequences of COVID-19. Research, development and training is recommended.

The purpose of this text is to expose the function and the problematic field of the concept of transversality in the Guattari of Psychoanalysis and transversality and the Anti-Oedipus Papers. The concept will be examined in its relation with the question of the institution, because an institution is also named by Guattari as a unit of subjectivity. It is, therefore a question of thinking the forms of organisation within social life, from political groups to the psychiatric hospital, and the subjectivities they produce. For this reason, the problem of the
institution will be dealt with in the sociohistoric context that produces it, that is to say the one marked by the events of May ‘68. The relevance of this text lies in its attempt to seize the originality of Guattarian thought, which at the same time thinks new forms of political organisation and allows for the renewal of psychoanalysis by transforming the concept of
the unconscious.

Представлен анализ авторского метода групповой психотерапии — ландшафтной аналитики (ЛА). Описываются методологические основания, методические приемы работы и генез психотерапевтического эффекта. Метод рассматривается через категории персонологии, транзактного анализа, аналитической психологии, деятельностного и возрастно-психологического подходов. Охарактеризованы отдельные особенности эффекта ЛА: вовлечение участников в активное освоение различных «пространств» жизни, одно-временная активизация всех элементов эго-структуры личности, стимулирование «трансцендентной функции», формирование многоуровневого образа мира, приглашение увидеть задачи развития через призму единой «сверхзадачи». Все эти характеристики могут быть представлены как слагаемые единого воздействия, цель которого — изменение ориентировки участников в направлении ее расширения, дифференциации и интегрированности.

We present an analysis of the Landscape Analytics (LA), a specific way of group psychotherapy suggested by S. Berezin and D. Isaev. Methodological bases, specific techniques and the source of the therapeutic effect are discussed. The method is regarded through the concepts of general personology, transactional analysis, analytical psychology, developmental approach and the psychological theory of activity. We point out the following aspects of LA effect: a participant’s involvement into an active exploration of the different spaces of life, activation of all ego-states simultaneously, stimulating Transcendent Function, creating a multilevel image of the world, assistance in seeing developmental tasks in connection with the super-objective. All these points can be discussed as components of generalized effect aimed at providing conditions that help participants widen and integrate their orientation.

El presente manual nace de la necesidad de impartir conocimiento pragmático fundamentado para mejorar el tratamiento de la población considerada borderline, el consenso general actual en la terapéutica y seguimiento de esta entidad es su cronicidad y su relativa falta de respuesta a los tratamientos psicofarmacológicos, ambos elementos considerados los núcleos de la dificultad en conseguir tanto adherencia terapéutica como resultados satisfactorios en las personas con este trastorno, en las entidades psicopatológicas consideradas psiquiátricas, los pilares de los tratamientos son psicofarmacológicos, por otra parte en trastornos de tipo caracteropatías o de la personalidad la corriente del abordaje psicológico ha ido tomando cada vez más reconocimiento y fuerza como la medida más eficiente para lidiar con las múltiples dificultades a la que estos pacientes borderline, tienen que lidiar (luchar) en el día a día.

" Güneş bize mekân içinde, Napolyon ise zaman içinde uzaktır " diyerek dünyasının sınırlarını oldukça net çizse de Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar gibi " ne içindeyim zamanın, ne de büsbütün dışında; yekpare, geniş bir anın,parçalanmaz akışında " diyerek zamanı parçalanmaz bir bütün olarak görenlerin sayısı da azımsanmayacak kadar çoktur. Her iki düşüncenin de bir parçasını almak mümkün ancak zamanı bir bütün olarak görüp düne dair hüzünleri ya da yarınlara dair kaygıları bugün bir yük gibi taşıyor olmak duygusal yönünün de dâhil olduğu bütünlüğünü kaybetmeyen insan için oldukça zor olsa gerektir. Bu anlamda problem yaşayan bireyleri bir kısım terapiler dünü ve yarını unutturmadan dünün ve yarının yüklerinden kısmen kurtarmak için " şimdi ve burada " olmaya, " şimdi ve burada " yı yaşamaya davet ederler. Her terapi bu daveti kendi ilkeleri doğrultusunda yaptığından uygulamada aralarında mutlak surette farklılıklar oluşması ancak aynı daveti yaptıklarından ister istemez benzerliklerinin de bulunması kaçınılmazdır. Bu makalede Gestalt Terapi (GT) ve Bilişsel Terapinin " şimdi ve burada " uygulamalarındaki farklılıklar ve benzerlikler tartışılacaktır.

En este artículo recurrimos a la cura mental del norteamericano Phineas Parkhurst Quimby (1802-1866) como ejemplo de práctica psicológica informal que, siendo previa a la psicoterapia formal moderna, contribuyó a establecer las condiciones de posibilidad para que esta última se desarrollase en el mundo occidental. Contextualizamos la labor de Quimby dentro de su época y de la formación de los Estados Unidos como país y como economía capitalista. Explicamos las bases teóricas de su cura mental y el procedimiento conforme al cual transcurría la misma, indicando algunas semejanzas generales con formas de psicoterapia posteriores. Señalamos asimismo la semejanza entre el tipo de individualismo que la cura mental apuntalaba y el de la actual Psicología Positiva.

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The present paper analyses the work of Phineas Parkhurts Quimby (1802-1866), father of the Mental Healing movement in North America. It will be argued that this movement, characterized as an array of informal therapeutic practices, should be regarded as an important precursor of modern institutionalized psychotherapy. To display this argument, we will contextualize Quimby’s work within the cultural framework of American culture in general and the development of capitalist economy in particular. Second, we will examine both the theoretical basis and the therapeutic techniques of the Mental Healing movement, pointing out some of its commonalities with subsequent types of psychotherapy. Finally, we will remark the notable resemblance of Mental Healing’s individualism with that of current Positive Psychology.

Institutions are environments. Institutions operate both socially and environmentally, in regimes that are both signifying and a-signifying. Exploring institutions' potential for emancipation and empowerment requires understanding them within a semiotic framework which does not reduce institutional relations to linguistic exchanges. This understanding is particularly important if we want to think about how institutions participate in the production of subjectivity, and how they can potentiate or hinder processes of emancipation. The meaning and practice of militancy requires continuous reassessment. Throughout my work I have focused on alternatives to mental health care which promote collective practices of care. I am referring to the postwar European movements of institutional psychotherapy

The Author introduces a systematic reading of the phobic, obsessive
and compulsive disorders in the perspective of Gestalt Therapy. The
suggested hermeneutic reveals an original and enlightening re-reading
of the FOC symptoms, founded on a thirty-year clinical experience
one on hand, and an uncompromising and punctual adhesion
to the principles of the theoretical model of the Gestalt Therapy on
the other hand.
Each of the three relational styles is faced in a complete anthropological
and clinical analysis, within a reference frame, that primarily
defines the relational etiopathogenesis of the discussed symptoms
and, more generally, of the psychological disorders, in a clear and
clinically established vision.
The article ends with a further contribution about the specificity of the
therapeutic work. A particularly useful section for all those who – in
the different therapeutic approaches – work with POC disorders. The
article introduces strict modalities of theoretical and clinical declension
of GT and shares the researches of the Istituto di Gestalt Therapy
HCC kairòs with the Gestalt Community, on a national and international
level.

Una comprensión, aguda y libre de prejuicios morales e ideológicos, del complejo fenómeno de la perversión en todas sus facetas.
Una obra crucial para comprender la violencia que se desata en nuestra vida social, en la intimidad de nuestras parejas y de nuestros hogares.

Każdy nurt psychoterapeutyczny zawiera w sobie określoną filozoficzną koncepcję człowieka. Prezentowana praca podejmuje analizy dotyczące zbieżności współczesnych nurtów psychoterapii humanistycznej, egzystencjalnej i Gestalt z antropologicznymi koncepcjami wypracowanymi przez filozofię spotkania. Przykład słynnej debaty z 1957 roku między twórcą filozofii spotkania i dialogu Martinem Buberem i przedstawicielem nurtu psychoterapii humanistycznej skoncentrowanej na osobie Carlem Rogersem uwydatnił nie tylko znaczące podobieństwa, ale i różnice pomiędzy obiema koncepcjami. Dotyczyły one m.in. asymetrii w spotkaniu i relacji terapeutycznej. W niniejszej pracy szerokim analizom zostały ponadto poddane psychoterapeutyczne koncepcje Irvina Yaloma, głównego przedstawiciela współczesnego nurtu terapii humanistyczno-egzystencjalnej, odczytywane w świetle filozofii spotkania i dialogu.

(Every psychotherapeutic stream contains a specified philosophic conception of a man. The present thesis enters into the analysis relevant to the convergence between the modern humanistic psychotherapeutic streams, existential and Gestalt and anthropological conceptions developed by the encounter philosophy. The example of the famous debate of 1957 year between Martin Buber the author of the encounter philosophy and Carl Rogers the representative of humanistic stream of psychotherapy accentuated not only significant similarities but also differences between both conceptions. They involved inter alia asymmetry in the psychotherapeutic meeting and relationship. The present thesis also introduces the broad analysis of psychotherapeutic conceptions of Irvin Yalom, the main representative of contemporary stream of humanistic-existential therapy pictured in the light of encounter philosophy.)

La temática de la psicología de la mujer constituye un foco de gran controversia actual tanto en la psicológica en general, como en el campo de la psicología analítica, en particular.
Por su parte, C.G Jung fue pionero en describir como hombres y mujeres poseían aspectos femeninos y masculinos, que debían ser integrados en búsqueda de la personalidad total. Sin embargo, en la actualidad, especialmente desde la postura constructivista-simbólica, han sido criticadas algunas de las ideas centrales de Jung respecto de la psicología de la subjetividad femenina.
Respondiendo a esta controversia, se plantea proponer y describir un modelo teórico acerca del proceso de individuación en la mujer y discutir algunas de sus implicancias teórico-clínicas a través de una revisión bibliográfica, constituyéndose éste, un estudio de tipo teórico.
Al respecto, se plantea un modelo que posee como idea central; la individuación como la búsqueda de lo otro, utilizando las nociones de eros y logos como principios cardinales en el dinámica del desarrollo de la personalidad.

The book deals with contemporary ethical dilemmas in psychotherapy from the aspects of logotherapy and existential analysis. Despite considerable achievements professionals sporadically encounter issues that are ethically unclear. Therapsists are supposed to keep up certain ethical principles, however, in practice these “norms“ may not be sufficient and thus the therapists must make decisions that are in compliance with their conscience and morals. That is why self-discipline and cultivation of the conscience are crucial. The book deals not only with the issue of breaking the limits in the relationship between therapist and client, e.g. sexual intercourse, breach of confidentiality, but also with the issues such as the value of religiosity and the diversity in other cultures, a difficult client, disloyalty of a colleague or the issue of payment for therapeutical services.

Every disorder is embedded within multiple sociocultural aspects, and in mental disorders these aspects acquire paramount significance. Nonetheless and despite the cultural diversity of ancient and modern societies, the consistency of psychiatric reactions to combat stress throughout history is remarkable. The situation in ancient Greece was quite different from the contemporary one. Hippocratic physicians turned a blind eye to a series of worrying conditions they could neither explicate nor treat, but enlightened laypeople noticed mental disorders disregarded by physicians and even looked for ways to assuage them. In ancient Greece, fear, panic, and ensuing short-term psychological consequences were well-known to military men who tried to prevent them by methods that are considered to be efficient even today. Nonetheless, long-term mental disorders following exposure to battle were almost entirely ignored. The 5th century BC sophist Gorgias seems to be the only author who discussed their nature. Combat-related mental disorders existed two thousand and several hundred years ago, as they do today, and the idea that they could be prevented by means of social conditioning proved to be false. The fact that some modern therapeutic approaches appear to have been used in Greece is reassuring: it suggests that modern Western attitudes to psychological treatment of trauma are not entirely culturally-dependent, but rather make use of some universal human traits, and may therefore be applied to the treatment of trauma with patients from different cultural traditions. Awareness of the persistence of combat psychological trauma in history may provide insights to different professionals: historians may identify and comprehend allusions to combat trauma in their sources, while mental health professionals may use ancient history to broaden their understanding of the effects of trauma

O presente estudo propõe-se a discutir e a analisar a situação de trabalho de psicoterapeutas atuantes em clínicas de planos de saúde, discutindo a produção de subjetividade a partir dessa conjuntura e observando os inúmeros atravessamentos que compõem esse cenário, como as possibilidades e limitações da psicoterapia, bem como os efeitos nos processos de saúde e adoecimento desses profissionais. Partindo dos referenciais da cartografia e do método clínico, foram realizadas nove entrevistas com psicoterapeutas de clínicas de plano, sendo uma coletiva (que contou com a participação de três psicólogos) e seis individuais, totalizando o acesso a dados sobre sete realidades clínicas diferentes. Além disso, a pesquisa inclui a análise de diários de campo da pesquisadora, elaborados ao longo da sua experiência como psicoterapeuta em uma clínica de plano, em dois momentos: anterior à pesquisa propriamente dita e após as entrevistas. Os dados colhidos foram organizados tendo como base a Análise de Núcleos de Sentido (Mendes, 2007b) e analisados com o referencial da psicodinâmica do trabalho e de contribuições de autores da psicologia clínica, da sociologia e da filosofia da diferença. Percebeu-se que a organização do trabalho dos psicólogos nas clínicas de plano está engendrada por ideais produtivos de aceleração e resultados dissonantes dos objetivos terapêuticos de algumas teorias clínicas. O contexto das clínicas de plano também é influenciado por uma perspectiva hospitalocêntrica de saúde, que estabelece o modelo médico como referência para os atendimentos terapêuticos na saúde suplementar. Essa conjuntura contribui para o distanciamento entre as prescrições e o real do trabalho desses profissionais, facilitando contextos de adoecimento e o uso de estratégias defensivas, como o silenciamento de necessidades básicas e o uso de substâncias como álcool e drogas. Percebeu-se ainda que o sentido do trabalho desses profissionais nas clínicas de plano está atrelado à possibilidade de atender diversas pessoas em situações diferentes (o que contribui para a experiência profissional) e de fornecer acesso à psicoterapia a um público de baixa renda. Tais fatores, além de compor as vivências de prazer desses profissionais, contribuem para os movimentos de enfrentamento das adversidades do trabalho, tais como a criação de um grupo no WhatsApp como espaço coletivo de discussão ou a organização das regras que serão burladas na inconsistência entre exigência institucional e ética profissional. Por fim, entendeu-se que todo este cenário contribui para o processo de produção de subjetividade desses profissionais, que em certos momentos se aproximam de posturas de assujeitamento (GUATTARI; ROLNIK, 1986) e em outros de movimentos de reafirmação das singularidades nos modos de sentir, pensar e agir, no trabalho e na vida.

This second part of the study continues the inventory of the psychic defense mechanisms, adding another 78 psychic defense mechanisms to those 110 presented in the first part of the study (Crașovan, 2019). By this addition, the inventory of psychic defense mechanisms reaches the number of 187. Also, in this second part of the study, psychic defense mechanisms were included both from the Defense Functioning Scale (APA, 2000/2003) as well as psychic defense mechanisms operationalized and evaluated through one of the most used assessment tools of this topic – DSQ 60 (Crașovan, Maricuțoiu, 2012; Thygesen, Drapeau, Trijsburg, Lecours, de Roten, 2008) and also the self defense mechanisms theorized by different authors starting with Sigmund Freud and Ana Freud. Thus, by completing this retrospective on the evolution and diversification of the number of self- defense mechanisms, through which 187 psychic defense mechanisms were identified, the article also shows the difficulty of reaching the consensus on the number of psychic defense mechanisms to be introduced in the DSM V (Vaillant, 2012).
Keywords: psychological defense mechanisms, Sigmund Freud, DSM IV, DSM V.

Makalah ini memuat tentang pengobatan yang menggunakan metode sufi, seperti Positive Imaging, Dzikir Visualisasi, dan Meditasi Sufi. Metode seperti ini tidak di jumpai pada ilmu pengobatan medis atau ilmu kedokteran. Dalam penulisan makalah ini, penulis mengambil sumber dari Prof. Amin Syukur. Penulis juga di bantu dua orang teman dalam penulisan.

Este es el segundo de una serie de libros que tienen como objetivo servir como referencia para los médicos de todas las ramas y que ante la pandemia de COVID y sus desconocida evolución y secuelas hasta el presente, se encuentran en su quehacer cotidiano como elementos fundamentales de primera línea con todas las manifestaciones del COVID, aunado a esta entidad emergente que ha sacudido los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial, ha tenido repercusiones en el que los médicos conceptualizamos y entendemos nuestra profesión. El COVID como enfermedad ha desencadenado eventos que repercuten en la salud mental poblacional como ninguna otra entidad precedente lo ha producido, sus consecuencias a nivel psicopatológico, han sido exacerbaciones de cuadros psiquiátricos ya presentes, descompensación de cuadros psicopatológicos en control, psicopatología emergente dentro del área COVID (diferente a lo antes visto), duelos múltiples en las diferentes familias, desempleo (drift-social), desinfodemia, psicosis informática de masas y circunstancias que a manera de analogía con un gran incendio todavía no hemos podido controlar en su totalidad y en algunas partes no se ha apagado.

Nella attuale società la fretta è diventata una costante, ciò impedisce il contatto con quelli aspetti creativi del nostro inconscio che permettono l'accesso al processo di individuazione. prendendo spunto dall'I Ching e dall'Antico Testamento verrà sottolineata l'importanza di sapere attendere.

Le esperienze traumatiche interessano gran parte della comunità scientifica, che cerca di definirle nelle sue molteplici forme. Oggi c’è una particolare attenzione su di esse, sia in ambito clinico (come vanno trattate) sia nell’ambito della ricerca (cosa succede ad una persona traumatizzata).
Il trauma complesso, che riguarda il caso clinico che presento, è tra le esperien- ze dette soverchianti, proprio perché vissute in età evolutiva, che compromettono lo sviluppo dell’identità. Anche per la Gestalt Therapy, il corpo è il luogo dell’acca- dimento primario dell’evento traumatico. Ma per la sua matrice corporea relazio- nale, non solo è significativo tornare all’esperienza corporea durante il trattamento clinico: è fondamentale attivar nella relazione terapeuta/paziente un prendersi cura profondo e sostitutivo di ciò che non c’è stato. È proprio questa mancanza che aggiunge danno all’esperienza traumatica. È il dispiegarsi della relazione t/p che, nel suo divenire, può risanare pezzi dell’esperienza mancata, fornendo di vol- ta in volta cornice e senso a ciò che ha confuso e invaso.

The article presents the question of the relationship between family dynamics and the emergence, development and treatment in adolescents with eating disorders, through the eyes of psychodynamic and positive approach in psychotherapy. The main conclusion is that without taking into account the dynamics of family relations, the function of the symptom cannot be understood.

En este texto, los profesionales de la salud encontrarán una guía y materiales didácticos para la aplicación de una intervención para apoyar a sus pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) a lograr el cumplimiento de su estricto régimen de tratamiento médico, y entonces
la mejor calidad de vida posible - objetivo último de la actuación del equipo sanitario en su conjunto.
Esto mediante el uso de técnicas psicológicas basadas en evidencia científica que han demostrado utilidad para aprender y mantener las conductas de autocuidado que estos pacientes requieren llevar a cabo de manera rutinaria para mejorar su estado de salud, al grado de constituirles como parte de un nuevo estilo de vida.
Estas técnicas incluyen la psicoeducación y la adquisición de destrezas conductuales para monitorear y llevar a cabo el tratamiento, la modificación de las creencias o pensamientos negativos alrededor del tratamiento y de uno mismo ante la enfermedad, y la puesta en marcha de estrategias para lidear o superar la tristeza, tan íntimamente relacionada con la incapacidad para el autocuidado y el logro de una vida satisfactoria.
Este compendio de técnicas ha sido evaluado en una muestra de pacientes mexicanos con ERC por el primer autor del texto, como parte de su trabajo de tesis de maestría en ciencias médicas. En la convicción de que el conocimiento científico para resolver los problemas que aquejan a nuestros pacientes debe ser compartido para volverse una realidad clínica
tan cotidiana como su sufrimiento, felicito este esfuerzo de transferencia de saberes y recomiendo ampliamente su apropiación y uso en por parte de los profesionales de la salud de nuestro país. Concluyo citando al científico alemán Albert Einstein: “Toda nuestra ciencia, comparada con la realidad, es primitiva e infantil... y sin embargo es lo más preciado que tenemos”.
Dra. Rebeca Robles García
Ciudad de México, junio 22 de 2021.

Abstract

Vengono  descritti  i  cambiamenti  della  domanda  e  le  trasformazioni  avvenute  nel  Centro  di  Salute  Mentale, dalla  sua  istituzione  in  Italia.  Sono  presi  in  esame  i  problemi  clinici  e  organizzativi  intervenuti  in  seguito all’evoluzione  della  domanda.  Questa  può  essere  letta  attraverso  categorie  diagnostiche,  oppure  quale  segno di  problemi  emozionali  della  convivenza.  Nel  Centro  di  Salute  Mentale  prendono  forma  due  settori d’intervento:  - - l’area  dei  disturbi  emotivi  comuni; l’area  delle  malattie  mentali  e  dei  casi  complessi.  Sono  discussi  due  casi,  ognuno  per  la  corrispettiva  area,  con  la  finalità  di  analizzare  sia  la  natura  dei problemi  clinici  e  organizzativi,  sia  le  differenti  prospettive  d’intervento.  L’analisi  dei  casi  clinici  qui  proposta  cerca  di  evidenziare  che,  a  differenza  della  psichiatria  e  delle  tecniche psicoterapeutiche  organizzate  in  setting  duali,  la  psicologia  clinica  –  in  qualità  di  disciplina  competente  a intervenire  sulle  dinamiche  affettive  tra  individuo/ambiente  di  convivenza/  servizi  socio  sanitari  –  può rivelarsi  più  efficace  nella  risposta  alle  nuove  sfide  poste  dalle  trasformazioni  in  atto.

Parole  chiave:  psicoterapia;  Centro  di  Salute  Mentale;  malattia  mentale;  disturbi  emotivi  comuni;  analisi della  domanda.

Roberto Vari*
*Psicologo  Clinico  e  Psicoterapeuta,  già  Responsabile  dell’Unità  Operativa  Semplice:  “Accoglienza  e  Interventi Psicologico-clinici  Brevi”,  Dipartimento  di  Salute  Mentale  III  Distretto  ASL  Roma  3.

Abstract

  Mental  Health  Center: The  space  of clinical  psychological  intervention  between psychiatry  and  psychotherapeutic  techniques.

This paper describes the changes in the demand and the transformations occurred in the Mental Health Center since its foundation in Italy. The paper analyzes the clinical and organizational problems intervened after the evolution of the demand, which can be read through diagnostic categories or as sign of emotional problems in the social coexistence milieau. Two areas of intervention take shape in the Mental Health Center:-illness the area of common emotional disorders;-the area of mental and complex cases. Two clinical cases are discussed, for each of the two corresponding areas, in order to analyze the emerging clinical and organizational problems and the different perspectives of intervention. The analysis of the clinical cases here proposed tries to point out that, unlike psychiatry and psychotherapy organized on dual settings, clinical psychology-as reference discipline for intervention in the dynamics between individual/coexistence environment/Service-can be more effective answer to the new challenges deriving from the ongoing transformations.

DIALOGHI ADLERIANI OSSERVATORIO DI PSICOLOGIA INDIVIDUALE CONTEMPORANEA DELL'ISTITUTO ALFRED ADLER DI MILANO EDITORIALE STUDI E RICERCHE ARTE E SOCIETÀ INCONTRI E INTERVISTE IN LIBRERIA APPUNTAMENTI

The memories: useful fictions / I RICORDI: FINZIONI UTILI (pp.: 61-73)

Il decennio che va dal 1970 al 1980 vede la Psicoanalisi continuare ad interrogarsi sul problema del Transfert e la sua declinazione nelle differenti scuole psicoanalitiche: la psicoanalisi ortodossa, l'Ego-psychology, la psicoanalisi kleiniana, la psicoanalisi francese (a vari gradi debitrice all'opera di Lacan). Tuttavia negli anni dei grandi mutamenti sociali, dell'avvento delle tecnologia, dell'emergere della Psicologia Cognitiva e della Psicologia Sistemica, la Psicoanalisi è chiamata a rispondere sulla propria efficacia terapeutica.
Questa domanda porterà a definire con maggiore forza le differenze fra le varie scuole e a far emergere nuove proposte terapeutiche come la Self-Psychology e l'Attachment Theory.

If we think about the increasingly rapid development of science and technology in the present century, many studies have assessed that this is inversely proportional to the increase in moral, spiritual, and social ethical values which are more decadent. On that basis, not a few of scholars have narrated the importance of value education with various variables. This paper examines further how the concept of value education in the sufistical psychology ('psychosufistical') landscape-which is the result of the integration of psychology and sufism. The findings obtained are that the 'psychosufistical perspective' value education becomes a determinative foundation in fostering positive values that can make humans have character and quality based on the integratio n of psychology and sufism as an esoteric dimension in Islam. The relationship between Living Values Education (LVE) and psychosufism in responding to the challenges of contemporary civilization can be formulated in several stages to achieve the goals of value education. Seven stages that can be implemented implicitly, namely: musyārathah, murāqabah, muhāsabah, mu'āqabah, mujāhadah mu'ātabah, and mukāsyafah. Then the method for optimizing the character of individuals and students spesifically is to insert the three pillars of takhalli, tahalli, and tajalli into education. Thus the process of attaining spiritual intelligence-which obviously has an impact on social life-will have the potential to be developed.

One of examples of collective religious narcissism phenomenon which could be found in this age is ISIS, an organization that arrogant, feel the most right, superior and devaluing others. This article presented a theoretical framework of those narcissism phenomena in the contemporary age that mingled with the presence of social media, a virtual world, and the emergence of an interconnected global society. This research investigated the conceptual and empirical trajectory of how collective narcissism can infect religious groups which are then called collective religious narcissism. The further analysis discussed how Sufi teachings could potentially be applied as a neutralizing strategy (treatment) or preventing the destructive tendency of collective religious narcissism. This study used qualitative research methods through a literature study approach by investigating several previous relevant studies. The data analysis employed the social psychology perspective. The result of this research is that the term introduced by Sigmund Freud (narziβtisch) was developed by Robert Waelder to become "narcissistic personality", then experienced Heinz Kohut's specification as "narcissistic personality disorder" and was further expanded by Agnieszka Golec de Zavala to become "collective narcissism" which may manifest in the sphere of nationalism, ethnocentricism, to the realm of religion. Some of the characteristics of collective religious narcissism are feeling the group is superior, the kindest and the most impeccable, have extensive desire to be recognized, a lack of empathy, and a tendency to exploitative behaviour. This phenomenon could be widely observed on social media, particularly regarding the contestation of truth-claims. This will have impacts on social segregation, political polarization, and infectious hatred. The values of the Sufi teachings that are considered effective in reducing this negative potencies are muḥāsabah, alḥazm, tawāḍu', and maḥabbah.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) became a pandemic and is causing unprecedented biopsychosocial, spiritual and economic issues across the world while mostly affecting unprivileged populations. Turkey has gradually implemented new regulations, which slowly affected the entire country and increased the need for mental health services disproportionally. We conducted a comprehensive literature review on mental health in Turkey during COVID-19. There was no well-grounded peer-reviewed manuscripts or projects utilized a framework. Therefore, we wrote this manuscript to provide a conceptual framework grounded in ecological systems theory, acceptance and commitment therapy, and community-based participatory action research to introduce contextually evidence-based online mental health services: hotline, psychiatric interview, counseling, and Read-Reflect-Share group bibliotherapy. The framework aims to (1) address biopsychosocial spiritual and economic issues, (2) enhance wellbeing, and (3) em...