Chroniques Byzantines

Avrupa Hun hükümdarı Rua 434’te ölünce onun kardeşinin çocukları Bleda ve Attila, imparatorluğun yönetimini birlikte devralmışlardır. Attila, selefleri tarafından yürütülmekte olan Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu’nun sürekli baskı altında tutulması siyasetini terk etmemiş ve 441’de Doğu Romalılarla savaşa girerek Birinci Balkan Seferi’ni düzenlemiştir. Savaş sona erdikten sonra, kardeşi Bleda’nın 444-445 yıllarında ölümüyle birlikte Attila, Hun İmparatorluğu’nun tek hâkimi olmuş ve tüm Hun ordularını kendi komutası altına almıştır. Aradan geçen birkaç yıl içerisinde, Doğu Romalıların 434 yılında Attila ile yapmış oldukları Margus Antlaşması’nın koşullarını hâlâ tam olarak yerine getirmemiş olmaları ve Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu’nda yaşanan bazı doğal felaketler, Attila’nın 447 yılında ikinci bir Balkan Seferi’ne çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Bu seferin tarihlendirilmesi ve seferin nasıl yürütüldüğü konularında farklı görüşler vardır. Biz de bu bildirimizde Attila’nın 447 yılı Balkan Seferi hakkında mevcut olan Roma-Bizans kaynaklarındaki kayıtları aktardık ve bu sefer konusunda modern tarihçilerin yapmış oldukları incelemeleri elden geçirdik. Ayrıca, bugüne kadar Avrupa Hun tarihi konusunda özellikle Türkiye’de üzerinde pek durulmamış olan bir Süryani kaynağı olan Antakyalı İsḥaḳ’ın Hunlara ve bu sefere ilişkin yazdığı kayıtları da bildirimizde sunarak bu bilgileri değerlendirdik.

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When the Hunnic ruler Rua died in 434, the sons of his brother, Bleda and Attila, mutually inherited the rule of the empire. Attila did not abandon the policy of constantly keeping the Eastern Roman Empire under constraint pursued by his predecessors, entered into a war with the Eastern Romans in 441 and launched his First Balkan Campaign. After the war came to an end, Attila became the sole ruler of the Hunnic Empire following the death of his brother Bleda in 444 or 445 and he brought all the Hunnic armies under his command. In the meanwhile, the Eastern Romans abstained from entirely fulfilling the agreements of the Treaty of Margus they had concluded with Attila in 434. Within a few years, while the Eastern Romans did not fulfill the agreements of the Treaty of Margus, some natural disasters occurred in the Eastern Roman Empire. The disobedience of the Eastern Romans to the treaty and these natural disasters caused Attila to launch a second Balkan Campaign in the year 447. There are different views on the dating of this campaign and how exactly it was conducted. In our paper, we narrated the records found in Romano-Byzantine sources regarding Attila’s Balkan Campaign of the year 447 and we examined the studies made on this campaign by modern historians. Additionally, we presented and evaluated the records written by Isaac of Antioch, a Syriac source not emphasized much on Hunnic history especially in Turkey until now, regarding the Huns and this campaign.

Androussa (Ανδρούσα) is a village in southwestern Peloponnese in the prefecture of Messinia,18km northwest of Calamata. The name figures prominently in documents of the 13 th century onward. Although a small village it is mentioned on Sunday service of the Greek Orthodox Church in the apolitikion of the episcope along with Methoni and Koroni, the two important ports of the Frankish and Turkish periods. Androussa was one of the important towns in the Frankish and Turkish Morea (Peloponnese).

1. Как автор «Повести временных лет» определил дату договора Игоря Рюриковича с византийскими императорами  // Древнейшие государства Восточной Европы. 2016 г. Памяти Г.В. Глазыриной / Отв. ред. Т.В. Гимон, Т.Н. Джаксон, Е.А. Мельникова, А.С. Щавелев. М. «Русский фонд содействия образованию и культуре», 2018. С. 266–273.
This paper is an attempt to explain, how the author of the Rus Primary Chronicle (c. 1113–1116) found a place for Prince Igor Rurikovich’s undated treaty with Byzantine emperors in the chronological system of his chronicle. I believe that the scribe compared the order of Byzantine emperors Romanos I Lekapenos, Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos and Stephen Lekapenos in the preamble of the treaty with two precise dates given by the Chronicle of George the Monk (Hamartolos). The first date is that of the moving of Constantine VII in the hierarchy of co-ruling emperors to a position above Romanus I’s eldest son Stephen. The second date is that of the overthrow of Roman I and Constantine VII’s becoming the sole ruler. Additional chronological guidelines were taken by the author of Primary Chronicle from the previously existing Rus chronicle, the Initial Compilation of the 1090s. As a result, using the sequence of the Byzantine emperors in the preamble of the Igor Rurikovich’s treaty, he chose year 6453 from the Chronicle of George the Monk (Hamartolos). The author of the Primary Chronicle is not likely to have used any additional Byzantine sources, and so, the date of Igor’s treaty given by the Primary Chronicle is not authentic. It can not be used as a chronological benchmark in the history of the first princes of Kiev – Rurikids.