Bu çalışma yüksek lisans öğrenimim sırasında seminer konusu olarak hazırlanmıştır. Bilginin paylaşıldıkça çoğaldığına inanan birisi olarak okuyuculara faydalı olmasını umarım.
The ancient Roman-era city of Antiochia ad Cragum in Turkey (Gazipasa, Antalya) included a colonnaded street and a shopping area in antiquity. Preliminary assessment indicates that many of the columns from the Colonnaded Street survived,... more
The ancient Roman-era city of Antiochia ad Cragum in Turkey (Gazipasa, Antalya) included a colonnaded street and a shopping area in antiquity. Preliminary assessment indicates that many of the columns from the Colonnaded Street survived, but none are in their original upright position. Both the as-found architectural design of the colonnaded street and the structural connections of them are peculiar. The columns are mostly granite yet there are a few marble columns. The column bases and capitals are mostly lost or are not yet found. The connections between the column, column base, and the stylobate are inconsistent. Through a robust collaboration among the engineering and archeology disciplines, this paper presents the initial stage of the site analysis (archeological, architectural, and structural) as well as the design for the re-erection of two columns on column bases sculpted from new marble from a nearby quarry. A literature review on common column re-erection designs is presented and fiber rod-epoxy solutions are compared to titanium rod-cement mortar solutions in terms of structural behavior and long-term resilience based on the available literature.
Korykos in Rough Cilicia, the roots of which date back to the Hellenistic period underwent a dramatic urban change in the Roman Imperial period, when the cities of Cilicia were provided with public buildings such as colonnaded streets,... more
Korykos in Rough Cilicia, the roots of which date back to the Hellenistic period underwent a dramatic urban change in the Roman Imperial period, when the cities of Cilicia were provided with public buildings such as colonnaded streets, monumental gateways, temples and baths. During the second half of second and the early third centuries A.D., Korykos was furnished with a monumental gateway (‘North Gate’) marking the entrée of a sumptuous colonnaded street, the topographical and architectural characteristics of which are described in the following article.
Many of the major and mid-ranking cities of the Greek-speaking East under Rome adopted the cross-city colonnaded axis as the central unifying element of their urban layout. This book seeks to explain the origin of the idea. Earlier... more
Many of the major and mid-ranking cities of the Greek-speaking East under Rome adopted the cross-city colonnaded axis as the central unifying element of their urban layout. This book seeks to explain the origin of the idea. Earlier studies, usually treating the issues briefly in the course of more general surveys, have identified possible origins in the Greek and Roman architectural traditions (the Greek stoa or the Roman porticus). Others have traced roots stemming from the Pharaonic or Achaemenid traditions. This study looks at the whole range of ideas on urban development prevalent in the Eastern provinces under Rome in the first two centuries of the Empire (up to AD 150), including the use of monumental architecture to implant Roman authority amidst the diverse political structures of the Eastern provinces. It seeks to identify whether the first colonnaded axis (Antioch)—attested in the writings of Josephus and attributed to Herod the Great in the early Augustan period—was replicated in the intervening decades before the axis suddenly became a common element of the town plans of most major cities and many minor ones in the early second century AD. The study looks at possible ‘missing’ examples of street colonnading in the first century AD and at the complementary idea of a straight and wide cross-city axis, which had some precedents in both Greek and Egyptian town layouts. It concludes that the adoption of the colonnaded axis in the Eastern provinces is a reflection of a diverse range of architectural and town planning practices in the region at the time, over which Rome sought to impose only a weak centralizing influence. A few examples of the colonnaded axis did emerge in the first century, but the idea was given new impetus by the introduction in the second century AD of a more centralized architectural vocabulary. This went hand in hand with the reorganization of the system for the mining and transporting of materials and the associated concentration in a few places of the expertise required for such massive projects. The colonnaded street was not specifically a tool of what would once have been called ‘Romanization’, but by the second century AD it was to become an indicator of cities’ attachment to the Roman system. It was the product of the collective inventiveness of the architects, builders, patrons, and administrators operating within a system that allowed ideas to flow freely, tolerated experi-mentation and a sense of competition between urban centres, provided the right administrative and legal systems to protect the use of public spaces, and could assemble massive amounts of material efficiently.
