Concentration camp

Resumen:
En un destino común, muchos republicanos españoles fueron víctimas de políticas de rechazo, exclusión, persecución, violencia y castigo en calidad de extranjeros «indeseables», «opositores», «rojos», «enemigos» o candidatos a serlo en regímenes democráticos y «totalitarios», concretamente en la Tercera República francesa, la Alemania nazi y la URSS estalinista. Como consecuencia de esas políticas, además de las coyunturas europeas y los contextos políticos, sociales y económicos de aquellos países, miles y miles de españoles fueron internados, deportados y recluidos en campos franceses, nazis y soviéticos. Partiendo de la experiencia compartida del exilio y del internamiento, el presente texto analiza el vía crucis de los españoles en aquellos sistemas concentracionarios y refleja las características comunes y singulares de esos desde una perspectiva comparada.

Abstract:
In a common destiny, many Spanish Republicans were victims of policies of rejection, exclusion, persecution, violence and punishment as «undesirable» foreigners, «opponents», «reds», «enemies» or candidates to be in democratic regimes and «totalitarian» ones, specifically in the Third French Republic, Nazi Germany and the USSR under Stalin. As a result of these policies, besides the European circumstances and the political, social and economic context of those countries, thousand and thousand Spaniards were interned, deported and detained in French, Nazi and Soviet camps. Based on the shared experience of exile and internment, the article analyzes the vía crucis of the Spaniards in those concentracionary systems and reflects the common and unique characteristics of those from a comparative approach.

In the early summer of 1941, Heinrich Himmler, the Reich Leader of the SS, visited Mauthausen Concentration Camp near Linz, Austria, and its quarries. Following this visit, he ordered two brothels to be set up for prisoners, in Mauthausen and the sub-camp Gusen. His idea was that the total exploitation of the male prisoners might be further forced by permitting them to visit a brothel as a bonus and incentive. Now prisoners were to be permitted sex "in its freest form" with women in brothels, as a special privilege, embedded in a Regulation for Granting Benefits to Prisoners. The SS introduced a bonus system across the entire system of the concentration camps, in which the male prisoners were permitted a military haircut, cigarettes, more frequent letters, allowed to buy products in the canteen, and also granted visits to the camp brothel, as payment for extra work. In the following years, the SS then set up brothels for prisoners in most large concentration camps, which it referred to as "Special Prisoners' Buildings." In 1943 two brothels were opened in Auschwitz: one in Auschwitz-Stammlager and another one in Monowitz. The Auschwitz-Stammlager prisoners brothel became the biggest one in the entire concentration camp system.

Historiografija na prostoru bivše Jugoslavije dosada se uglavnom fokusirala na " Ciglanu " kao najo-zloglašeniji među jasenovačkim logorima iz kojeg je 22. travnja 1945. izvršen proboj logoraša. Dana 2. svibnja 1945. postrojbe Jugoslavenske armije zauzele su to područje. Ipak, spominjanje logora poslije toga datuma je sporadično, fragmentarno i nesustavno. Dosadašnji izvori o tome svode se ponajviše na kratka usmena svjedočanstva koja do sada nisu bila potkrijepljena nikakvim izvornim dokumentima. Kroz proteklih gotovo sedamdeset godina nije bilo ozbiljnijeg i temeljitijeg pokušaja istraživanja poratnog logora u Jasenovcu. Cilj ovog rada je osvrnuti se na dosadašnja istraživanja, svjedočanstva i dokumente koji govore o poslijeratnom logoru u Jasenovcu te ih upotpuniti dosada pronađenima arhivskim izvorima koji potvrđuju da je na jasenovačkom području nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata djelovao sustav zarobljeničkih logora. Među dokumentima iz Državnog arhiva u Sisku naročitu pažnju izaziva zapisnik koji otkriva identitet " upravnika zatočenika u Jasenovcu " i koji stoga dovodi u sumnju točnost pojedinih navoda Mirka Šimunjaka na čijem se svjedočanstvu ponajviše zasniva teza o tzv. " radnoj grupi Jasenovac ". Ključne riječi: Drugi svjetski rat, poraće, Križni put, Jasenovac, sabirni (koncentracijski) logor, komu-nistički zločini. UVOD Naselje Jasenovac smješteno je na lijevoj obali rijeke Save oko 100 km jugoistočno od Zagreba. Na desnoj obali, nasuprot Jasenovcu, u Savu se ulijeva rijeka Una, a sje-verno od mjesta nalazi se rijeka Strug. Prema registru župa iz 1501. župa u Jasenovcu jedina je, uz onu u Dubici, od sedamnaest župa iz 1334. preostala poslije turskih osvajanja u drugoj polovici XV. st. 1 Borbe s Turcima nastavljaju se kroz cijelu prvu

Revisiting the concept of totalitarianism, together with and in spite of Slavoj Zizek, has utmost importance at a time when the post-9/11 world takes on totalitarian forms. These forms seem to escape both the logic of ‘‘everyday totalitarianism,’’ as elaborated by Zizek, and that of ‘‘Empire,’’ described by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri.

During the final year of the Great War, the Italian government authorized the enlistment of Czech and Slovak prisoners in order to form a Legion within Italy’s own borders. In this essay the author concentrates on two points: the first explores wartime imprisonment in Abruzzo, with particular reference to the Fonte d’Amore concentration camp; the second focuses on the enlistment of Czech and Slovak prisoners being held in the camp. From April 1918 until the end of the War the Fonte d’Amore camp was the main destination for Czech and Slovak prisoners who fought against the Austro- Hungarian Empire to bring about the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic, which was achieved on October 28, 1918

Partiendo de la hipótesis de que la técnica aniquilación por desaparición forzada de personas en Argentina (1974-1983) reconfiguró el espacio; el trabajo que desarrollo en el presente artículo consiste en indagar acerca de las particularidades de la dimensión espacial en los campos de concentración en Tucumán. El análisis gira en torno a tres ejes centrales: la negación de las referencias espacio-temporales a los detenidos-desaparecidos dentro del campo; el modo en que los desaparecidos «a pesar de todo» se representan un espacio y un tiempo concentracionario; y por último, el modo en que superponen e interpenetran los espacios del afuera con el adentro del campo. Este trabajo de análisis se sustenta en entrevistas en profundidad que he realizado a familiares de desaparecidos y sobrevivientes de campos de concentración en Tucumán.

Revisiting the concept of totalitarianism, together with and in spite of Slavoj Zizek, has utmost importance at a time when the post-9/11 world takes on totalitarian forms. These forms seem to escape both the logic of ‘‘everyday totalitarianism,’’ as elaborated by Zizek, and that of ‘‘Empire,’’ described by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri.

Eric J. Schmaltz.  “Foreword:  Stalinism Exported Abroad” in Ulrich Merten, The Gulag in East Germany:  Soviet Special Camps, 1945-1950.  Amherst, NY:  Cambria/Teneo Press, 2018. 

Author Ulrich Merten's Website for the book:  https://thegulagineastgermany.com/

Posłuszny Ł. (2015). Material, thing and commemoration object: Study of bread in the context of a concentration camp, in: E. Wichrowska, A. Szczepan-Wojnarska, R. Sendyka, R. Nycz (eds.), Afective histories and politics of memory, IBL PAN, Warszawa 2015

Perfazendo aproximadamente 40 anos após a libertação da última leva dos presos políticos do Campo de Concentração do Tarrafal, no quadro do Regime do Estado Novo, a multiplicidade de análises históricas que o assunto requer e exige, quer na perspectiva de construção de narrativas históricas e de recuperação de memórias, quer no âmbito de estudos antropológicos, sociológicos ou mesmo das condições carcerárias das instalações em questão, dizíamos, a multiplicidade de análises históricas que o assunto reclamavem ganhando alguma tessitura e aprofundamento. Atentemos, por exemplo, aos trabalhos recentemente dados à estampa nas modalidades de dissertação de mestrados e outras. Apresente obra intitulada“Campos de Concentração em Cabo Verde: As Ilhas Como Espaços de Deportação e de Prisão no Estado Novo”, da autoria de Victor Barros, editada pela Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra no ano 2009, depois de ter recebido a Menção Honrosa no Prémio de História Contemporânea Victor de Sá, enquadra-se, acreditamos, na emergente tendência de renovação da historiografia cabo-verdiana.