Cross Border Tourism

Semenjak tahun 1980an, industri pelancongan di Malaysia memperlihatkan perkembangan yang memberangsangkan. Kerajaan memberikan perhatian yang serius kepada sektor ini disebabkan kemampuannya dalam menyumbangkan pendapatan kepada negara disamping meningkatkan taraf sosioekonomi rakyat. Penggubalan beberapa dasar yang mesra pelancongan, kestabilan politik dan ekonomi, kekuatan sumberjaya pelancongan sedia ada, pembukaan destinasi-destinasi baru serta promosi yang agresif menyumbang kepada peningkatan kedatangan pelancong ke negara ini. Bagi memastikan industri pelancongan terus berkembang, Malaysia mempromosikan pelbagai konsep pelancongan seperti ekopelancongan, agro pelancongan, pelancongan bandar, pelancongan budaya dan sejarah, pelancongan kesihatan, homestay dan sebagainya. Salah satu konsep pelancongan yang dipromosikan adalah melancong ke beberapa destinasi yang terletak di sempadan negara. Sebanyak 9 buah lokasi yang menjadi tumpuan pelancong di sepanjang sempadan Malaysia – Thailand. Aktiviti yang popular di destinasi ini adalah membeli-belah yang majoritinya dikunjungi oleh pelancong domestik. Salah satu tujuan kerajaan membangunkan kawasan-kawasan sempadan adalah memberikan peluang pekerjaan dan pendapatan kepada penduduk yang tinggal berhampiran sempadan disamping membuka kawasan-kawasan baru untuk tujuan pembangunan. Apabila disebut tentang pelancongan sempadan, beberapa isu seringkali dikaitkan dengan kawasan ini iaitu corak pergerakan pelancong, dasar pemberian visa, urusan di Kompleks Kastam dan Kuarantin, tarikan dan imej produk yang ditawarkan, corak pembangunan destinasi, status bebas cukai, pihak yang memperolehi manfaat hasil daripada pembangunan kawasan sempadan, keselamatan negara, aktiviti penyeludupan dan sebagainya. Kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan mengenai pelancongan sempadan berdasarkan konsep dan pengertian, dasar-dasar kerajaan Malaysia terhadap pembangunan di kawasan sempadan, keadaan semasa aktiviti pelancongan di beberapa pintu masuk utama sempadan Malaysia dan Thailand, potensi-potensi yang boleh diceburi dan dibangunkan pada masa depan oleh kedua-dua pihak disamping isu-isu yang menjadi halangan dalam pembangunan pelancongan di kawasan ini. Kata kunci: membeli-belah, pelancongan sempadan, Malaysia dan Thailand ABSTRACT Since the 1980s, the tourism industry in Malaysia showed robust growth. As a result, this sector has been given serious attention by the government due to its ability in generating income to the country as well as to increase the socioeconomic status of the people. The formulation of a number of tourism-friendly policies, economic and political stability, strength of the existing tourism resources, opening new destinations as well as an aggressive promotion have contributed to the increase in tourist arrivals to this country. To ensure that the tourism industry continues to grow, Malaysia promotes variety of tourism concepts such as eco-tourism, agro tourism, urban tourism, cultural and historical tourism, health tourism, homestay, and so forth. One of the tourism concepts that have been promoted is to travel around a number of destinations, which are located on the borders of the country. There are a total of 9 attractive tourist locations along the border of Malaysia–Thailand. The most popular activity in this destination is shopping, which majority is visited by the domestic tourists. One objective of the government to develop the border areas to provide job opportunity and source of income to people living near the border as well as open up new areas for development. When discussing about cross-border tourism, some of the issues that are repeatedly raised with this field of area are the trend of tourist movement and destination development, those who benefited from development of border areas, visa issuance policy, administration of the Customs and Quarantine Complex, tax-free status, national security, smuggling activities and others. Therefore, this study will discuss the concept of cross-border tourism, the Malaysian government's policies on development in the

Following difficult phases at the end of the 20th century, the Western Balkan countries are endeavouring to (re-)position themselves on the international tourism market. Since these countries are small, they often have only limited potential for the self-contained development of many tourism products. Hence it stands to reason to engage in cross-border cooperation to enhance the spectrum of products available. This contribution focuses on the border region between Montenegro and Albania in the Montenegrin or Albanian Alps. The options for intensifying collaboration and the constraints involved will be discussed.

For many years the borders between Israel and its neighbouring countries have been strongly marked and heavily fortified boundaries which have functioned as a significant impediment to tourism. Since the 1980s, new border agreements have been established between Israel and some of its neighbouring countries. However, even though cooperative tourism agreements have been signed, crossing borders and the development of border tourism have not reached a desirable level of normalization as it has in other cross-border regions of the world.

This report is a summery of the conference ‘Border Tourism and Regional Development at the Frontier of Israel and its Neighboring Countries’. The conference was held on March 21st, 2006, at the Sheraton Moriah Hotel in Tiberias, Israel. It brought together tourism researchers and professionals from throughout Israel and abroad. The conference was organized by the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Studies at the Kinneret College on the Sea of Galilee, with assistance and sponsorship of several partners.

Since the invasion of the Turkish army in 1974 the island of Cyprus stands divided in the Republic of Cyprus in the South and the internationally not recognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) in the North. Efforts for reunification have failed several times, last in 2004, when UN Secretary General Kofi Annan tried to mediate between both sides.
The Republic of Cyprus has been and still is a very popular tourism destination, marked by a rather stable arrival number of 2.5 million tourists a year, mainly from Great Britain, while the TRNC creates arrivals mainly based on Turkey. In recent years there has been a clear increase of international tourists mainly from Central Europe, almost doubling yearly arrivals.
Although international tourists have been able to cross the border for almost two decades a clear increase in border-crossings could be witnessed since the border was also opened to locals in 2004. Due to on-going political rivalry and administrative constraints cross-border-tourism is still in a very early stage, resulting in only a few tour operators offering packages covering the whole island and a bunch of individual tourists exploring Cyprus as a whole.
The article will focus on the wasted opportunities in the field of tourism on the island of Cyprus due to its political division and try to provide an insight to a visionary perspective on tourism potentials in a jointly managed destination of Cyprus.

Abstrak Tulisan paper ini mengangkat tentang Penerapan Corporate Social Responbility pada Cross Border Tourism di Desa Temajuk Kabupaten Sambas, dengan metode penelitian pendekatan naratif ini menelaah tentang apa saja upaya yang sudah dilakukan pihak Dinas Pariwisata, Pemuda dan Olahraga terkait kegiatan corporate social responbility terhadap cross border tourism di Desa Temajuk, bahwa didapatkan terkait kegiatan CSR bisa dikatagorikan baik melalui perannya sebagai koordinator, fasilitator dan stimulator.

The paper focuses on the tourism development strategy of the Amur Oblast called “Twin Cities”. Said initiative became the first attempt of the Russian Far Eastern regions to create the hospitality industry towards Chinese tourists in the Sino-Russian borderlands. Bringing together such sub-disciplines as border tourism, urban planning and territorial development helps to find out the peculiarities of Blagoveshchensk and Heihe relations among other adjacent settlements along the Russian-Chinese
border. Detected features give the ground to define “twin-cities” rhetoric around the border city pair under the scrutiny as a touristic brand construction. On the basis on Blagoveshchensk and Heihe investment plans analysis, the author argues that studied initiative might reshape unbalanced onesided structure of current tourist flow across the Russian-Chinese border.

Existen múltiples métodos que permiten planificar el
turismo, si bien, en buena parte de los casos se centran en
la descripción y análisis aislado de los principales parámetros
que configuran esta actividad. Sin embargo, una planificación
coherente y eficaz precisa de las técnicas de análisis
territorial más desarrolladas, dado el carácter espacial
del turismo y la complejidad que le es inherente. Por ello,
proponemos aunar los aspectos más destacados del análisis
estadístico con los del Sistema de Información Geográfica,
plasmados en la estadística espacial; en concreto, partimos
del análisis de regresión geográficamente ponderada como
instrumento inferencial. Los resultados obtenidos en diferentes
pruebas avalan la bondad de la técnica, siempre que
se sigan las pautas de aplicación descritas en la literatura específica y refutadas por la comunidad científica.

Tourists are one of the most numerous categories
of Russian visitors to Japan. However, the
number of Russian tourists visiting Japan
annually is not very high, amounting just two or
three dozens of thousands annually. Visa
requirements are among the most serious
barriers hindering the growth of this flow. The current memo
examines particular ways in which the visa regime influences
Russian tourism to Japan, informal practices employed by
visitors in response, and the current prospects for Russian-
Japanese talks on this issue. Apart from statistics and media
sources I employ texts of the relevant online discussions in the
Vinsky Forum (the largest and the best managed online travel
community in Russia) and transcripts of interviews with seven
managers of travel agencies from four selected Russian cities
(Moscow, St. Petersburg, Vladivostok, and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk)
specializing in Japan as a tourist destination.

This Policy Brief is based on a survey study which tries to understand (1) the levels of spending amongst Bruneian visitors in Miri, (2) the expenditure patterns of types of goods and services purchased by Bruneians visitors in Miri, and (3) reasons for such spending. The objective of the policy brief itself is to report on the survey findings of cross border expenditure of Bruneian visitors to Miri and to outline the main policy implications and recommendations.
A survey involving 594 groups of people coming back from their trips to Miri, through Sungai Tujoh Immigration Control Post, was conducted on two consecutive weekends from the end of August, 2014 just after payday.
Our survey findings show that Bruneians spend a total of B$ 205.16 per group per trip, which corresponds to a total of B$ 61.3 million a year. This estimated amount represents 1.4% of household final consumption expenditure in 2013. As it is quite a low figure comparatively, we argue that it is not a major policy concern by itself. It would seem that a large number of Bruneians are visiting Miri not just for shopping but as a preferred leisure and entertainment venue. There is a significant element of shopping for necessities in Miri especially amongst low income Bruneians.
The main policy implications of this study include the need to improve the competitiveness of our local retail sector for more variety and price competiveness of goods and services, encourage inward cross border shopping and tourism, improve our own leisure and entertainment provision to encourage Bruneians to spend their leisure time in Brunei itself, increase the liveability of the Belait district, better customs enforcement and a review of fiscal measures for importation of goods. Lastly, but perhaps more importantly, there is a need to revise social policy in Brunei in particular towards improving access to necessities for low income groups. Low income Bruneians are spending their income in Miri because they can buy more necessities, and this is an indication of the existence of poverty within the country. In this context, the increasing numbers of Bruneians going to Miri is often more a symptom of a social problem in Brunei itself, rather than the cause of the policy issue under review.

Timothy. D.J.  Gelbman, A. (2015). “Tourist Lodging, Food Services and the Cultural Heritage of Borderlands".  Journal of Heritage Tourism, 11(2).

This research note examines how international borders have created a unique heritage context within which a number of hotels and restaurants have flourished largely because of their border locations. A spatial typology is presented of border-located lodging and food services to include establishments that lie directly on borderlines, as well as those that are located near international boundaries and whose heritage appeal is affected by their ‘bisected’ or otherwise border-located heritagescapes. Empirical examples are presented from North America and Europe to illustrate the types of borderland establishments that appeal to visitors because of their international border heritage.

Keywords: borders, boundaries, lodging, restaurants, historic hotels, accommodations, heritage