Air Transport

Lo scritto prende in esame la questione relativa al trattamento e al trasferimento dei dati personali dei passeggeri (PNR) nel trasporto aereo, con lo scopo di combattere il terrorismo internazionale e la criminalità transnazionale.
La questione è stata molto dibattuta a livello europeo, a partire dal primo accordo tra USA-Ue nel 2004, poi abrogato dalla Corte di giustizia Ue, sino ai tempi più recenti, con l’approvazione della direttiva 681/2016 e il parere 1/15 del 2017 della Corte di giustizia sulla compatibilità tra l’accordo Ue-Canada e il vigente quadro normativo dell’Ue, successivo all’entrata in vigore del trattato di Lisbona e della Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione europea.
The article reviews the issue of processing and transfer of passenger name record (PNR) data in air transport, for purposes of fighting international terrorism and transnational crime.
The issue has been much debated at the European level, starting from the first USAEU Agreement of 2004, later annulled by the EU Court of Justice, until more recently, with the approval of Directive (EU) 2016/681 and the Opinion 1/15 of 26 July 2017 by the Court of Justice on the compatibility of the EU-Canada Agreement with the current regulatory framework of the EU, following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

On Friday 15 March 2013, Clean Sky organized two workshops on Clean Sky 2. The morning session was dedicated to Academia and the afternoon session to Clusters. The purpose of these workshops was to discuss the present experience in Clean Sky and the expectations for the future Clean Sky 2. During each workshop, participants were invited to share their Clean SKy experience and to participate in an open discussion. The Greener Aircraft Trajectories under ATM Constraints (GATAC) framework is developed as part of the Systems for Green Operations (SGO) - Integrated Technology Demonstrators (ITD) of the Clean Sky Joint Technology Initiative for Aeronautics and Air Transport programme based on the requirements set by the Advisory Council for Aviation Research and Innovation in Europe (ACARE). European Union websites: http://www.cleansky.eu/sites/default/files/documents/events/cs2-20130315/A4%20-Presentation%20for%20CS2%20Workshops%20-%20Academia%20%26%20Clusters%20(Dr%20R%20Sabatini%20-%2015%20March%202013).pdf http://www.cleansky.eu/content/event/workshops-clean-sky-2-dedicated-academia-and-clusters

... increased oceanographic expertise, combined with massively enhanced computer-modellingpower permits a ... coastal estuarine/lagoon bird watching and glass-bottom boat excursions are all ... tourists who demand enhanced infrastructure that has measurable impacts on the ...

We would like to invite you to join this exciting new project as a chapter contributor. Since this is a textbook, a great deal of this chapter entails a survey on the topic under the paradigm of cyber-physical systems, what can be done onboard and remotely, the distributed nature of the system and some exercises on futurology (anticipating trends can shed some light on upcoming designs). IET will bring great visibility to your work. You are welcome to suggest another topic/chapter title if you feel it would be more suitable. Each chapter should be around 20-25 pages each and can be submitted as a Word or Latex File. The IET will send you additional information (formatting, permission form, etc.) with the contributor's agreement once you have agreed to contribute to the book. Visit http:// www.theiet.org/resources/author-hub/books/index.cfm to get all information you need as a contributor to an IET research-level book. Each book is expected to have a total number of 500 printed pages (based on approximately 550 words per page with a 20% allowance for figures and tables). We have included a tentative schedule and list of topics below. If this is something you would consider, please send me the title of your chapter, a short description/abstract of the chapter content, and your full contact details. We will expect original content and new results for this book. You can, of course, reuse published material but the percentage of material reuse for the chapter should be less than 40%. The IET will run a piracy software on the full manuscript to control that you are including original material and will reject chapters who contain a large amount of already-published material so please do take this into consideration.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Paper is about how railway freight can best be organized to contribute to economic development. Nearly all the freight that railways carry, could be carried by one or more other modes of transport. But railways have a particular role to ...

Trans-Risk - An Integrated Method for Risk Management in Transport Many attempts have been made at risk management integration in other spheres of life. A review of risk management in the modes of transport shows some substantial differences in the terminology and the detailed rules and applications of risk management. As a result, it is important to try and integrate risk management methods in transport. This paper presents the results of the work of an interdisciplinary team working on integrating the methods of risk management. The members represented the four modes of transport listed in the project called Integrated System of Transport Safety ZEUS. The paper presents the background conditions for the integration of risk management in transport and a concept of an integrated method for risk management called TRANS-RISK.

In this paper we consider the daily aircraft routing and scheduling problem (DARSP). It consists of determining daily schedules which maximize the anticipated profits derived from the aircraft of a heterogeneous fleet. This fleet must cover a set of operational flight legs ...

Purpose: This study investigates what Turkish Airlines as a global airline company reports for corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts on its corporate website by developing a framework assessing reports of airline companies’ CSR practices.
Design/methodology/approach: Content analysis was conducted on reports, documents, and written policies published on the Turkish Airlines corporate website by the end of 2017.
Findings: The research findings suggest that Turkish Airlines publishes numerous reports highlighting their CSR activities. The study results show that Turkish Airlines reports its CSR activities through reports, documents, and written policies. While the CSR reporting
efforts deal with all CSR areas, the environmental dimension is the mostly emphasized area.
Practical Implications: The study provides a model and data-driven analyses for decisionmakers and policymakers.
Originality/Value: As one of the first study in the field, this research examines CSR reporting efforts in the airline industry via a new framework developed for airline companies.

This paper assesses the role of flight frequency on tourism entrepreneurial development in Malawi. The air transport industry
in other African countries is growing stronger and helps to promote tourism entrepreneurial development. Countries such as
South Africa, Ethiopia, and Kenya, have developed strong air transport network which is vital in tourism development. On the
other hand, many African countries, Malawi inclusive are struggling to develop such air transport network which directly affects
tourism entrepreneurial development. Businesses such as travel agencies, tour operators, ground handlers, and airports are highly
depending on airline’s operation to survive. In an attempt to analyze the scenario in the tourism industry between airline’s frequency
and tourism entrepreneurial development there was a measure of relationship between the two hence the employment of quantitative
approach in addition to in-depth interviews conducted with airline, travel, and tour operations managers to compare the results.
The study revealed that airlines have a vital role in tourism entrepreneurial development and that without airlines operating, many
businesses would not have existed and should all airlines stop operating in the country, many companies would follow suit. The study
also ascertained that high frequency of flights at a destination means more opportunities and revenue for tourism entrepreneurs.

Strategy helps an organization to align with its environment which is dynamic most of the time. And when managing a strategy, an organization has to consider both internal and external environment it operates in. For an effective and successful implementation of strategy that has a link to the overall organizational vision, it’s vital to use a tool for mapping, controlling and measuring performance. A balanced scorecard is a measure linked to company strategy and directs a company to link its own long term strategies with tangible goals and actions. Based on the balanced scorecard, managers can evaluate the company from four perspectives which are financial performance, customer knowledge, internal business process and learning and growth. As such, balanced score card is the main tool for strategy mapping and performance measurement as it consider both financial and non- financial measures. The main advantage of balanced scorecard as a strategy mapping and performance measurement tool over other similar tools is that, balanced scorecard is the best preferred and widely used when it comes to measuring quality for organizations that seek to measure performance beyond the traditional cost accounting measure. In addition to measuring performance, the balanced scorecard can serve as a simple mapping tool to communication the whole organizational strategy to employees. Through this capability of mapping process performance, balanced scorecard can help in continuously improve quality seen by customers.

Background: Shifting travellers from air to rail can reduce environmental impacts and is an important European Union goal. Online travel planning applications allow travellers to easily compare air and rail transport choices, however, they may not accurately consider time travellers spend at the airport or railway station since these depend on buffer times travellers use to protect against delays. Methods: This research investigated the actual time spent at airports and railway stations to analyse the accuracy of travel planning applications and help improve the quality of travel time estimates.The research used a travel time recording application to determine the time spent by passengers at airports and railway stations. Data was collected for 312 trips. The research was supplemented by an extensive literature review of dwell times and multimodal travel planning applications. Results: The research found that travellers spent an average of 157 minutes at airports and 32 minutes at r...

Purpose: The aim of this article is to analyze the evolution of fuel consumption efficiency of the domestic flights in Brazil along the period 2000-2015 in order understand the overall efficiency of the aeronautical infrastructure in this country.Design/methodology: This article proposes a method for high level assessments of the aeronautical infrastructure efficiency (either on ground or airspace) in a fast and easy to grasp manner, using the key performance indicator of useful distance per flight hour. The method estimates the average flight time spent by the national carriers to accomplish the average stage lengths in each year of the period 2000-2015 and compare these results with the flight time baseline included in the flight planning data of the aircrafts composing the Brazilian commercial aircraft fleet.Findings: This approach leads to huge differences between the referred results and the fuel consumption shown by flight operations manuals and were attributed to the ineffici...

After fi nishing the process of liberalisation of air transport, the European Union has realised what benefi ts its air transport sector, carriers and economy could have if it would only spread its common aviation rules outside the borders of the EU. In the fi rst decade of the 21 century the EU has undergone a systematic revision of bilateral agreements which Member States have concluded with third countries in the air transport sector, but it has also made an interesting twist in its policy towards neighbouring countries. The idea of a common European sky, encompassing much more than the EU itself was incorporated in the 2006 European Common Aviation Area Agreement. The European Union (with its 27 Member States) and another eleven European non-EU countries have signed the agreement, obliging themselves to create a common aviation area based on mutual market access to the air transport markets of all contracting parties and on respect to the same rules in the areas of safety, secur...

„Gdy już posmakowałeś lotu, zawsze będziesz chodzić po ziemi z oczami utkwionymi w niebo, bo tam właśnie byłeś i tam zawsze będziesz pragnął powrócić” - te słowa Leonarda da Vinci towarzyszą autorom niniejszej publikacji przez cały czas . Chcąc zachęcić Czytelnika do „posmakowania” tego niezwykłego podniebnego świata, postanowiliśmy oddać w jego ręce książkę na temat podstaw funkcjonowania lotnictwa cywilnego – prawa i procedur. Zdaniem autorów, istotnym walorem publikacji jest właśnie szczegółowy opis procedur lotniczych stanowiący doskonałe źródło wiedzy dla osób przygotowujących się do uzyskania lotniczych licencji i świadectw, jak również dla prawników czy pracowników przedsiębiorstw lotniczych.
W rozdziale 1 zaprezentowano genezę i krótki rys historyczny międzynarodowego prawa lotniczego. Uwzględniono jego podstawowe źródła oraz poszczególne reżimy i systemy prawne. Przedstawiono rozwój prawa lotniczego Unii Europejskiej, będącego w istocie jednym z najistotniejszych dla funkcjonowania polskiego transportu lotniczego. Opisano zarówno kompetencje unijnych organów, jak i jeden z efektów ich działalności, czyli rodzaje wydawanych aktów prawnych.
Rozdział 2 zawiera charakterystyki najważniejszych konwencji lotniczych, zaś rozdział 3 – międzynarodowych rządowych i pozarządowych organizacji lotniczych. Część 4 poświęcono polskiemu prawu lotniczemu: ustawie oraz stosownym rozporządzeniom. W kolejnych rozdziałach przedstawiono niezbędne w procesie przygotowania do lotu, podstawowe dokumenty lotnicze, takie jak m.in.: Zbiór Informacji Lotniczej, Biuletyn Informacji Lotniczych, plan lotu, mapy, wiele depeszy meteorologicznych czy książkę pilota. Służby ruchu lotniczego, ich podział, strukturę, a także związane z nimi procedury opisano w rozdziale 7. Rozdział 8 z kolei poświęcono dokumentom normującym tworzenie linii lotniczych i świadczenie usług przewozów lotniczych. Ostatnie rozdziały obejmują swym zakresem nieprawidłowości w ruchu lotniczym oraz podstawy funkcjonowania służb SAR. Całość wieńczy krótkie podsumowanie. Uzupełnieniem opracowania jest zestaw załączników bazujący na dokumentach Organizacji Międzynarodowego Lotnictwa Cywilnego (International Civil Aviation Organization - ICAO) stan ratyfikacji międzynarodowych konwencji lotniczych w wybranych państwach i organizacjach (stan na 31.10.2014 r.), wybrane konwencje lotnicze oraz tzw. marsz lotników będący hymnem polskiego lotnictwa.
Reasumując, publikacja zawiera przegląd najważniejszych międzynarodowych dokumentów prawa lotniczego i ich modyfikacji, krajowych aktów prawnych regulujących funkcjonowanie lotnictwa cywilnego oraz dokumentów operacyjnych międzynarodowych organizacji lotniczych. Uwzględnia ponadto kolejne nowelizacje ustawy Prawo lotnicze oraz jej tekst jednolity z 2014 r., co czyni ją najbardziej aktualną pozycją wydawniczą poświęconą tematyce prawno-lotniczej na rynku. Autorzy nie ukrywają, że ze względu na szczegółowe omówienie w literaturze naukowej problematyki świadczenia przez porty lotnicze usług, inwestycji w infrastrukturę czy uwarunkowań antymonopolowo-prawnych , powyższe kwestie zostały pominięte w niniejszym opracowaniu. Niektóre aspekty prawa lotniczego i wynikające z niego procedury zostały natomiast omówione skrótowo, by zachęcić czytelnika do samodzielnego studiowania materiałów źródłowych – ustaw, rozporządzeń i konwencji.

Sokan, sokfélét gondolnak az ellátási láncokról, és különösen a logisztikáról. Annyit biztosan tudhatunk, hogy az elmúlt mintegy ötven évben a logisztika egy sokszereplős, gyakran bonyolult folymatokat leképezö iparággá nötte ki magát. Jelen kötet több mint öt év logisztikai té-májú tanulmányait fogja össze Vásárhelyi Árpád tollából a szállitmányozási szerzödésektöl kezdve, a multimodális megoldásokon keresztül, egészen a digitalizációig. Dr. Vásárhelyi Árpád 1976-ban született Budapesten. Tanulmányait az ELTE Bölcsészettudományi Karán (olasz nyelv és irodalom szakon), majd Állam- és Jogtudományi Karán végezte, az ELTE Politikatudományi Doktori Iskolájának abszolvált hallgatója. A 2000-es évek eleje óta különböző szállítmányozási és logisztikai vállalatok vezetője. ISBN 9789634146124

This thesis analyses the changes in the Brazilian air transport industry between the years of 1990 and 2002. During these years, the sector has undergone a comprehensive program of market reforms, having as a background the transition from a nationalist-developmentalist political economy to one focused on the competitive insertion in the new order of the global capitalism. Throughout these years, a negative view of the relationship between state and market has prevailed, suggesting that the connections between state actors and private economic agents would be noxious to economic performance. Thus, the transition has aimed at abolishing the political rationale from the economic dynamic in order to strengthen the market. I propose an alternative approach that emphasizes the qualitative aspect of the relationship between state actors and private economic agents, suggesting that the way this relationship is structured is an important variable to the success of the market functioning and to the implementation of the reforms itself. The analysis demonstrates that the reforms have been marked by a complex political dynamic, comprising negotiation, dispute, conflict and compromise, leading to a movement of resistance and consent by the main actors involved. I suggest that the exclusion of the institutional mechanisms of interaction between state and non-state actors from the political dynamic has contributed to the crisis which the sector has come to, and also to the fact that the Executive branch has been unable to advance in the reorganization of the regulatory apparatus, with the creation of the National Agency of Civil Aviation.

The aviation and aerospace industry has been one that has grown exponentially in terms of traffic and technology over the last six decades. With the onset of more aircraft, better flight instruments and systems, and intricate traffic networks in order to govern the flow of this traffic across the North American continent, the air traffic management of all aviation and aerospace vehicles has become relatively complex. While growing air traffic is a major situation, the only way to ensure that the National Airspace System (NAS) is still effective in its mission of maintaining safer skies, is to implement the next generation of navigation operations, procedures and equipment to all major and airports across the United States. With ground-based navigational systems still in use, but somewhat inundated with the air traffic it presently needs to support, Satellite-Based Navigation systems have been used more frequently in order to create tighter 'air corridors' which reduce separation margins, while still allowing safer en-route, and inbound & outbound terminal operations (Nakamura & Royce, 2008). With more accurate guidance aids as well as streamlined procedures, the implementation of Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) has been revolutionary, not only for pilots, but primarily for Air Traffic Control Facilities, in creating a network of routes which can be flown precisely, accurately and repeatedly, thus improving flight operation, as well as air management operational efficiency (Timar, Hunter & Post, 2016). Throughout the course of this paper, the effectiveness of PBN methods, including RNP and RNAV, will be evaluated in order to highlight their operational compatibility and standards, in maintaining a safe and efficient NAS, while also lowering air traffic congestion and improving airspace management (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2016). Examples from various major airports across the United States will be highlighted in order to corroborate with the effectiveness of PBN methods, along with a discussion about the future development of PBN and how it plans on creating a NAS inclusive of all entities capable of flight.

This article examines five common misunderstandings about case-study research: (a) theoretical knowledge is more valuable than practical knowledge; (b) one cannot generalize from a single case, therefore, the single-case study cannot contribute to scientific development; (c) the case study is most useful for generating hypotheses, whereas other methods are more suitable for hypotheses testing and theory building; (d) the case study contains a bias toward verification; and (e) it is often difficult to summarize specific case studies. This article explains and corrects these misunderstandings one by one and concludes with the Kuhnian insight that a scientific discipline without a large number of thoroughly executed case studies is a discipline without systematic production of exemplars, and a discipline without exemplars is an ineffective one. Social science may be strengthened by the execution of a greater number of good case studies.