Data Plane

In the fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, the number of user-plane gateways has increased, and, in contrast to previous generations they can be deployed in a decentralized way and auto-scaled independently from their control-plane functions. Moreover, the performance of the user-plane gateways can be boosted with the adoption of advanced acceleration techniques such as Vector Packet Processing (VPP). However, the increased number of user-plane gateways has also made load balancing a necessity, something we find has so far received little attention. Moreover, the introduction of VPP poses a challenge to the design of the auto-scaling of user-plane gateways. In this paper, we address these two challenges by proposing a novel performance indicator for making better auto-scaling decisions, and by proposing three new dynamic load-balancing algorithms for the user plane of a VPP-based, softwarized 5G network. The novel performance indicator is estimated based on the VPP vector rate and is used as a threshold for the auto-scaling process. The dynamic load-balancing algorithms take into account the number of bearers allocated for each user-plane gateway and their VPP vector rate. We validate and evaluate our proposed solution in a 5G testbed. Our experiment results show that the scaling helps to reduce the packet latency for the user-plane traffic, and that our proposed load-balancing algorithms can give a better distribution of traffic load as compared to traditional static algorithms.

Communication in one building will be more efficient if using Voice over WLAN rather than using GSM connection. In order to realize this goal, research on VoWLAN communication is conducted, with the hope that a free communication system will be used by every resident of the building without fear of spending money. Hence, the quality of this communication technology must be reliable. So, in this study will do QoS (Quality of Service) testing of the VoWLAN system that runs on the Wi-Fi facility. The Wi-Fi standard will be compared between IEEE 802.11 b, g , and n, to find out which is best for VoWLAN.

This paper describes a solution for the Intserv operations over Diffserv network, based on the use of a Bandwidth Broker for the resource allocation. The Architectural scenario is described, which is based on the current IETF work in this area. For the communication of the admission control request to the Bandwidth Broker, the use of COPS protocol is proposed and the detailed protocol specification have been given. In particular, a new client type for the COPS protocol ids proposed to support dynamic DiffServ admission control. The Policy Decision Point (PDP) acts as a "Bandwidth Broker " for the Policy Enforcement Point (PEP) which is requesting resources. The use of the defined mechanism is suited for (but it is not limited to) the Integrated Services operation over Diffserv networks. The proposed model has been implemented in a test-bed, where both the control plane and the data plane are realized according to the specification. 1.

This article gives an overview of the effort underway in ITU-T SG 13 on an architectural framework for QoS support in packet networks, with a focus on IP. Provisionally named Y. qosar, the framework is to be published as a new ITU-T Recommendation. At ...

Lack of Flexibility, Centralized Control, and Cost are limitations of the traditional network. Software defined networking (SDN) adds flexibility and programmability in network management by separating the control plane from the data plane. Distributed controllers with SDN are logically centralized at control plane and physically distributed at data plane. They are deployed to improve the adeptness and accuracy of the control plane, which could isolate network into few subdomains with independent SDN controllers. Traffic is dynamic and configuration between switch and controller is static. If one of the controllers fails, load imbalance arises. To address this problem of fault tolerance in distributed controller DCFT (Distributed Controller Fault Tolerance) model is proposed in this paper. A novel switch migration method with coordinator controller in a distributed SDN controller is proposed for providing fault tolerance through load balancing. The system architecture of the proposed model with different modules such as coordinator controller election, load collection, decision taking, switch migration, Inter controller messenger designed. On failure of coordinator controller switch migration discussed. Implement DCFT model in Mininet, derived results, The results show that our design could achieve load balancing among distributed controllers while fault occurs, regardless network traffic variation and outperforms static binding controller system with communication overhead, controller load balance rate, and packet delay. We compare our model with CRD (controller redundancy decision), MUSM (maximum utilization switch migration) and ZSM (Zero switch migration) techniques. Simulation analysis performed on custom topology. We compare packet delay, communication overhead and load balancing rate in a custom topology with before and after migration of switches. It's revealed that the DCFT model produces better performance in fault tolerance.