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S’analitza l’impacte que tenen els moderns sistemes electronics encastats en diferents ambits, com son la societat, l’ambit industrial i l’educacio. Es presenta una breu definicio del que es un sistema encastat i es donen alguns exemples de les aplicacions que pot tenir. Es fa un repas de les tendencies actuals dels sistemes encastats i una projeccio a mitja i llarg termini de l’impacte que poden arribar a tenir. Es conclou amb unes recomanacions d’actuacio amb l’objectiu de preparar la societat i la industria catalana vers l’imminent futur dels objectes cibernetics interconnectats.

No. 007-0358 Page 1 A CONCEPTUAL THINKING OF GLOBAL SUPPLY NETWORK (GSN) IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY: Towards Architecture & Reconfiguration Pichawadee Kittipanya-ngam*, Yongjiang Shi, Mike J. Gregory Centre for International Manufacturing, Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Mill Lane, Cambridge, CB2 1RX, United Kingdom Correspondence*: pk289@cam.ac.uk, +44(0)7725942455 POMS 18th Annual Conference Dallas, Texas, U.S.A. May 4 to May 7, 2007 ABSTRACT Food industry is considerably complex and fragmented by reasons of a large amountFood industry is considerably complex and fragmented by reasons of a large amount of product varieties and mix, its specific product characteristics (i.e. perishability, temperature control), and a large number of participants with different size of firms. Coupled with the globalisation trends, food industry becomes even more vulnerable and dynamic because of turbulent global environment (food standard restrictions, publ...

Sphingomonas wittichii strain RW1 (RW1) is one of the few strains that can grow on dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD). We conducted a transcriptomic study of RW1 using RNA-Seq to outline transcriptional responses to DD, dibenzofuran (DF), and the smectite clay mineral saponite with succinate as carbon source. The ability to grow on DD is rare compared to growth on the chemically similar DF even though the same initial dioxygenase may be involved in oxidation of both substrates. Therefore, we hypothesized the reason for this lies beyond catabolic pathways and may concern genes involved in processes for cell-substrate interactions such as substrate recognition, transport, and detoxification. Compared to succinate (SUC) as control carbon source, DF caused over 240 protein-coding genes to be differentially expressed, whereas more than 300 were differentially expressed with DD. Stress response genes were up-regulated in response to both DD and DF. This effect was stronger with DD than DF, suggesting ...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat kitosan dan oligo-kitosan serta mempelajari karakteristiknya. Parameter yang diuji pada penelitian ini adalah kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein dan kadar lemak. karakteristik dari proses depolimerasi kitosan menjadi oligo-kitosan berpengaruh nyata menurunkan kadar protein, abu, lemak, derajat putih dan tetapi terdapat kenaikan kadar air, karena disebabkan proses pengeringan yang tidak optimal. Kadar air, kadar protein, abu , derajat putih dan viskositas kitosan dan oligo-kitosan masih berada di bawah standar mutu disebabkan oleh kurang optimalnya proses deproteinisasi, demineralisasi, deasetilasi dan depolimerisasi.  Tingginya kandungan abu (mineral) menurunkan kelarutan dari kitosan dan oligo-kitosan sehingga nilai viskositas menjadi rendah.This study aims to make chitosan and oligo-chitosan and studied its characteristics. The parameters tested in this study were moisture, ash, protein and fat content. Characteristics of chitosan depolimera...

The cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) is a key enzyme involved in many cellular processes in eukaryotes. In mammals, the regulatory (R) subunit localises the catalytic (C) subunit to specific subcellular sites through the interaction of its N-terminal homodimeric docking and dimerization (D/D) domain with specific scaffold proteins. The structure of the D/D domain has been extensively studied in mammals, but there is little information from non-mammalian species. In this work, we present the structural analysis of the D/D domain of Bcy1, the R subunit of PKA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using chemical crosslinking experiments and static light scattering measurements we found that this R subunit forms a tetramer in solution, unlike its dimeric mammalian counterparts. We determined that the D/D domain is responsible for this unusual oligomeric state. Using biophysical techniques including size-exclusion chromatography, sucrose gradient sedimentation, small angle X-ray scattering (...

The cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) is a key enzyme involved in many cellular processes in eukaryotes. In mammals, the regulatory (R) subunit localises the catalytic (C) subunit to specific subcellular sites through the interaction of its N-terminal homodimeric docking and dimerization (D/D) domain with specific scaffold proteins. The structure of the D/D domain has been extensively studied in mammals, but there is little information from non-mammalian species. In this work, we present the structural analysis of the D/D domain of Bcy1, the R subunit of PKA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using chemical crosslinking experiments and static light scattering measurements we found that this R subunit forms a tetramer in solution, unlike its dimeric mammalian counterparts. We determined that the D/D domain is responsible for this unusual oligomeric state. Using biophysical techniques including size-exclusion chromatography, sucrose gradient sedimentation, small angle X-ray scattering (...

Seafood is one of the foods favored by the community and has waste that is not used properly, such as shells. The component contained in the highest shell is chitin, this chitin content can be processed into chitosan. Chitosan is obtained from a process, namely enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis and this process can also be used to obtain chitooligosaccharides. Chitooligosaccharides are complex compounds of the glycoprotein group which have -1,4 glucosamine bonds. Chitooligosaccharides can act as prebiotics. Recently, there has been a lot of research on the characteristics and prebiotic activity of chitooligosaccharides. However, there is a lack of information regarding the relationship between the characteristics and prebiotic activity of chitooligosaccharides mainly from different sources of chitooligosaccharides. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize and collect viewpoints regarding the relationship of characteristics with prebiotic activity. The characteristics of chi...

Pada penelitian ini dipelajari aktifitas biodegradasiin vitro dengan menggunakan enzim lisozim untuk serat kitosan yang telah diberi perlakuan proses dehidrasi dan plastisisasidan biodegradasi in vivo terhadap kucing.  Dengan tujuan  untuk mengetahui parameter yang dapat menurunkan kecepatan biodegradasi yang ditunjukkan oleh penurunan besarnya kehilangan  kekuatan tarik, padabiodegradasi in vitro dilakukan pengukuran diameter dan densitas, kekuatan tarik dan morfologi. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa biodegradasi serat kitosan dengan enzim lisozim dalam media larutan PBS (phosphat buffer saline)pada suhu 37oC selama 3 hari, menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kekuatan tarik, dan besarnya penurunan kekuatan tarik dipengaruhi oleh diameter serat, densitas serat,  proses dehidrasi dan plastisisasi yang dilakukan, derajat deasetilasi kitosan serta jumlah enzim yang diberikan. Peningkatan densitas, melakukan proses dehidrasi dilanjutkan  plastisisasi (DP) dan penggunaan kitosan deng...

This response offers a critical appraisal of the claim of Albrecht Ritschl to have found a possible resolution to what he calls the Anglo-German industrial productivity puzzle, which arose as the result of a new industrial production index produced in an earlier paper by the same author. Projection back from a widely accepted 1935/36 benchmark using the Ritschl index showed German industrial labor productivity in 1907 substantially higher than in Britain. This presented a puzzle for at least two reasons. First, other comparative information from the pre—World War I period, such as wages, seems difficult to square with much higher German labor productivity at this time. Second, a direct benchmark estimate produced by Stephen Broadberry and Carsten Burhop, using production census information for Britain and industrial survey material of similar quality for Germany, suggested broadly equal labor productivity in 1907. Broadberry and Burhop also showed that if Walther Hoffmann's indu...

By taking advantage of the peculiar dynamic covalent reactivity of boronic acids to form tetraboronate derivatives, interest has risen to use the aryl derivatives in materials science and supramolecular chemistry, nevertheless their ability to form H-bonded complexes has been only marginally touched. Herein we report the first solution and solid-state binding studies of first double H-bonded DD•AA-type complexes of a series of aromatic boronic acids that adopt a synsyn conformation with suitable complementary H-bonding acceptor partners. The first determination of the Ka in solution of ortho substituted boronic acids showed that 1:1 association is in the range between 300 and 6900 M-1. Crystallization of dimeric 1:1, trimeric 1:2 and 2:1 complexes enabled in depth examination of these complexes in the solid state, proving the selection of the -B(OH)2 syn-syn conformer through a pair of frontal H-bonds with the relevant AA partner. Non-ortho substituted boronic acids result in "...

The cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) is a key enzyme involved in many cellular processes in eukaryotes. In mammals, the regulatory (R) subunit localises the catalytic (C) subunit to specific subcellular sites through the interaction of its N-terminal homodimeric docking and dimerization (D/D) domain with specific scaffold proteins. The structure of the D/D domain has been extensively studied in mammals, but there is little information from non-mammalian species. In this work, we present the structural analysis of the D/D domain of Bcy1, the R subunit of PKA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using chemical crosslinking experiments and static light scattering measurements we found that this R subunit forms a tetramer in solution, unlike its dimeric mammalian counterparts. We determined that the D/D domain is responsible for this unusual oligomeric state. Using biophysical techniques including size-exclusion chromatography, sucrose gradient sedimentation, small angle X-ray scattering (...

1 Dr. Jhanvi Patel, 2 Dr. Hitarth Patel, 3 Dr. Darshanaben Patel, 4 Dr. Krishna Patel, 5 Nishi Dave, 6 Dr.Mamata Chaudhari 1-4:-B.D.S College of dental sciences and research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. 5:Final year B.D.S student College of dental sciences and research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. 6:-BAMS Dayabhai Maoji Majithiya College of Ayurved Medicine and Surgery. Yavatmal Maharashtra. Corresponding author: Dr. Jhanvi Patel

In this investigation, machine-enhanced techniques were applied to bring about scientific insights to identify a minimum set of phenotypic/functional memory-related biomarkers for post-vaccination follow-up upon yellow fever (YF) vaccination. For this purpose, memory status of circulating T-cells (Naïve/early-effector/Central-Memory/Effector-Memory) and B-cells (Naïve/non-Classical-Memory/Classical-Memory) along with the cytokine profile (IFN/TNF/IL-5/IL-10) were monitored before-NV(day0) and at distinct time-points after 17DD-YF primary vaccination-PV(day30-45); PV(year1-9) and PV(year10-11). A set of biomarkers (eEfCD4; EMCD4; CMCD19; EMCD8; IFNCD4; IL-5CD8; TNFCD4; IFNCD8; TNFCD8; IL-5CD19; IL-5CD4) were observed in PV(day30-45), but not in NV(day0), with most of them still observed in PV(year1-9). Deficiencies of phenotypic/functional biomarkers were observed in NV(day0), while total lack of memory-related attributes was observed in PV(year10-11), regardless of the age at primar...