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This paper presents a non-intrusive system that gives the illusion of a 3D immersive and interactive environment with 2D projectors. The user does not need to wear glasses, nor to watch a (limited) screen. The virtual world is all around him, drawn on the floor. As the user is himself immersed in the virtual world, there is no need for a proxy like an avatar; he can move inside the virtual environment freely. Moreover, the I-see-3D system allows a user to manipulate virtual objects with his own body, making interactions with the virtual world very intuitive. Giving the illusion of 3D requires to render images in such a way that the deformation of the image projected on the floor is taken into account, as well as the position of the user’s “eye” in its virtual world. The resulting projection is neither perspective nor orthographic. Nevertheless, we describe how this can be implemented with the standard OpenGL pipeline, without any shader. Our experiments demonstrate that our system i...

We examine the theoretical rationale for the simultaneous granting of temporary Special and Differential (S&D) treatment to developing countries - both in ite protection and market-access components - under the WTO agreements. S&D rules constitute the centrepiece of the WTO’s strategy for integrating developing countries into the trading system, but have been criticized–both on theoretical and empirical grounds–as being ineffective. We show that seemingly non-reciprocal, limited-duration S&D treatment can be rationalized as a transitional equilibrium feature of a self-enforcing international agreement between a large developed and a small developing country, where the two sides have a joint interest in helping the developing country to overcome a policy commitment problem.

Este trabajo se centra en el desarrollo de una experiencia interactiva virtual, pensada desde el principio para poder ser disfrutada usando cascos de realidad virtual de tipo Oculus Rift o HTC Vive. Se desarrolla desde la voluntad de adquirir más conocimientos de esta tecnología y de los procesos que hay que seguir para conseguir un producto final que sea apto para personas que no tengan muchos conocimientos técnicos en la materia. Además está centrado en adquirir conocimientos más profundos de optimización del proceso de creación de entornos virtuales en cuanto a modelado, texturizado e iluminación, ya que son fundamentales para crear una sensación mayor de realida

The study uses the linear AIDS technique to analyse how consumers of cassava food products in the Lagos metropolitan area react to economic and demographic factors and how consumer reactions can be captured to bring about effective policy formulation for food security and poverty alleviation through value added agricultural production. The results establish that demographic factors such as religion and residential area help to explain perceived variations in the consumption of cassava food products. Given that demand is price-inelastic for all cassava food products examined in the study, declining prices stemming from a bumper cassava crop harvest would lead to corresponding declines in producer revenues. In view of the high expenditure elasticities, therefore, a policy option that would boost productivity and incomes of consumers is considered desirable. Such a policy could be one that saps off excess farm labour through maintaining and promoting investment in the food-processing s...

Professional, organisational and educational institutions have started to adopt BIM software tools and adapt their existing delivery systems to satisfy evolving market requirements. To enable individuals within these organisations to develop their BIM abilities, it is important to identify the BIM competencies that need to be learned, applied on the job, and measured for the purposes of performance improvement. Expanding upon previous research, this paper focuses on individual BIM competencies, the building blocks of organisational capability. The paper first introduces several taxonomies and conceptual models to clarify how individual competencies may be filtered, classified, and aggregated into a seed competency inventory. Competency items are then fed into a specialised knowledge engine to generate flexible assessment tools, learning modules and process workflows. Finally, the paper discusses the many benefits this competency-based approach brings to industry and academia, and ex...

This Review Paper introducing the modeling of Brushed DC motor and different PID control techniques. A brushed DC motor is commutated an internally which is electric motor designed to be run by a direct current power supply. A Brushed motors were the first commercially important application for convert electric power to driving mechanical loads, and DC power distribution systems were used for more than 100 years to operate motors in commercial and industrial Applications. A conventional brushed DC Motor consist basically two parts,first one is the stationary body of the motor called the Stator and the other one is inner part which rotates producing the movement called the Rotor or " Armature " for DC motors. For the motion control of DC motor in almost applications, PID controller is used. The PID controllers have a long history in control engineering and they have been proven to be robust, simple and stable for many real world applications. Roughly, P action is related to the present error, I action is based on the past history of error, and D action is related to the future behavior of the error. From estimation point of view P, D, and I correspond to filtering, smoothing and prediction problems respectively.This control mode is combination of the Proportional, the Integral, and the Derivative mode. This is most powerful but complex controller mode. It provides accurate and stable control of the three controller mode. It is recommended in system where the load changes frequently. The Three-term , PID controllers are probably the most widely used industrial controller. An Even complex industrial control systems may comprises a control network whose main control building block is a PID control module. The three-term PID controller has had a long history of use and has survived the changes of technology from the analogue era in to the digital computer control system age quite satisfactorily. It was the first controller to be mass produced for the high-range volume market that existed in the process industries.

In questo contributo sono descritti i principali aspetti di un articolato progetto di ricerca portato avanti dai laboratori CAILab e V-lab della Seconda Facolta di Ingegneria dell’Universita di Bologna. Il progetto, tuttora in fase di sviluppo, e basato sul rilievo tridimensionale ad alta precisione, mediante diverse tecnologie a scansione laser, di una scultura di Antonio Canova, l’Ebe conservata a Forli. Nella prima parte dell’articolo ci occuperemo della fase di rilievo, mentre nella seconda degli sviluppi applicativi. Canova’s Ebe: digital model and application developments - 1st part In this paper the main aspects of a complex research project, performed by the CAILab and V-lab laboratories of the Second Engineering Faculty of the Bologna University, are described. This project is being developed exploiting some different laser scanning technologies, with the goal to obtain a 3D survey of the sculpture called Ebe of Antonio Canova that is conserved in Forli.