Diet Quality

Based on current dietary intake recommendations and a recommendation to limit sedentary activity in preschoolers, an overall diet quality index for preschoolers (RC-DQI) incorporating a component for energy balance to measure adequacy of nutrition for growth, development, and disease prevention was developed.The newly developed index was used in nationally representative samples of 2- to 5-year-olds in the US Department of Agriculture Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994-96 and 1998 (n=5,437). Index components included added sugar, total fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids, total and whole grains, fruits, vegetables, excess fruit juice, dairy, iron, and an interaction term of total daily energy intake and sedentary behavior (television time). Points were allocated to reflect deficient or excessive intakes.Means and standard errors were used to describe food intakes and RC-DQI scores. Ability to differentiate diets was ascertained using mean intakes of food groups/nutrients followed by a nonparametric test of trends across ordered groups. Correlation coefficients measured dependence among RC-DQI components, nutrients, and overall energy intakes. Component scores of the highest and lowest quartile of RC-DQI were compared.Mean RC-DQI score was 64 points (range=28 to 93). Increasing RC-DQI scores were associated with improved diet quality. Children in the lowest RC-DQI quartile scored lower in all components.The RC-DQI successfully differentiated diets by level of diet quality. Increasing scores were associated with decreasing consumption of added sugar and juices, and increasing intakes of fiber, essential fatty acids, fruits, and vegetables. The RC-DQI can be used to determine diet quality in groups of preschool-age children.

Logic models are a practical method for systematically collecting impact data for community nutrition efforts, such as the Food Stamp Nutrition Education program. This report describes the process used to develop and test the Community Nutrition Education Logic Model and the results of a pilot study to determine whether national evaluation data could be captured without losing flexibility of programming and evaluation at the state level. The objectives were to develop an evaluation framework based on the Logic Model to include dietary quality, food safety, food security, and shopping behavior/food resource management and to develop a training mechanism for use. The portability feature of the model should allow application to a variety of community education programs.

Povzetek za Zbornik povzetkov 2. Simčičevega simpozija z naslovom Prehranski miti:

NAMEN DELA: S pomočjo pregleda literature pojasniti najpogostejše motive za prehod na vegansko prehrano v razvitih državah; ovrednotiti kakovost jedilnikov telesno dejavnih vegank, veganov, vsejedk in vsejedcev iz starostne skupine 19-30 let; ugotoviti, ali so jedilniki vegank in veganov manj skladni s priporočili za vnos esencialnih hranil kot jedilniki vsejedk in vsejedcev; ugotoviti, ali veganke in vegani v primerjavi z vsejedkami in vsejedci pogosteje uživajo stročnice, semena, oreščke, živila z dodanimi esencialnimi hranili in prehranska dopolnila; sestaviti primer enotedenskega varovalnega veganskega jedilnika, ki zadosti potrebam po vseh esencialnih hranilih in temelji na kakovostnih jedilnikih nekaterih preiskovank in preiskovancev; sestaviti praktična navodila (prehranski krožnik) za sestavljanje uravnoteženega veganskega jedilnika za odrasle. VZOREC: Za pridobivanje preiskovancev smo uporabili spletno družbeno omrežje Facebook (vzorčenje s pomočjo snežene kepe). Število preiskovancev, ki so ustrezali kriterijem in so raziskavo opravili v celoti: 48 (20 vegank, 6 veganov, 14 vsejedk in 8 vsejedcev). METODE DELA: Kratka spletna anketa z nekvantitativnim vprašalnikom o nagnjenosti k uživanju posameznih skupin živil, nenapovedana metoda dvakratnega poročanja o jedilniku prejšnjega dne, spletno orodje Odprta platforma za klinično prehrano (OPKP) in računalniški program Microsoft Office Excel. REZULTATI: Jedilniki vegank in veganov niso bili manj skladni s priporočili za vnos esencialnih hranil kot jedilniki vsejedk in vsejedcev. Pri 10 hranilih so se jedilniki vegank in veganov izkazali bolje od jedilnikov vsejedk in vsejedcev; pri 6 hranilih pa so se izkazali bolje jedilniki vsejedk in vsejedcev. Veganke in vegani so v primerjavi z vsejedkami in vsejedci bolj pogosto uživali stročnice, semena, oreščke, sadje in prehranska dopolnila. [-Vrednotenje prehrane veganov in vsejedcev s spletnim orodjem-]

OBJECTIVES: To shed light on the most frequent motives for adopting a vegan diet in developed countries (a review of literature); to evaluate the diet quality of young adult (19-30 years old) physically active Slovenian vegans and omnivores; to find out, if vegans’ chances to meet the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for essential nutrients are lower than omnivores’ chances; to find out, if vegans consume legumes, seeds, nuts, fortified foods and nutritional supplements more often than omnivores; to develop a 7-day vegan menu (based on high quality menus of some participants) that meets the DRIs for all essential nutrients and stays within limits for overconsumed nutrients; to develop a vegan plate (a nutrition plate that provides detailed guidance on adopting a well-planned vegan diet for adults). SAMPLE: We used a Facebook snowball sampling method to find enough participants. 48 participants met our inclusion criteria and fully completed the study (20 female vegans, 6 male vegans, 14 female omnivores and 8 male omnivores). METHODS: A short web survey which included a food propensity questionnaire; two unannounced 24-hour dietary recalls per participant; a web-based application Open platform for clinical nutrition (OPEN); a computer program Microsoft Office Excel. RESULTS: Vegans’ chances to meet the DRIs for essential nutrients were not lower than omnivores’ chances. Vegans’ chances to meet the DRIs were higher than omnivores’ chances for 10 nutrients and lower than omnivores’ chances for 6 nutrients. Vegans consumed legumes, seeds, nuts, fruits and nutritional supplements more often than omnivores. [-Evaluation of diet quality of vegans and omnivores with a web-based application-]

To quantify maternal perceptions regarding the quality of their child's diet, and to identify factors associated with misperceptions. A representative sample of 2287 children aged 2-5 years from a cross-sectional study (GENESIS study) was used. Maternal perceptions of the quality of their child's diet, child's and mother's anthropometric characteristics, and other characteristics (i.e. socio-demographic and lifestyle) were recorded. The actual quality of each child's diet was estimated using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score. Based on the HEI score, 18.3% of participants had a 'poor' diet, 81.5% had a diet which 'needs improvement' and only 0.2% had a 'good' diet. Almost 83% of mothers overestimated the quality of their child's diet. The overestimation rate was 86% among mothers who declared that they choose their child's food based on what they consider to be healthy, and 72% among those who reported that other factors play the...

Objective: We investigated the food consumption patterns of adolescent students at schools. Our findings are intended to reveal the overall nutritional quality of foods eaten by students at school, including foods brought to school and foods purchased at school. Methods: A questionnaire was completed by 476 students, mostly from grades 7 and 10, from 14 schools in Cape Town, South

OBJECTIVES: To shed light on the most frequent motives for adopting a vegan diet in developed countries (a review of literature); to evaluate the diet quality of young adult (19-30 years old) physically active Slovenian vegans and omnivores; to find out, if vegans’ chances to meet the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for essential nutrients are lower than omnivores’ chances; to find out, if vegans consume legumes, seeds, nuts, fortified foods and nutritional supplements more often than omnivores; to develop a 7-day vegan menu (based on high quality menus of some participants) that meets the DRIs for all essential nutrients and stays within limits for overconsumed nutrients; to develop a vegan plate (a nutrition plate that provides detailed guidance on adopting a well-planned vegan diet for adults).

SAMPLE: We used a Facebook snowball sampling method to find enough participants. 48 participants met our inclusion criteria and fully completed the study (20 female vegans, 6 male vegans, 14 female omnivores and 8 male omnivores).

METHODS: A short web survey which included a food propensity questionnaire; two unannounced 24-hour dietary recalls per participant; a web-based application Open platform for clinical nutrition (OPEN); a computer program Microsoft Office Excel.

RESULTS: Vegans’ chances to meet the DRIs for essential nutrients were not lower than omnivores’ chances. Vegans’ chances to meet the DRIs were higher than omnivores’ chances for 10 nutrients and lower than omnivores’ chances for 6 nutrients. Vegans consumed legumes, seeds, nuts, fruits and nutritional supplements more often than omnivores. [-Evaluation of diet quality of vegans and omnivores with a web-based application-]

NAMEN DELA: S pomočjo pregleda literature pojasniti najpogostejše motive za prehod na vegansko prehrano v razvitih državah; ovrednotiti kakovost jedilnikov telesno dejavnih vegank, veganov, vsejedk in vsejedcev iz starostne skupine 19-30 let; ugotoviti, ali so jedilniki vegank in veganov manj skladni s priporočili za vnos esencialnih hranil kot jedilniki vsejedk in vsejedcev; ugotoviti, ali veganke in vegani v primerjavi z vsejedkami in vsejedci pogosteje uživajo stročnice, semena, oreščke, živila z dodanimi esencialnimi hranili in prehranska dopolnila; sestaviti primer enotedenskega varovalnega veganskega jedilnika, ki zadosti potrebam po vseh esencialnih hranilih in temelji na kakovostnih jedilnikih nekaterih preiskovank in preiskovancev; sestaviti praktična navodila (prehranski krožnik) za sestavljanje uravnoteženega veganskega jedilnika za odrasle.

VZOREC: Za pridobivanje preiskovancev smo uporabili spletno družbeno omrežje Facebook (vzorčenje s pomočjo snežene kepe). Število preiskovancev, ki so ustrezali kriterijem in so raziskavo opravili v celoti: 48 (20 vegank, 6 veganov, 14 vsejedk in 8 vsejedcev).

METODE DELA: Kratka spletna anketa z nekvantitativnim vprašalnikom o nagnjenosti k uživanju posameznih skupin živil, nenapovedana metoda dvakratnega poročanja o jedilniku prejšnjega dne, spletno orodje Odprta platforma za klinično prehrano (OPKP) in računalniški program Microsoft Office Excel.

REZULTATI: Jedilniki vegank in veganov niso bili manj skladni s priporočili za vnos esencialnih hranil kot jedilniki vsejedk in vsejedcev. Pri 10 hranilih so se jedilniki vegank in veganov izkazali bolje od jedilnikov vsejedk in vsejedcev; pri 6 hranilih pa so se izkazali bolje jedilniki vsejedk in vsejedcev. Veganke in vegani so v primerjavi z vsejedkami in vsejedci bolj pogosto uživali stročnice, semena, oreščke, sadje in prehranska dopolnila. [-Vrednotenje prehrane veganov in vsejedcev s spletnim orodjem-]

Savannas worldwide are vital for both socioeconomic and biodiversity values. In these ecosystems, management decisions are based on the perception that wildlife and livestock compete for food, yet there are virtually no experimental data to support this assumption. We examined the effects of wild African ungulates on cattle performance, food intake, and diet quality. Wild ungulates depressed cattle food intake and performance during the dry season (competition) but enhanced cattle diet quality and performance during the wet season (facilitation). These results extend our understanding of the context-dependent-competition-facilitation balance, in general, and are critical for better understanding and managing wildlife-livestock coexistence in human-occupied savanna landscapes.