Diocletian

SK: Predkladaný článok je tretím v poradí z pripravovanej série pod názvom "Rímska ústava obdobia cisárstva", ktorá má za cieľ popísať rímsku ústavu a jej súčasti v období cisárstva. Tento článok podrobnejšie skúma dôvody, ktoré viedli k zmene formy ústavy, ako aj ich vplyv na túto zmenu. Následne sa článok zaoberá rímskou ústavou v období dominátu a skúma jej jednotlivé zmeny oproti ústave v období principátu. Článok sa tiež venuje, aj keď len stručne, ďalšiemu vývoju rímskej ústavy až po zánik Východorímskej ríše.
EN: The presented article is the third one from the series under the title “The Roman Constitution of the Imperial Period”, which aims at describing the Roman Constitution and its parts during the period of the Empire. This article examines in detail the reasons which led to the change of the form of the Constitution, as well as their impact to this change. Subsequently, the article deals with the Roman Constitution during the period of the Dominate and examines its individual changes comparing to the Constitution during the Principate. Furthermore, the article examines, albeit briefly, further development of the Roman Constitution till the end of the Eastern Roman Empire.

The early Christian “Acts of the Martyrs” of the 2nd century demonstrate a respectful attitude towards and obedience to the government. In the 3rd century, this attitude became more moderate. Nevertheless, martyrs still assure civil authorities in their prayer for the pagan Emperors. Only a direct conflict between the precepts of the Emperor and the commandments of God is regarded as a just cause to disobey the Emperor. Even a more explicitly loyalist attitude is incident to other kinds of Christian literature of that period.
However, at the end of the 3rd or beginning of the 4th century, a change of attitude took place. During the reign of Diocletian, but even before the start of the Great Persecution, obedience to God and obedience to the Emperor began to be counterposed. The “Acts of Martyrs” displaying a moral impossibility for some Christians to serve as Roman soldiers
emerged. Loyalty to the Emperor is replaced by the rejection of his authority. A perception of the pagan Emperor as a tyrant is forming. Such a change of attitude was possible due to the growth of the influence of Christianity. The number of Christians in the military and civil administration increased, so the rule of a Pagan Emperor ceased to seem as something inevitable. During the reign of Constantine the Great a rejection of the authority of the Pagan Emperors was a kind of homage to the first Christian ruler.

Guillaume MALINGUE, Docteur en histoire, interviendra dans mon séminaire le jeudi 29 novembre 2018. Thème de la conférence : «L’atelier de Carthage. L’exemple du monnayage de Domitius Alexander (308-310 ap. J.-C.)  ».
Vous êtes les bienvenu(e)s
Informations : antony.hostein @ ephe.sorbonne.fr & https://romanum.hypotheses.org/

The paper aims to present a Christian author Arnobius of Sicca, that is relatively not much known in our country and who lived at the turn of the 3rd and 4th century in North African Sicca. Although Arnobius’ apology Adversus nationes raises in the scholarly research still many questions and contradictions, and the author himself with his literary style, as well as with some doctrinal inconcreteness looks more like an habitual windbag than like a Christian apologist, he uncovers in his work a series of problems that can contribute to understanding the situation of Christianity just before the tolerance edict of the Emperor Constantine.
Proceeding from the testimony of ancient authors (Jerome) about Arnobius itself, and especially from the testimony of the author itself, ergo from the text of Adversus nationes, we shall try to analyze the historical influences that shaped Arnobius as author, the role and importance of the historical context in Arnobius’ argumentation, the author’s method of description and evaluation of historical events and his work with them.

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Darstellungen der Integraton von Heiden in den frühchristlichen Märtyrerlegenden aus der Zeit der Diokletians Christenverfolgung, die den Märtyrertod auf dem Gebiet der pannonischen Diözese erlitten haben.  Untersucht wird der Zeitpunkt, der Verlauf und die Art der Integration, die Stellung der zu bekehrenden Heiden, sowie ihr anschließendes Schicksal.

Anhand der Gesetzessammlungen des Diokletian, Theodosius und Iustinian wird untersucht, in welchem Ausmaß das kodifizierte Recht eine einheitliche Staatsgesinnung schaffte, und ob auch das Christentum zum Bestand des römischen Reichs als Einheit im Geist beigetragen hat. Wichtig sind dabei die Idee der Kontinuität der res publica romana, der "Romanitas"-Begriff und das klassische römische Recht für die Genese eines Zusammengehörigkeitsgefühls. Weiters wird thematisiert, ob die Untertanen die Kontrolle durch den kaiserlichen Beamtenapparat als rechtmäßig und als im Interesse des Reiches gelegen ansahen.

Con este libro, resultado de bastantes años de trabajo, se pretende ofrecer a la Romanística una visión completa de la producción jurídica de Diocleciano, que ha llegado hasta nosotros. Desde el primer momento fuimos conscientes de la dificultad que entrañaba nuestro empeño, pues basta con hojear el Código justinianeo, para observar que los rescriptos dados por este emperador, con su colega Maximiano, ocupan un espacio muy considerable en la gran mayoría de los títulos. Al concluir nuestra labor hemos podido comprobar que el número de constituciones dioclecianeas es de 1216. Sólo 9 de ellas no están recogidas en el Codex, sino en la Romanarum et Mosaicarum Legum Collatio. Por razones de economía editorial no ha sido posible incluir en este Conspectus los textos latinos, como habría sido deseable. Por ello se debe advertir al lector que la numeración corresponde a la undécima edición del Codex Justinianus de Paul Krüger (Berlín 1954). Las constituciones tomadas de la Collatio se han consultado en la base de datos B.I.A... El estilo de los rescriptos dioclecianeos es conciso, preciso y nada pomposo, muy semejante al de los juristas clásicos. En algunas ocasiones aparecen los argumentos enunciados como regulae, pero lo más frecuente es que describan el caso, dictando la solución y su fundamentación jurídica, en la más castiza tradición de los responsa… En este Conspectus se incluyen dos Edicta de Diocleciano y Maximiano, extraídos de la Collatio (Coll.6.4 y 15.3), cuya redacción responde fielmente a los patrones estilísticos de la nueva etapa: son los referentes al matrimonio y a la represión de los maniqueos…

El pasado enero de 2014, en el Almo Collegio Borromeo, tuvo lugar la undécima edición del Collegio di diritto romano, promovido y organizado por el Centro di studi e ricerche sui diritti antichi (Cedant) del IUSS de Pavia. Como en años precedentes, se trata de una experiencia significativa en el panorama internacional, ya que se selecciona a 15 becarios para asistir al curso, procedentes de diversos países y áreas de estudio. Durante el curso, los becarios han podido asistir a los seminarios desarrollados por estudiosos de reconocido prestigio en sus especialidades. El curso se ha desarrollado en tres ciclos semanales, dedicados respectivamente a diversos aspectos del periodo dioclecianeo. Tales son los títulos de los bloques: il governodelìimpero: strutture e politiche; cultura, potere e Diritto; y por último, Diritto e organizzazione giudiziaria. Para todos éstos, se preveía la intervención de los profesores:

The paper attempts to define characteristics of cities that served as principal residences of Tetrarchic emperors in contrast to other types of imperial residences during the Tetrarchy.
This presentation focusses on the imperial court as a physical entity in architectural terms. What did palaces in Tetrarchic times look like, how can they be compared to other palace buildings of Roman emperors before and after the Tetrarchy and what other buildings apart from palaces defined a Tetrarchic principal residence? To broaden the perspective, I will then proceed to examine the building activities of  Maxentius in Rome in the context of the Tetrarchic building policy.  Finally, a short Outlook will be given how Constantine combined aspects of the Tetrarchic building policy with the renewed dynastic approach of a sole ruler in his new and very own city, Constantinople.
Conference: The Ninth Celtics Conference in Classics, Panel: The Roman Imperial Court from the Antonines to the Theodosians
Date: 22-25 June 2016, UCD Dublin

Un rescripto de los Emperadores Diocleciano y Maximiano dado en Nicomedia en el año 294, recogido en Código 8.42.23, refleja una posible práctica habitual en la época postclásica, consistente en documentar por escrito una delegatio que permitiría al acreedor dirigirse a un deudor de su propio deudor, pero sin extinguir el crédito inicial, de manera que el acreedor que no pudiera cobrar del deudor cedido podría recuperar su acción inicial frente al cedente. Se plantea, por otra parte, una hipótesis sobre una posible corrupción del texto que le daría un sentido completamente diferente.

En el primer tercio del siglo IV hay tres cambios copernicanos en la cultura, la geopolítica y la religión. El tradicional y universalmente utilizado papiro fue reemplazado por el pergamino, Constantinopla sustituyó a Roma como capital del imperio, y el cristianismo pasó de ser perseguido a establecerse en el poder.

The affair of Hadrian with his favorite Antinous is one of the most famous relationships of antiquity. The Bithynian youth followed the emperor to Egypt, where he died by drowning into the Nile (130 AD). The afflicted Hadrian deified him, and founded the city of Antinopolis to celebrate his memory. Along with well-known sources such as Athenaeus or Cassius Dio, the deeds of Antinous are narrated by a third-century Greek poem, partially transmitted by P. Oxy. LXIII 4352. The anonymous text describes the last hunt of Hadrian and his favorite, evoking the death of the latter and his deification. The celebration of Antinopolis and an invocation to the emperor Diocletian conclude the composition. The aim of the present work is to examine this intriguing text. This paper analyzes how the poet structured the use of the material he gathered, trying to reconstruct the reasons lying behind his choices. The study mainly focuses on three elements: first, the interpretatio graeca of Egyptian material; second, the references to Hermopolis, i.e. the rival of Antinopolis; third, the genre of the poem. In doing so, it will take into account literary documents of the age (such as the anonymous Cosmogony of Strasbourg), as well as archeological testimonies (e.g. the obelisk of the Pincian Hill and Hadrian's roundels from Constantine's arch). This work aims at improving our knowledge of late antique poetic production. In addition, it brings to light interesting aspects of late antique Egypt, showing a dynamism and a cultural activity far more intense than commonly assumed.

This paper attempts to define characteristics of cities that served as principal residences of Tetrarchic emperors in contrast to other types of imperial residences during the Tetrarchy.  Furthermore, it will be discussed if there was a pattern within the architectural monumentalization of the principal residences. It is proposed that the specific urban layout with palaces, circuses and infrastructural buildings formed the architectural framework to establish and visualize the Tetrarchic concept of sovereignty.
The palaces with audience halls, elaborate facades and intricate entrances reflected and accentuated the increasingly transcendent role of the emperor in Late Antiquity. The spatial connection of the palace area with the circus underlined the role of the latter as a place for ritualized interaction between the sovereign and his people. At the same time the visibility of the palace from the spectator ranks of the circus symbolized the presence of the emperor, even when he was not present in person. The empire wide distribution of this concept, together with infrastructural buildings such as imperial thermae, warehouses and the extension of the city walls, illustrated the unity of the council of rulers and the merits of the Tetrarchic system. Hence, the Tetrarchic building activities in the principal residences contributed to the representation of the empire-wide authority of the Tetrarchic emperors.
Conference:  Regionalism and Integration in the Later Roman Empire (270-305), University of St. Andrews
Event Date: 15 June 2016

It was precisely 31 of March 296, when Diocletian issued his Edict demanding the Proconsul of Africa to exterminate all the Alexandrian Manichaeans, who were accused of Persian origin and recent arrival. The Roman Emperor wanted the Manichaean Primates and Auditores physically exterminated, their books burnt, and their goods confiscated. I asked Hermas why the Romans and the Persians, although very inimical one to another, desired so passionately to exterminate his co-religionists, their leaders – called the Perfects, and the adepts – called the Hearers, 'Catechoumenoi' in Greek.
First published: 31/3/2007

he work of the Christian scholar Lactantius provides an ideal lens through which to study how Rome became a Christian empire. Elizabeth DePalma Digeser shows how Lactantius' Divine Institutes—seditious in its time—responded to the emperor Diocletian's persecution and then became an important influence on Constantine the Great, Rome's first Christian emperor.
The Making of a Christian Empire is the first full-length book to interpret the Divine Institutes as a historical source. Exploring Lactantius' use of theology, philosophy, and rhetorical techniques, Digeser perceives the Divine Institutes as a sophisticated proposal for a monotheistic state that intimately connected the religious policies of Diocletian and Constantine, both of whom used religion to fortify and unite the Roman Empire. For Digeser, Lactantius' writings justify Constantine's own attitude of tolerance toward pagans and casts light upon other puzzling features of Constantine's religious policy. Her book contributes importantly to an understanding of the political and religious tensions of the early fourth century.

... Despre dominat. Post a Comment. CONTRIBUTORS: Author: Cristian Olariu. JOURNAL: Studii Clasice, XL(??), 239 - 250. YEAR: 2004. PUB TYPE: Journal Article. SUBJECT(S): Late Antiquity, terminology, Dominate, Roman history, Roman Empire. DISCIPLINE: Classics. HTTP: ...