EDS

Farmer Terms of Trade (FTT) in this study is the margin between changes (%) in prices paid by the farmers for required agricultural inputs and prices received for per units of products. Number of farmers’ suicides in Maharashtra state of the India (-0.58) and share in national figures (-0.6) is negatively associated with FTT and positively (0.76) with increasing input prices. Negative status of FTT is linked to increasing prices of agricultural inputs (-0.33) and profit is associated (0.60) with changes in prices of agricultural outputs. These, adverse economic conditions are major causes of indebtedness, deterioration of economical and social status, psychological depressions and suicides. Therefore, controlled prices of agricultural inputs and stabilized steadily growth in output prices matching to input prices are the key solutions in rescue the farmers and agriculture from its current stage.

Abused class substances use as inhalant which includes volatile solvents is endemic worldwide. Nowadays, glue sniffing is like disease to children in primary and secondary school and this problem is shown by media like a “time bomb” for our future generation. Glue is easily available and cheaper than drugs and because of that, more teenagers is using it to get ‘high’. Children who abuse glue early in life are more likely to use other illicit drugs. Later, the method of delivery is inhalation of a solvent from its container, a soaked rag, or a bag. In this study the volatile substance in glue will be determined using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy Detector (GC-MSD) with headspace method. This study proved from the results obtain that toluene is the one of the major substance this confirmed by GC-MSD with head space method. FTIR analysis of glue showed that strong absorptio...

This paper examines the relationship between Female Literacy Rate and Total Fertility rate at district level for Rajasthan using Census 2001. This paper also attempts to examine the possible impact of the educational attainment of female on their fertility behavior in Rajasthan. Further it examines male-female differential in literacy and decadal variation in female literacy in districts of Rajasthan using Provisional Totals of Census of 2001 and 2011. This study reveals that female literacy rate is inversely linearly related to Total Fertility Rate in Rajasthan. Results shows that female literacy has improved but Government need to enforce their Programmes more effectively and enrollment of Girls/Females in School & Colleges should be promoted.

A field study was conducted during spring season in 2007–08 and 2008–09 at Muzaffarnagar to evaluate the influence of nutrient and weed management practices on yield attributes, yield, quality, nutrient uptake and economics of sugarcane. Results showed that application of 125% of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) enhanced the cane yield to the tune of 15.52 and 3.60% over 75 and 100% RDF owing to remarkable improvement in cane length, cane girth, cane weight and NMC. Sucrose, available sugar and commercial cane sugar (CCS) yield were also improved by 17.3, 23.4 and 42.6% over 75% RDF while 2.73, 3.15 and 6.84% over 100% RDF, respectively under application of 25% higher RDF. The values of juice extraction and purity per cent were remained statistically unchanged under 100 and 125% RDF but significantly improved over 75% RDF. The uptake of NPK in cane, green tops, trash as well as in total produce along with net return and B:C ratio were also noticed higher under fertility enrichme...

Amoxicillin trihydrate has a short biological half life. Floating drug delivery systems of this drug were prepared with the objective of increasing overall gastric retention time in order to prolong the release. The floating tablets were prepared by using Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) polymers at different drug to polymer ratio with gas generating agents like sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. The granules were prepared by wet granulation technique using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K30dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and were compressed into tablets. Initially the granules were evaluated for characteristics like bulk density, true density, angle of repose, true density and Carr's index. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, uniformity of weight, in vitro buoyancy and in vitro drug release. The studies revealed that the optimized formulation F11 containing the drug and HPMC K4M polymer in the ratio 1:1, lactose, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid s...

Possessing gold jewellery is firmly embedded in Indian customs and traditions although little academic attention has been paid to identify the impact of celebrity advertisement in gold jewellery buying behaviour. Celebrities are the personalities that are well known in public either because of their credibility or of their attractiveness or because of both of these. To leverage this, advertisers use celebrities in their advertisement to increase the effectiveness and heighten the believability & reach of commercials to the targeted consumers. Prior to this research, many researches have proven facts that celebrity endorsement does cast its impact. This research actually moves on the same line and affirms the impact of celebrity endorsement on customers’ buying intention. The study made use of primary and secondary data. A well structured questionnaire is prepared to collect the data from the respondents. A sample of 200 customers from Ernakulam city of Kerala is collected by using s...

15 © 2003, Global Institute of Flexible Systems Management Using Discrete-Event Simulation to Create Flexibility in APAC Supply Chain Management Andrew A. Tiger, Ph. D. Assistant Professor Department of Management and Marketing 1405 N. 4th Ave. PMB 4152 Durant, OK ...

This study was conducted to assess three stakeholders’ level of involvement in coral reef conservation activities in Perhentian Island. The stakeholders participated in this study encompassed of the Besut District Department of Marine Parks (Terengganu), local entrepreneurs and tourists. A total of 200 respondents were selected to answer the survey questionnaire. The chi-square test results found a difference in the level of involvement among stakeholders with the Besut District Department of Marine Parks (Terengganu) and local entrepreneurs has the highest level of involvement, while there was low involvement with the tourists. The majority (40%) of the Besut District Department of Marine Parks (Terengganu) staff were involved in the coral reef conservation at the rate of one to three times a year. Similarly, for the entrepreneurs, the majority (44%) of them also involved in the coral reef conservation at a rate one to three times a year while the majority of tourists (72%) never i...

In ancient Greek Nano means dwarf. Nano technology is the creation of useful material, devices and systems through the manipulation of minuscule matter (including anything with at least one dimension less than 100 nanometers). The emerging field of nano technology involves scientists from many different disciplines, including physicists, chemists, engineers and biologists. On December 29, 1959” the influential American physicist Richard P. Feynman presented a talk to the American Physical Society entitled “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom: An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics. “Among physicists, this is respectfully called “The classic talk” Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials, devices, and synthesis used to manipulate matter at an incredibly small scale between 1 and 100 nm. Nanotechnology is a broad term covering the building of structures and “machines” on an atomic or molecular scale-in the range from 1 to 100 nanometres. A nanometre is one billio...

Textile processing is a growing industry that traditionally has used a lot of water, energy and harsh chemicals. Due to the ever-growing costs for water and energy worldwide investigations are carriedout to substitute conventional chemical textile processes by environment-friendly andeconomically attractive bioprocesses using enzymes.Enzymes are used in a broad range of processes in the textileindustry: scouring, bleachclean-up, desizing, denim abrasion andpolishing. The conventional scouring process involving the harsh environment is slowly being replaced with environment-friendly approach using enzymes.Enzymes are specific and fast in actionand small amountsof enzyme often savelarge amounts of raw materials, chemicals, energy and water.This work represents a review of enzyme scouring of cotton fabrics. This enzymes remove the non cellulosic impurities present in the fabric. Such a process would enhance the absorbency of the fabric without appreciable strength loss and also would h...

Development of children has been considered as an integral part of the national development. Early childhood years are the significant periods in life which are the foundation for several complex behaviours. The key to man's health lies largely in his environment. Much of man's ill health can be traced to adverse environmental factors and man is often responsible for pollution of environment. A study to assess the growth and social maturity of the toddlers in relation to housing structure an dwelling proximity to mass waste dumping site revealed that growth and social maturity were not associated but there was significant relationship of housing structure as well as dwelling proximity to mass waste dumping site with growth and social maturity. The rural toddlers exhibited better growth in comparison to urban slum toddlers with reference to national and international norms. However the urban slum dwellers seem to attain social maturity at an early age. There was no significant difference in social maturity between them except in the Self Help Dressing Skill.

Arising from the productive dialogue between systemic functional linguistics and sociology begun earlier by Michael Halliday (1995), Basil Bernstein (1990) and Ruqaiya Hasan (1999), this edited volume is concerned with the nature of knowledge. Readers familiar with Bernstein’s sociological theory will know the trajectory of his work from its early emphasis on code, through classification and framing of curriculum to his later interest in the structuring of knowledge. Throughout, his interest in the relationship between social relations and semiotic practice is evident as he attended firstly to the form taken by pedagogic discourse (the relay) and then later to the pedagogic discourse and knowledge itself (the relayed). It is the later work with which this book engages, most particularly the development of the initial categorisations of everyday and commonsense knowledge into those of vertical and horizontal discourses (Bernstein, 1999). Horizontal discourse, according to Bernstein, ...

India is one of the fastest growing economies of the world in the present scenario. The Indian construction industry has highly contributed in economic growth and development of the nation. In India construction industry is the second largest economic activity after agriculture.The topic “Implementation and Benefits of NEC3 Contract on Construction Industry” is chosen for the research topic because of its relevance and benefits for the construction industry. The research topic would help to identify various key issues and concerns in Indian construction industry. The study for this paper has been carried out in two primary ways; firstly a literature review was carried out to give a deeper understanding of the topic and the nature of the problem (theoretical) and secondly interviews through sample questionnaire took place with those within the industry (practical) to give a more real world view of the issues at hand. The results of the study conclude that the NEC3 is a departure from...

Social transformation and ethnicity are interwoven. While ethnic representation acts as a catalyst in social transformation process, social transformation on the other hand can restructure the very catalytic character of ethnicity. Again, in ethnicity politics the dominant culture is prone toward objectification of the Other, forcing it into identity traps that confirm the dominant culture's sense of superiority. Or the marginalized culture in reverse develops its pattern to justify an ‘indigenous own‘ which is actually a reflection and positioning of parallels to the dominant culture. Tribal people in most of the forums have always been identified and tagged as ‘savage‘ and ‘uncultured‘ among all ethnic groups in India, junglee ( staying in remote forests), always free from lifestyle diseases, heavy drinkers and so on. While politics of development about dalits largely revolves around Schedule Castes, Schedule Tribes have long been lacking in their representation. In recent tim...

A field experiment was conducted during June–December of 2009 and 2010 at Bamra, Sambalpur, Odisha, to study the effects of weed-management methods on the weeds of sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine ex Engelm.) nursery and their effect on the growth of sisal plants in nursery and also on soil microbes. The dominant grass weeds were Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) P. Beauv., and Digitaria sangunalis (L.) Scop. The important broad-leaf weeds were Solanum nigrum L., Amaranthus spinosus L., Physalis minima L. and Phyllanthus niruri L. The only sedge weed was Cyperus rotundus L. in the experimental plots. At 15 days after planting (DAP), the highest weed-control efficiency (WCE) of 89.2% was recorded with smetolachlor and at 30 DAP, the highest WCE was obtained from manual weeding (90–93%), followed by smetolachlor (87.1%). However, at 45 DAP and beyond only 2 manual weeding showed the highest WEC of 92.3 (45 DAP) and 71.8% (60 DAP). Ha...

The main objective of this study was to assess the informal sector and its contribution to the Tanzanian economy having Arusha municipality as the case study. The study attempted to find out the level of contribution the informal sector is making to the economy by looking at a number of factors, which were entrepreneurial skills, capital, production technique, and legal status. The study employed mainly qualitative approach in data collection and analysis after which the researcher identified a number of factors that affect contribution of informal sector to the economy. They included lack of permanent centers for doing business, lack of entrepreneurial skills, absence of market, market pressure resulting to low commodity prices, too high taxes established as well as unstable weather conditions. It also went further into suggesting the possible recommendations/policies to the government and policy makers in order to improve the current situation that included provision of entreprene...

All around the world people are mobilizing to bring better health conditions and health care—so that they can have a fighting chance to raise families, grow communities, find meaningful work, and contribute to society. But often people take health for granted and do not fully ...

This paper reports on a baseline study on the level of awareness and practices of solid waste management in Chinhoyi urban. The study was motivated by the high levels of solid waste in the Chinhoyi urban community. The study collected data through questionnaires and interviews from a random sample of 315 residents. Findings show that the majority of people in the Chinhoyi urban community did not take solid waste disposal as their responsibility but that of the municipality. Hence they were not doing much to help the situation. Some communities had a negative attitude towards the whole concept while a few were very supportive and willing to engage in activities that promote behaviour change on solid waste disposal.

In India, among the nutrients, NPK remain the major ones for increased and sustained productivity. However, the development of high yielding systems will likely exacerbate the problem of secondary and micronutrient deficiencies, not only because larger amounts are removed, but also because the application of large amounts of N, P and K to achieve higher yield targets. As a result in the intensive systems there is every possibility to build up of negative balance and deficiency of secondary and micronutrients. To attain high future targets, balanced fertilization, site-specific nutrient management and customized fertilizers will play a very important role. The development of site and crop specific readymade customized fertilizers based on scientific principles may prove to be more effective to meet the plant requirement and enhance nutrient use efficiency. Such an approach is also likely to boost crop yields and arrest soil fertility decline in a long-run. Thus, the present article f...