Eco Industrial Park

In the race against climate change, aiming for low-carbon competitiveness, Flanders has initiated a carbon neutrality strategy on industrial parks, building towards energy efficient buildings and processes, acting as a stimulus for the production and consumption of green electricity. However, premises and internal process optimisation on industrial parks is not considered sufficient to limit greenhouse emissions in Flanders. Structural transition is called for, aiming for industrial clustering and energy autonomy based on renewables. Therefore, the concept of industrial symbiosis is analysed to determine how it could improve the energy-related carbon management on industrial parks. This article explores the literature on industrial symbiosis and eco-industrial parks searching for specific energy strategies, and is illustrated with case studies. Energy management on industrial parks can be integrated in the entire development process and park management. Maximising efficiency is a promising local optimisation issue, in which business should be engaged, stimulated and facilitated. By clustering buildings and processes, by energy exchange, collective production and joint contracting of energy services, local synergies can be intensified. Yet, uncertainty and variability in time of energy consumption can keep developers from tailoring industrial park design and utilities. Instead flexibility and solidity could be gained, and the offer of business space could be diversified, supported by a persevering issuing procedure to join similar and matching energy profiles. Energy management on industrial parks in Flanders has only recently started but is expected to gain professionalism. However further research is needed on this flexible design and thermal planning.

The eco-industrial park (EIP) concept provides a framework in which several plants can cooperate with each other and exchange their wastewater to minimize total freshwater consumption. Emergy analysis is a methodology that considers the total, cumulative energy which has been consumed within a system; thus, by minimizing emergy, an environmentally optimal EIP can be designed. This article presents a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for minimizing emergy of an interplant water network in an EIP. The methodology accounts for the environmental impacts of water use, energy consumption, and capital goods within the EIP in a balanced manner. The proposed technique is then demonstrated by solving a case study from literature.