Electrical Power Systems,renewable Energy Sources, Applied Superconductivity

The control and operation of electronic systems
relies and depends on the availability of  the  power supply.
Rechargeable batteries have been more pervasively used as
the energy storage and power source for various electrical and electronic systems and devices, such as communication
systems, electronic devices, renewable power systems, electric vehicles, etc. However, the rechargeable batteries are
subjected to the availability of the external power source when it is drained out. Because of the concern of battery life,
environmental pollution and a possible energy crisis, the
renewable solar energy has received an increasing attention
in recent years. A fuzzy logic control based grid tied
uninterruptible power supply integrating renewable solar
energy can be used for electrical and electronic systems to
produce power generation. This paper presents the design and implementation of fuzzy logic control based grid tied
uninterruptible power supply integrating the renewable  solar power energy system. The uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system is characterized by the rechargeable battery that is connected  with  the Photovoltaic Panel through the DC/DC converter,  the  utility AC through the AC/DC  converter  and the load is connected through the DC/AC converter. The whole operation is controlled by the fuzzy logic algorithm. A complete hardware prototype system model of the fuzzy logic control based  on the  grid tied uninterruptible power supply integrating with the  renewable solar energy is designed and implemented. The operation and effectiveness of the proposed system is  then  demonstrated by  the  actual and  real-time implementation of  the  fuzzy logic control grid tied operation 
uninterruptible power supply integrating renewable  solar
energy connected to the rechargeable battery bank and a PIC
microcontroller platform for fuzzy logic control and operation.

BaCe0.9Eu0.1O2.95 (BCE) nanopowder was synthesized by citric-nitric autocombustion method. Rietveld refinement analysis showed that unit cell volume was slightly larger compared with the most known BaCe0.9Y0.1O2.95, which might contribute to higher proton mobility. Sinterability of BaCeO3 is also enhanced by doping with Eu, since dense single-phased BCE electrolyte microstructure comprising of 1–2 μm grains was obtained after sintering at 1450 °C for 5 h. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis revealed separate bulk and grain boundary contributions to the total electrolyte conductivity below 200 °C. The grain boundary conductivity was one to two orders of magnitude lower than the bulk conductivity, indicating blocking effect of the grain boundaries to the mobility of charge carriers. This effect diminished completely above 500 °C and only total conductivities were determined between 500 and 700 °C. Conductivity of BCE in a wet hydrogen atmosphere at 600 °C reached 1.2 × 10−2 S/cm, which can be considered as one of the highest conductivities among BaCeO3 based proton conductors.

In this study, a theoretical analysis of a solar field augmented by a fixed reflector placed in the front between the top of the preceding row and the bottom of the succeeding row is presented. An analytical model has been developed and used to estimate the solar irradiation. The analytical model is based on the anisotropic sky model, assuming an infinite length of collector and reflector rows. A simulation has been carried out in order to figure out the behavior of the solar field and to find the optimum design parameters of the solar field leading to a maximum solar energy augmentation. The results obtained are depicted synoptically as a relationship between the solar field design parameters and the latitude angle, and this presentation enables us to determine the optimum design parameters in order to achieve the intended percentage improvement of solar radiation incident on the solar field rows at any location on the Northern hemisphere, which presents the novelty of this research. Also we have introduced a new parameter named " the effective height of the collector " , which presents the portion of the collector's height illuminated by the reflector. This parameter is very important especially in case of PV solar fields, because it determines the domain of the concentrated solar energy over the surface of the PV panel.

Multilevel inverters have
become more popular over the years in
high power electric applications without
use of a transformer and with promise
of less disturbance and reduced
harmonic distortion. This work
proposes three phase Seven level Diode
Clamped Multilevel Inverter (DCMLI)
to simulate various modulating
techniques for induction motor load.
These Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
techniques include Carrier Overlapping
(CO) strategy, Variable Frequency (VF)
strategy, Phase Shift (PSPWM) strategy
and Sub-Harmonic Pulse Width
Modulation (SHPWM) i.e. Phase
Disposition (PD) strategy, Phase
Opposition Disposition (POD) strategy
and Alternate Phase Opposition
Disposition (APOD) strategy. The Total
Harmonic Distortion (THD), VRMS
(fundamental), crest factor, form factor
and distortion factor are evaluated for
various modulation indices. Simulation
is performed using MATLABSIMULINK.

A three-dimensional micro-supercapacitor has been developed using a novel bottom-up assembly method combining genetically modified Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-1Cys), photolithographically defined micropillars and selective deposition of ruthenium oxide on multi-metallic microelectrodes. The three- dimensional microelectrodes consist of a titanium nitride current collector with two functionalized areas: (1) gold coating on the active electrode area promotes TMV-1Cys adhesion, and (2) sacrificial nickel pads dissolve in ruthenium tetroxide plating solution to produce ruthenium oxide on all elec- trically connected areas. The microfabricated electrodes are arranged in an interdigitated pattern, and the capacitance per electrode has been measured as high as 203 mF cm 2 with solid Nafion electrolyte. The process integration of bio-templated ruthenium oxide with microfabricated electrodes and solid elec- trolyte is an important advance towards the energy storage needs of mass produced self-sufficient micro- devices.

Off-the-shelf room-temperature superconducting electronics are unavailable today because all superconductors that were discovered in the last century required cold temperature to work, and were made of scarce exotic materials that were often very expensive and difficult to process. These problems come now to an end with recent breakthrough in stable room-temperature superconductivity. As more similar breakthroughs await disclosures, this article gears up governments, businesses and general public for the dawning of super-electronics and their implications to our daily lives as a commercially-viable groundbreaking technology. Not only that recent and first-time stable breakthrough is vibration-induced and passed all superconductivity tests at room-temperature, it eliminated the century-old commercialization impediments by use of readily available, affordable and easily processed materials, components and techniques. These commercial attractiveness inform a practical expectation that new generation electronics including smart televisions, mobile phones, laptops and cameras will be of superconducting technologies 'within' next two decades. Room-temperature superconducting electrical appliances will self-generate and permanently self-sustain their own electricity without batteries, wireless and wired plug-ins. Cost of electricity for operating quantum computers will be cheap. Today's electricity consumption and billing methods will become obsolete.