Ethniticity

В данной статье рассматриваются этнонимы, связанные с жителями Великобритании с учетом стереотипных национально-культурных ценностей. Образ британца представлен во многих этнонимах, как живущий в туманном климате, любящий ростбиф и пьющий много чая со сдобными пышками. Также не обошли стороной исторические события, такие как, революции, войны, колониальный период. Расслоение общества на низшие, средние и высшие слои также отразились на этнонимах. Военная и морская тематика также присутствует в элементах этнонимов. Отношение других наций к англичанам выражено в основном этнонимами, созданными французами, ирландцами, африканцами и австралийцами. Таким образом, формирование английских этнонимов связано с отношениями англичан с другими народами, в основном, как доминирующая нация, являясь результатом колонизации, социальное положение в обществе, привычки и традиции, климатические условия, военно-морской флот и слабый генофонд.

Aft er the 2010 intercommunal violence in Kyrgyzstan, women in the city of Osh were exposed to many difficulties. Conflict eroded people's contentment, and satisfactory living conditions were supplanted by increased challenges-such as deteriorating health and education systems, declining communication and economic opportunities, and the loss of property. Men's deaths during the conflict and the increased labor migration of men aft er the conflict also resulted in increased numbers of single mothers. Th is article presents trends among women, examines their coping mechanisms, and explores the well-being of single mothers by considering what makes women's lives meaningful in a postconflict situation. Intracommunal violence broke out in mid-June 2010 in the city of Osh in southern Kyrgyzstan. During the conflict, hundreds of ethnic Uzbeks and Kyrgyz were killed. Conflict eroded people's contentment, and satisfactory living conditions were supplanted by increased challenges-such as deteriorating health and education systems, declining communication and economic opportunities , and the loss of property. Although men died in higher numbers than women during the brief conflict, the long-term effects on well-being might well be expected to be harsher for girls and women. Like their counterparts in other postconflict situations, girls and women in Osh suffer from gender-specific forms of psychological , emotional, and financial vulnerabilities (e.g., Coomaraswamy 1999; Newbury and Bald-win 2000; Weitsman 2008). In communities still strongly marked by patrilineal and patrilocal kinship practices, the sudden loss of close male relatives rendered girls and women insecure and vulnerable in their social relations and reputations in ways that have been difficult for aid and development programs to effectively address. Rape increased during and immediately aft er the conflict; fear of rape spurred the rapid organization of marriages for girls as young as fifteen; and domestic violence and conflict spiraled, especially in prematurely organized marriages (Ismailbekova 2013). Men's deaths during the conflict and the increased labor migration of men aft er the conflict also resulted in increased numbers of single mothers and female-headed households. Even women who had been single before the conflict because of their husbands' prolonged absence, earlier