Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA)

Conclusion: After 2% EDTA chelation treatment, post-operative logMAR best corrected visual acuity improved significantly.

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A method has been developed in which the concentrations of insulin in dried blood spots on filter paper can be estimated. The technique involves elution of blood from the paper, evaporation, and rehydration in assay buffer. The resuspended samples are then assayed by radioimmunoassay. The ratio of control plasma to control dried blood spot insulin values is used as a conversion factor for unknown samples on paper to express the dried blood spot insulin concentration in plasma equivalents. Intra-assay variability was 14%, and interassay variability was 25%, but the elution conversion factor had a variability of about 40% among individuals. This technique has substantial advantages for field studies, but elevated values should be confirmed by a venous plasma sample measurement in a conventional radioimmunoassay.

The technique of diffusive gradients in thin films or diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) has been used in this work for the in situ measurement of labile Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species. Direct measurement of Cr(VI) was also carried out in parallel with a field-based colourimetric technique based on the EPA 7196 diphenyl-carbohydrazide (DPC) method. The efficiency of the DGT and DPC methods were tested (a) in the laboratory, using synthetic solutions in the presence of realistic concentrations of Cr, humic substances (HS), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and (b) in the field, in river water affected by effluents discharged by the tannery industry. The main advantage of the DGT method is that it allows the in situ separation of labile species of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), though there are still uncertainties about its performance in field conditions. The DPC method proved to be a fast, accurate, and relatively economical option for the field-based determination of Cr(VI). Sample ...

To study internal structure in the pathology of cochlea many research groups often used methods of decalcifications. There are several means of decalcifications, especially we used ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) liquid to enhance the image of cochlea of mouse using optical coherence tomography (OCT). But analysis of decalcifications of EDTA liquid to image of cochlea of mouse using OCT has a little research. So, here we show the specific information of decalcifications of EDTA liquid in internal imaging of cochlea of mouse using method of image processing. In this study, the decalcification of cochlea of mouse has the best effects when soaking in EDTA for 7 days.

The development of an amperometric biosensor for the reduced glutathione determination in serum is described. The biosensor is based on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, EC 1.11.1.9) immobilized onto a pyrolytic graphite-working electrode using carbodiimide as enzymatic condensing reagent. This resulted in an amperometric biosensor with good sensitivity and stability. The reduced glutathione (GSH) was enzymatically converted to glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in the presence of hydroperoxide, which was monitored amperometrically by its electrooxidation at +0.65 V vs. SCE (saturated calomel electrode). Glutathione measurement was carried out by maintaining the ratio between GSH and hydrogen peroxide at 2:1 (25 degrees C). The amperometric response of the biosensor was linearly proportional to the GSH concentration between 1.9x10(-5) and 1.4x10(-4) mol/l, in 0.1 mol/l phosphate buffer (pH=7.8), containing 0.1 mol/l KCl and 0.5 mmol/l Na(2)H(2)EDTA, as the supporting electrolyte. In presence of interfering compounds, the recoveries ranged between 97.2% and 110.7%. The biosensor useful lifetime was at least 2 months when it was evaluated after continuous use. Serum samples analyzed by this biosensor showed a good correlation with the results from the spectrophotometric method (Ellman's reagent) used as reference, presenting relative deviations lower than 7.0%. The low apparent Michaelis-Menten constant value, K(M)(app)=1.6 mmol/l, demonstrated that GSH-Px immobilized on pyrolytic graphite exhibited a high affinity to GSH, without loss of enzymatic activity.

Waste streams generated by electroless copper plating in the printed circuit boards manufacturing industry often contain copper complexed by strong chelating agents such as EDTA. The consequence of metal complexation by chelating agents is that alternative treatment to chemical precipitation is often necessary to achieve the low metal concentrations required by increasingly stringent environmental regulations. This paper examines the feasibility of using activated carbon to remove EDTA-chelated copper(II) species as well as free copper(II) ions from aqueous solution. The adsorption characteristics of copper(II) and EDTA-chelated copper(II) on two granular activated carbons prepared from coal and coconut shell were evaluated. Adsorption equilibrium data of copper(II) on the two carbons corresponded well to the Langmuir model. The coconut shell-based carbon exhibited a greater adsorption capacity for copper(II) than the coal-based carbon under similar experimental conditions. Solution pH had a considerable influence on copper(II) adsorption by the two carbons. Low adsorption levels of copper(II) at pH 3 and high adsorption levels in the pH range of 4-6 were observed. However, a reverse adsorption trend was observed when the chelating agent EDTA was added to the copper(II) solution. Adsorption of EDTA-chelated copper(II) by the two carbons was higher at pH 3 than at pH 6. The contrasting adsorption behaviour of copper(II) ions and EDTA-chelated copper(II) species can be readily explained in terms of electrostatic interaction in that solution pH influences the surface charge of the carbons as well as the charge property of copper(II) ions and EDTA-chelated copper(II) species. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry. Waste streams generated by electroless copper plating in the printed circuit boards manufacturing industry often contain copper complexed by strong chelating agents such as EDTA. The consequence of metal complexation by chelating agents is that alternative treatment to chemical precipitation is often necessary to achieve the low metal concentrations required by increasingly stringent environmental regulations. This paper examines the feasibility of using activated carbon to remove EDTA-chelated copper(II) species as well as free copper(II) ions from aqueous solution. The adsorption characteristics of copper(II) and EDTA-chelated copper(II) on two granular activated carbons prepared from coal and coconut shell were evaluated. Adsorption equilibrium data of copper(II) on the two carbons corresponded well to the Langmuir model. The coconut shell-based carbon exhibited a greater adsorption capacity for copper(II) than the coal-based carbon under similar experimental conditions. Solution pH had a considerable influence on copper(II) adsorption by the two carbons. Low adsorption levels of copper(II) at pH 3 and high adsorption levels in the pH range of 4-6 were observed. However, a reverse adsorption trend was observed when the chelating agent EDTA was added to the copper solution. Adsorption of EDTA-chelated copper(II) by the two carbons was higher at pH 3 than at pH 6. The contrasting adsorption behaviour of copper(II) ions and EDTA-chelated copper(II) species can be readily explained in terms of electrostatic interaction in that solution pH influences the surface charge of the carbons as well as the charge property of copper(II) ions and EDTA-chelated copper(II) species.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1097-4660%28200011%2975:11%3C1054::AID-JCTB315%3E3.0.CO;2-T/full

Pepsinogen from the stomach of smooth hound (Mustelus mustelus) was purified to homogeneity by 20–70% ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose anion exchange chromatography with a 9.4-fold increase in specific ...

The overall and single-kidney clearance in children with acute urinary tract infection was investigated retrospectively using the combination of the relative 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) uptake and the 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid clearance. There were 180 patients with both normal kidneys, 56 with clear unilateral abnormalities on DMSA scintigraphy and 11 with two abnormal kidneys. Half of the patients were younger than 2 y, and because of the progressive maturation of the renal function, they were not considered in the analysis of the absolute overall and single-kidney clearance; nevertheless, they were included in the analysis of the relative DMSA percentage uptake. When only one kidney was affected on DMSA scintigraphy, the clearance of the affected kidney was lower than on the normal side and often abnormally low. In these unilaterally affected kidneys, contralateral compensation mechanisms tended to occur, resulting in preservation of overall clearance. This co...

Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) are potentially one of the key players in tissue engineering due to their easy availability. The aim of the present study was to develop an optimal isolation and transportation technique, as well as to determine the immunophenotype and epithelial gene expression of hAECs. Amnion was mechanically peeled off from the chorion and digested with trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The isolated hAECs were cultured in medium containing 10 ng/mL epidermal growth factor until P4. The epithelial gene expression, cell surface antigen and protein expression of hAECs were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. hAECs were also cultured in adipogenic, osteogenic and neurogenic induction media. The best cell yield of hAECs was seen in the digestion of 15 pieces of amnion (2 × 2 cm) and isolated 30 min after digestion with trypsin. F12:Dulbecco's modified eagle medium was the best medium for short term storage at 4 °C. hAECs expressed CD9, CD44, CD73 and CD90, and negligibly expressed CD31, CD34, CD45 and CD117. After serial passage, CK3, CK19 and involucrin gene expressions were upregulated, while p63, CK1 and CK14 gene expressions were downregulated. Sustained gene expressions of integrin β1 and CK18 were observed. At initial culture, these cells might have stem-like properties. However, they differentiated after serial passage. Nonetheless, hAECs have epithelial stem cell characteristics and have the potential to differentiate into corneal epithelial cells. Further investigations are still needed to elucidate the mechanism of differentiation involved and to optimize the culture condition for long term in vitro culture.

To investigate the effect of amended substrates on cadmium uptake by one-year old poplar rooted cuttings a pot culture was carried out. Pots were filled with three substrates. Four treatments of Cd supply including were organized. The results showed that higher biomass productions in substrates A and B compare to substrate C, led to an increase total Cd uptake two times more than that in substrate C, at 150 mg kg-1 concentration. Meanwhile maximum total uptake occurred in substrate B at 100 mg kg-1 concentration. Using synthetic chelators such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in order to achieve high removal rate led to increased environmental impacts while they are not expected when such environmental friendly approaches are applied.

The use of calcium-depleting solutions in restorative dentistry results in demineralization of intact coronal dentin beneath smear layers. Likewise, application of calcium-depleting irrigants as final rinses might create demineralized collagen matrices in intact radicular dentin after removal of root canal wall smear layers created during canal shaping. These unsupported collagen matrices collapse on desiccation and might be difficult to detect in scanning electron microscopy dehydration techniques traditionally used in endodontic research. Demineralized collagen matrices were identified, by using a hexamethyldisilazane dehydration protocol, on the surface of smear layer-depleted radicular dentin when NaOCl was used as initial rinse, followed by the use of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or BioPure MTAD as the final rinse. Compaction of conventional root filling materials over a demineralized collagen matrix in instrumented dentin is analogous to performing the same procedure ag...