Substrate

800 | P a g e 3 0 M a y 2 0 1 5 w w w. g j a r. o r g ABSTRACT The need to recycle organic agricultural and urban wastes is not just for environmental issues but also for economical and sustainable advantages. The current studies were conducted during winter and summer seasons on lettuce and egg plant respectively of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Dokki, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza governorate, Egypt. The main objectives were investigating the ability of use rice straw and vermicompost as a substrate instead of peat moss or perlite in substrate culture and to determine the effect of treatments on vegetative growth, nutrients content (nitrogen, phosphors, potassium), as well as total yield of lettuce and egg plant. Different sizes of chopped rice straw (8-10, 6-8, 4-6 and less than 2 mm) combined with three vermicompost levels (5%,10% and 15% v/v) were applied in horizontal bags of substrate culture. Lettuce plant (Lactuca ...

The need to recycle organic agricultural and urban wastes is not just for environmental issues but also for economical and sustainable advantages. The current studies were conducted during winter and summer seasons on lettuce and egg plant respectively of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Dokki, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza governorate, Egypt. The main objectives were investigating the ability of use rice straw and vermicompost as a substrate instead of peat moss or perlite in substrate culture and to determine the effect of treatments on vegetative growth, nutrients content (nitrogen, phosphors, potassium), as well as total yield of lettuce and egg plant. Different sizes of chopped rice straw (8-10, 6-8, 4-6 and less than 2 mm) combined with three vermicompost levels (5%,10% and 15% v/v) were applied in horizontal bags of substrate culture. Lettuce plant (Lactuca sativa L.) iceberg was transplanted in October and eggplant (So...

The article considers the personality and research activity of Aleksandr Konstantinovich Matveev (1926-2010), an outstanding Russian linguist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and professor of Ural State University (presently, Ural Federal University). Specializing in the study of proper names (onomatology), Professor Matveev argued that the class of geographical names was crucial for the reconstruction of ethno-historical data on the former distribution of tribes and peoples in the vast territories of present-day Russia. Among his achievements is the development of principles and methods of onomastic research based on field material collected by means of frontal survey. With the view of collecting linguistic material, A. K. Matveev established the Toponymic Expedition of Ural University that explored a number of northern regions of European Russia as well as the Northern and Middle Urals. During a 50-year period, the expedition collected millions on onomastic and lexical units. The unique card files stored at the department established by him at Ural Federal University are used as a basis for theses and other research as well as dictionaries, and they are used to correct cartographic data. The central issue of the scholar's research was that of substrate in Russian toponymy. Together with his acolytes and colleagues, he searched for Finno-Ugric (Chud) and Merya language heritage in the Russian North, and Mansi loan words in the Northern Urals. The research material was analyzed with the help of a complex of methods (i. e. interlingual phonetic and other comparisons, the linguo-geographic method of cartographing and comparisons with data provided by related disciplines). Professor Matveev’s findings and the findings of the Ural Toponymic Research School appear in onomastic and lexical dictionaries. The final conclusions of their toponymic research go far beyond linguistics and have a historico-ethnic character. Professor Matveev is an eminent figure who evokes the memories of world-famous linguists-travellers of the past. He combines the audacity of a discoverer, the rigor of a scholar-including excellent organizing skills-the spirit of a zealous protector of his homeland’s spiritual culture and the talent of a teacher. People were drawn to him by his vast erudition and versatile interests, and his humaneness combined with devotion to his research interests. A. K. Matveev’s Research School and the Toponymic Expedition continue their intensive work until the present day.
Описывается личность и научная деятельность выдающегося русского лингвиста, члена-корреспондента Российской академии наук, профессора Уральского государственного университета (ныне УрФУ) Александра Константиновича Матвеева (1926-2010). Его научные интересы были сосредоточены на изучении собственных имен (ономатологии), в области которых профессор Матвеев поставил на особую высоту класс географических названий по их значимости для восстановления этноисторических сведений о былом расселении племен и народов на обширных территориях современной России. В его заслуги входит разработка принципов и методов ономастического исследования на основе полевого фронтально собранного материала. Для сбора языкового материала А. К. Матвеевым была организована Топонимическая экспедиция Уральского университета, обследовавшая целый ряд областей севера европейской части России, а также Северного и Среднего Урала и за пятьдесят с лишним лет накопившая миллионы фиксаций ономастических и лексических единиц. Уникальные картотеки экспедиции, хранящиеся на созданной им кафедре в Уральском федеральном университете, служат основой диссертационных и других научных исследований, словарей, корректировки картографических данных. Центральной для ученого являлась проблема субстрата в русской топонимии. Вместе с учениками и коллегами он искал финно-угорское (чудское) и мерянское языковое наследие на Русском Севере, мансийские заимствования - на Северном Урале. Материал исследования изучался комплексно (применялись межъязыковые фонетические и прочие сопоставления, лингвогеографический метод картографирования, сопоставление с данными смежных наук). Результаты работы А. К. Матвеева и основанной им Уральской топонимической научной школы отражены в ономастических и лексических словарях. Конечные же научные выводы топонимических изысканий выходят за пределы лингвистики и носят историко-этнический характер. Профессор Матвеев - яркая личность, заставляющая вспомнить о всемирно известных лингвистах-путешественниках прошлого. В нем соединены дерзость первооткрывателя, скрупулезность кабинетного ученого, организационные способности, совесть ревнителя отечественной духовной культуры, педагогический талант. Широчайшая эрудиция, разносторонние интересы, человечность при поглощенности своим основным делом привлекали к нему людей. Научная школа А. К. Матвеева и Топонимическая экспедиция продолжают активную деятельность.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different mixtures of organic and inorganic local and imported materials on vegetative growth and yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) grown in pot culture, in summer during 2006 and 2007 seasons, at the Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, Agricultural Research Center,Dokki, Giza Governorate. The organic and inorganic materials used in this study were peatmoss:perlite (1:1 V/V) (A), sand: peanut crushed husk (3:1V/V) (B), and sand: rice hull (3:1 V/V) (C). Four different manure rates were added to different mixtures (0 (control), 2, 4 and 6 % volume of the final mix). Plant height, number of leaf per plant, dry matter per plant (g) was investigated. In general, the best vegetative growth and yield of pepper and eggplant were obtained from media mixture (A). There were significant differences between manure levels and vegetative growth and yield of pepper and eggplant. The best treatment was media mixture (A), with
% manure level, while the lowest vegetative growth and yield were obtained by media mixtures (B) and (C), with control manure treatment during the two tested seasons. These results suggested that local media can be used, instead of imported media, with using rabbit manure to enhance plant growth and
productivity.

The leaf essential oils of Cistus monspeliensis plants growing wild on calcareous and siliceous soils in Provence (South of France) were analysed by GC and GC-MS. Qualitative and quantitative differences are noted in the essential oil composition between the Cistus populations from the two soil types. For chemotaxonomic purposes, a characterisation of the two types of oil is proposed.

Anaerobic digestion is a technique of treatment and valorization of various organic wastes with several advantages: reduction of environmental harmful effects, production of biogas and organic fertilizer. The present work is an experimental study of the co-digestion of mixture of several organic wastes by using 6 units of metallic digesters. It follows from experimentation results that the amount of produced biogas changes with pH of the co-substrate and the digester temperature. Comparison of the amounts of produced biogas from all digesters allows us inferring that the zebu manure and rice straw mixture substrate is the best one. By means of experimental data curve fitting, a model predicting the amount of produced biogas was suggested as a function of the temperature and pH of the co-substrate. The goodness of the fit was statistically highlighted by computing the coefficient of determination.

Посмертная публикация не законченного А. К. Матвеевым
исследования дорусских географических названий Европейской
России – субстратной топонимии мерянского типа. Подготовлена
к печати по материалам личного архива автора. Книга является
четвертой частью монографии А. К. Матвеева «Субстратная топонимия Русского Севера» (первые три части опубликованы в 2001–2007 гг.).
Издание включает в себя этимологический анализ
предположительно мерянских географических детерминантов
и топооснов в субстратной топонимии исторических мерянских земель, карты с ареалами их распространения, теоретический очерк мерянской проблемы в контексте проблем происхождения субстратных  географических названий Русского Севера, некоторые наблюдения о происхождении мери и мерянского языка.

Archaism, Relic Islands and Continuity (II) Abstract
This is the second part of the text “Archaism, relic islands and continuity”, discussing the importance of areal factors for historical linguistics by using the results of etymological and areal linguistic research. In this part the Dacian substrata words are analyzed from an areal point of view. We comment on the semantic and the areal features of autochthonous elements and the general characteristics of lexical elements of autochthon origin, followed by the complete bibliography for parts 1 and 2.
Cuvinte cheie: etimologie, geolingvistică, substrat, teoria continuităţii, limba română.
Key words: etymology, areal linguistics, substratum, Theory of Continuity, Rumanian language.

free download: http://doi.org/10.1163/22125892-00701007

Tocharian agglutinative case inflexion as well as its single series of voiceless stops, the two most striking typological deviations from Proto-Indo-European, can be explained through influence from Uralic. A number of other typological features of Tocharian may likewise be interpreted as due to contact with a Uralic language. The supposed contacts are likely to be associated with the Afanas'evo Culture of South Siberia. This Indo-European culture probably represents an intermediate phase in the movement of speakers of early Tocharian from the Proto-Indo-European homeland in the Eastern European steppe to the Tarim Basin in Northwest China. At the same time, the Proto-Samoyedic homeland must have been in or close to the Afanas'evo area. A close match between the Pre-Proto-Tocharian and Pre-Proto-Samoyedic vowel systems is a strong indication that the Uralic contact language was an early form of Samoyedic.

THE SUBSTRATE (AUTOCHTHONOUS) ELEMENTS OF THE ROMANIAN LANGUAGE – Compendium – (Abstract)

I discuss in this compedium a large number of the etymological solutions for the Romanian words more or less accepted as substrate elements. These words are included in four separated lists, according to their most likely origin. The list a. is composed of the presumed pre-Roman words, selected either by comparison with Albanian, or by a wider comparison including other languages of the Indo-European family. The list b. reflects the results of the Vulgar Latin-Daco-Moesian bilingualism. The list c. includes a number of words of onomatopoeic or expressive origin. Most of them are presumed to be autochthonous words, but without having the assurance they may or not be substrate elements. The list d. reflects my opinion about some words assigned by different authors to the substrate vocabulary, that actually have other origins (most of them being likely inherited from Vulgar Latin).  For each discussed word I quoted briefly almost all the proposed etymologies, specifying their authors and reference works. My own etymologies are highlighted by the entry words written in italics.

The interpretation of “Tartessian”, the SW Iberian inscriptions, by John Koch as the earliest form of Celtic raises the possibility that nearby Phoenician, spoken in Phoenician trading posts in Iberia, such as Gadir (modern Cádiz), might have been the oft-mooted Hamito-Semitic substrate said to account for a number of non-Indo-European traits found in Insular Celtic. However, Tartessian-as-Celtic has not gained traction among Celticists. Furthermore, apart from the difficulty of explaining how a Semiticized Celtic Tartessian might have been transmitted from SW Iberia to Ireland and/or Britain, bypassing the rest of Iberia and Gaul, where none such substratal effects have ever been noted, it is unlikely that economically dominant Phoenician would ever have acted as a substrate to “Tartessian”, which would be better named Cunetian, as it may not be connected with the flourishing culture of Tartessos (cf. the Biblical “ships of Tarshish”). Finally, there are a number of problems and questions concerning the adaptation of the Phoenician script to the language of the SW inscriptions.

For about 100 years, a myth has been fostered in Germanic historical linguistics: it has been claimed that some 30% or more of the Germanic lexical stock are of non-Indo-European substrate origin. Despite this claim, no list of more than 40–50 lexical items has ever been offered to prove it. For most of these lexical items, which pertain to the sphere of seafaring and related subjects, solid Indo-European etymologies have been completed in the meantime. On the other hand, it can be shown that the mythical number of 30% is based on an Indo-Europeanists' incorrect interpretation of rather sound statistics on the Germanic lexicon offered in a book by Bruno Liebich (1899). Moreover, Vennemann's theories of a 'Vasconic' substratum and a 'Semitidic' superstratum in the Germanic lexicon may be discarded of as an unproven and unprovable phantasma. Discussion must go on, however, about claims made by Leiden Indo-Europeanists regarding the substratal origin of certain phonological structures in Germanic words, which cannot go back directly to PIE preforms. In the end, the more conservative approaches to the problem by the authors of the Etymo-logical Dictionary of Old High German are exemplified with data taken from Vol. V (2014).

A compact, circular UWB fractal antenna with triple reconfigurable notch rejection bands is proposed. It rejects the crowded frequency bands WiMAX, WLAN and X band interferences produced in UWB communication systems. The proposed fractal structure consists of a basic circular patch with circular fractal iterations. By employing this new structure of fractals, the overall size of antenna is reduced 53% to 21x25 mm, in comparison with traditional circular monopole antenna. The implemented antenna operates at 3.1-10 GHz. Re-configurability is realized by designing slots and split ring resonators in desired frequencies with the attached PIN diodes. WLAN band rejection was realized by creating a pair of optimized L-shaped slots in the ground plane. By etching a split ring resonator and a U-shaped slot, X and WiMAX bands were also rejected. Furthermore, by attaching diodes to aforementioned slots and designating the diodes on/off, different bands can be included or rejected. In time domain, the antenna properties are evaluated by a figure of merit called fidelity factor. Finally, the antenna properties are measured in anechoic chamber and the results agrees with simulation findings.

IT'S HERE NOW!!! 
IT’S GOING TO BE REAL STRANGE.  PEOPLE MUST NOT BE AFRAID, IN FACT, ALL PEOPLE NEED TO BE REAL HAPPY ABOUT THIS EVENT AND BE READY TO GET OUTSIDE. GROUNDED.  THIS IS MEANT TO CLEAN ALL OF THE POLLUTION AND PROBABLY EVEN THE RADIATION FROM THE PLANET.

SOLID EVIDENCE OF THE INCOMING WAVE

The oral transmission of the Tannaitic Hebrew double genitive vocative ribbono šella‘olam ‘Master of the Universe’ maintains the definite article in the Hebrew component of two ancient Jewish vernaculars, Jewish Neo-Aramaic and Judeo-Arabic in Djerba. The textual transmission of the phrase, however, changed it graphemically from the original רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁלָּעוֹלָם into medieval רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, and the new spelling was the source of its final formation in Yiddish and Judeo-Spanish, without the definite article. The decategorialization of this double genitive phrase from a theocentric vocative to a semantically bleached interjection in these Jewish languages, especially Yiddish, was the point of departure for its meaning and pragmatic function in nascent spoken Modern Hebrew, as evidence from Mendele’s bilingual oeuvre indicates. It may then be tentatively proposed that further grammaticalization and broadening of this substrate component structure-function pairing may have led to the emergence of a new category of analogically constructed discourse markers in Modern Hebrew.