Family and Consumer Sciences

National student loan debt has continued to climb trending up despite the decline of other types of consumer debt since the Great Recession. This paper provides an overview of the student loan market and the distribution of individual loan balances and loan performance. The empirical analysis uses a state and time fixed-effect model to examine factors that influence the variation across states in the amount borrowed and delinquencies measured in terms of balance or number of borrowers. The results show that states with higher student loan balances are not necessarily those with poorer loan performance. There are no clear patterns of amount borrowed, but loan performance differs among races and ethnicities. States with a higher percentage of their population with a college degree borrow less and have better loan performance. States with higher average credit scores tend to have lower rates of delinquency. Credit scores are not necessarily related to the amount borrowed because the ma...

National student loan debt has continued to climb trending up despite the decline of other types of consumer debt since the Great Recession. This paper provides an overview of the student loan market and the distribution of individual loan balances and loan performance. The empirical analysis uses a state and time fixed-effect model to examine factors that influence the variation across states in the amount borrowed and delinquencies measured in terms of balance or number of borrowers. The results show that states with higher student loan balances are not necessarily those with poorer loan performance. There are no clear patterns of amount borrowed, but loan performance differs among races and ethnicities. States with a higher percentage of their population with a college degree borrow less and have better loan performance. States with higher average credit scores tend to have lower rates of delinquency. Credit scores are not necessarily related to the amount borrowed because the ma...

The purpose of this study was to examine high school adolescents' clothing shopping frequency, expenditure, purchase motivations, information sources, and store selection criteria and to determine the similarities and differences between male and female as well as impulse and nonimpulse shoppers. A survey design was used to collect the data. One hundred thirty-seven high school students, in 9th to 12th grade, 69 males and 68 females, were recruited. Similarities were found between male and female participants. They spent similar amounts of money on clothing and had similar degrees of conformity, sexual attraction, and recognition motivations. For both genders, friends were the most important clothing information source, and price was the most important criterion for store selection. Significant differences were also found between genders. Female participants shopped significantly more often than males and had higher recreation clothing purchase motivation. Certain information sources, such as friends and magazines/books, had more influence over clothing purchase decisions made by females compared to males. Certain criteria such as product variety/availability and store display carried more weight for females than males when making a store selection. When impulse and nonimpulse shoppers were compared, significant differences were found in all the clothing behaviors examined in the study (i.e., clothing shopping frequency, expenditure, purchase motivations, information sources, store selection criteria). Educational and marketing implications are recommended.

This study examined the effect of clothing size on women’s self-esteem and body image and whether those findings were related to age or body size. Data were obtained in a two-phase experimental study in which subjects were asked to achieve fit in pants that either “ran small” or “ran large.” Smaller sizes were found to have a positive effect on body image, particularly for younger women. Larger subjects felt more positive about their bodies when they achieved fit in a smaller size. However, the need for a larger size did not have a significant effect on either self-esteem or body image.

To effectively prepare future entrepreneurs and small business managers for a breadth of business endeavors, higher education is challenged to offer educational and learning experiences that help others understand the complexities and challenges of operating in a third-world small business setting. In order to meet such needs, researchers engaged in on-site case study development with the Oodi Weavers in Botswana, Africa. The Oodi Weavers function as a female-based small business textile weaving cooperative offering opportunities for increased tourism, self-sufficiency, and sustainability for a sector of the local population. Through the case presentation, readers have the opportunity to discuss the history and challenges of the Oodi Weavers from a variety of perspectives and subject matter areas.

Credit card use among college students has reached unprecedented levels. As a result, there is a movement to better educate college students about wise credit use habits. This research examines the credit information provided by four socialization agents (parents, peers, media, and schools). In addition, it assesses the relationship between these socialization agents and the credit use behavior of college students. Using paired sample t tests, the results indicate that the amount of credit information given by parents is significantly greater than the information received from the other three sources (schools, peers, and media). Correlation analysis indicates that there is a significant negative relationship between the amount of credit information learned from parents and credit use. The more information provided by parents, the lower the outstanding balance carried by college students on their credit cards. Media sources, educational sources, and peer sources of information showed no significant relationship with credit use.

For this assignment I will be researching the years of 1911-1920.  The purpose of this research is to explore the social, economic, and political influences that helped shape and mold, the development of home economics/family and consumer science.

Nutrition Science in the 21st century dates back to at least before the 5th century BCE. Whereas early theories on the relationship between food and health outcomes were founded on philosophical thought or divine intervention, today's nutritionists source their advice from empirical evidence. This essay delineates and reconstructs nutrition science as the discipline evolves and progresses through scientific stages of change in early North America.

The subject of multicultural diversity in the classroom is a topic gaining more and more relevance as our world grows and expands.  America is a cultural melting pot, consisting of populations of people from around the globe.  From its inception, America was a place of refuge for people seeking religious and cultural freedom, however as our nation has expanded and grown, intolerance and ethnocentrism have grown with it. 
As it stands now in 2014, diversity and multicultural influences are at an all time high and the speed with which we all interact is also at an all time high.  With these factors in mind, the topic of multicultural education is more important than ever. 
It has been stated that multicultural education has the potential to:
1. Eradicate prejudice and racism
2. Bring differing peoples together peacefully
3. Builds interaction between diverse cultures
4. Creates tolerance between groups
5. Eradicates cultural barriers
This being the case, how do we as educators, do our part to address the topic of diversity in the classroom in a positive and effective way?  This is the question I will be addressing in the following pages – specifically how to “weave lessons in cultural diversity into the Family and Consumer Science - Culinary classroom.”

Branded bag become fashion trend in Indonesia and everyone can find a lot of international designer bag around us therefore, analyzing the factors of costumer preference on choosing branded bag become important to study. The purpose of this research is to analyze how do reference groups, attitude, social status, place, price, and product quality affect branded bag choosing preferences. Consumer Preference is preferences or the choice of several alternative choices that are formed from consumer perceptions of the product. The data in this research were collected by distributing questionnaires online to respondents throughout Indonesia, the respondent should have one or more than one kind of branded bag researched in this research (Kate Spade, Michael Kors, Coach, Longchamp, and Tory Burch). The method used to measure the customer preference is multiple linear regression, logistic regression and cross tabulation analysis with 164 sample. The result are R value is 82.3 % and d R Square value is 67.8% and shows that reference group, place, price and product quality affect customer preference of purchasing branded bag while attitude do not affect customer preference of choosing branded bag.

Competition for coffee shops in Indonesia is getting tighter and continues to increase, especially for coffee shops with concepts coffee-to-go. Shop coffee-to-go is a coffee shop concept that is sold in minimalist outlets that do not provide space for dine in, as well as sales focused on online. This study aims to analyze the influence of product and service quality, electronic word of mouth, and brand image on satisfaction and repurchase intention of shop consumers' coffee-to-go on social media. The data collection technique uses non-probability sampling with questionnaires distributed online throughout Indonesia with 226 respondents. Futhermore, data analysis in this study is using SmartPLS 3.0 software to analyze the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method and descriptive analysis. The results showed that users are dominated by female aged 21 to 25 years and the majority of respondents buy products from the tavern brands coffee-to-go in Java Island. In this study the four indicators used to form customer satisfaction variables have a CSI calculation value of 80 percent, so the CSI test results illustrate that overall respondents who have bought and consumed products are in the satisfied. the three variables in the form of product and service quality, electronic word of mouth, and brand image has a significant positive effect on the variable consumer satisfaction and repurchase intention, and the consumer satisfaction variable has a significant positive relationship with the repurchase intention of the shop consumers coffee-to-go.

Despite the growth of catalog shopping, there is little known about the identity of catalog shoppers. This study attempted to identify light and heavy catalog users according to clothing interest. The sample consisted of 93 female catalog shoppers for apparel from a southwestern state. A two-way ANOVA was used to investigate differences with the individual clothing interest inventory scores and catalog use. Significant main effects were found for the individual clothing in terest inventory scores and catalog use (p < 0.01); however, the interaction be tween clothing interest and catalog use was not significant. Stepwise regression resulted in style and brand name as significant variables in predicting clothing interest. Results implied that research findings presently in the literature re garding clothing interest and the retail shopper were applicable to the catalog shopper.