Galaxy Structure

The matter-action universe is a causal set of collapsing matter and growing force that finally unifies quantum gravity with quantum charge. Instead of beginning a universe big-bang creation with a constant mass and force along with expanding space and time, the current matter action is the end of an antiverse of antimatter expansion.

The current matter collapse and force growth are the single sources of both charge and gravity forces. Discrete quantum aether creates a universe with the action of matter collapse and force growth with the same CMB of creation and yet quantum aether evolves to its present state by expanding action and collapsing matter instead of expanding space and time.

Continuous space and time emerge from the primitive two dimensions of quantum aether’s matter and action and so quantum aether provides an alternative description for physical reality instead of the conjugates of position and momentum. It is the causal set of discrete aether exchange that drives all action and all sources and observers emerge along with space and time from the discrete quantum actions of discrete aether particles. Particle exchange therefore defines both charge and gravity quantum action and it is the decoherence or collapse of that quantum phase that is what makes reality real.

There are two time dimensions that emerge from aether action; atomic time along with a distance and intrinsic decoherence cosmic time from the universe pulse decay. This means that action and event decays predict discrete time delays as well as both gravity and charge actions for all sources in a quantum universe. Discrete aether and its decay show the simple two axioms of discrete aether and action that then represent both gravity and charge forces as exchanges of different combinations of a single fundamental gauge boson aether particle.

Keywords: cosmology theory, dark matter, galaxy structure, galaxy kinematics and dynamics

This paper investigates spheroidal galaxies comprising a self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) halo plus de Vaucouleurs stellar distribution. These are coupled only via their shared gravitational field, which is computed consistently from the density profiles. Assuming conservation of mass, momentum and angular momentum, perturbation analyses reveal the galaxy's response to radial disturbance. The modes depend on fundamental dark matter properties, the stellar mass, and the halo's mass and radius. The coupling of stars and dark matter stabilizes some haloes that would be unstable as one-fluid models. However the centrally densest haloes are unstable, causing radial flows of SIDM and stars (sometimes in opposite directions). Depending on the dark microphysics, some highly diffuse haloes are also unstable. Unstable galaxies might shed their outskirts or collapse. Observed elliptical galaxies appear to exist in the safe domain. Halo pulsations are possible. The innermost node of SIDM waves may occur within 10 half-light radii. Induced stellar ripples may also occur at detectable radii if higher overtones are excited. If any SIDM exists, observational skotoseismology of galaxies could probe dark matter (DM) physics, measure the sizes of specific systems, and perhaps help explain peculiar objects (e.g. some shell galaxies, and the growth of red nuggets).

We investigate the black hole (BH) scaling relation in galaxies using a model in which the galaxy halo and central BH are a self-gravitating sphere of dark matter (DM) with an isotropic, adiabatic equation of state. The equipotential where the escape velocity approaches the speed of light defines the horizon of the BH. We find that the BH mass (m•) depends on the DM entropy, when the effective thermal degrees of freedom (F) are specified. Relations between BH and galaxy properties arise naturally, with the BH mass and DM velocity dispersion following m• ∝ σF/2 (for global mean density set by external cosmogony). Imposing observationally derived constraints on F provides insight into the microphysics of DM. Given that DM velocities and stellar velocities are comparable, the empirical correlation between m• and stellar velocity dispersions σ⋆ implies that 7 ≲ F < 10. A link between m• and globular cluster properties also arises because the halo potential binds the globular cluster swarm at large radii. Interestingly, for F > 6 the dense dark envelope surrounding the BH approaches the mean density of the BH itself, while the outer halo can show a nearly uniform kpc-scale core resembling those observed in galaxies.