Gaslighting

Gaslighting is a form of psychological abuse that manipulates the environment or mental state of the abused and then provokes the abused to believe that the effects exist only in their imaginations. By repeatedly and convincingly offering explanations that depict the victims as paranoid, abusers control the victim’s perception of reality while maintaining a position of trust and authority for the abusers in society.

This presentation will be part of the Lisbon Summer School on Speech Acts in Public Discourse: Normative Questions. Other instructors include Jennifer Saul, Mary Kate McGowan, Ray Drainville, Marcin Lewinski, Maciej Witek, and Biancamaria Cepollaro. Please follow this link for more information:

https://publicpolicyargument.eu/events/lisbon-summer-school-on-speech-acts-in-public-discourse-normative-questions/

The gaslighting of retiring MP George Christensen by senior Coalition figures in Canberra is a disgrace. It is also very, very dumb politics. Bully Christensen, you bully a now quite large and ever-expanding freedom movement which has had a gutful. With an election looming, we are armed and dangerous. Retail futures for shops selling baseball bats promise solid returns.

GROUND PLAN
The Beginnings of Gas Illumination in Szabadka

Ground Plan is the title of a map, most probably drawn by the town engineer of Szabadka at the end of the 19th century. It indicates the planned placement of gas lamps around the city. In the same time, this map is the final version of the draft (known as Gasbeleuchtung Rajon – Gas Lighted Region) prepared by the gas factory during its negotiations with the local council.
The introduction of gas lighting has meant modernisation for the town ofSzabadka. In addition to infrastructural development, it also brought a municipal recognition to the settlement, as before 1914 only 33 towns of the country had a gas factory, 21 of which were officially declared as municipal cities. On the other hand, only 5 municipal cities did not have a gas factory (Zombor belonged to the latter group).
The above mentioned two maps are accompanied by a third one, dating back to 1897, which demonstrates the places of oil lamps. Unfortunately, its complementary map which would indicate the places of gas lamps has not remained. The former drawing spectacularly presents the changes in the placement of oil lamps after the introduction of gas illumination – petroleum lamps have literally disappeared from the town centre. While reconstructing the original distribution of oil lamps we have been guided by the “Report on imported gas lamps and remaining oil lights”. From this document, it was possible to detect that out of the 261 streets and squares of the town, 110 had public illumination, and only 9 streets/squares received new lighting. In other streets only the number of lamps has been increased. In 1884, the town planned to lighten up 62 streets, while in 1887, the Ground Plan only includes 47 streets. Beside roads which lead to neighbouring towns, illumination has been brought into the following rectangular area:  Train Station – Raktár Street – Széchenyi Square – Petőfi Str. – Vörösmarty Str. – Pázmány Str. –Damjanits Street. TheMain Square is situated in the middle of this area. All public buildings were found in this part of the town, and the streets were paved. This used to be the busiest part of the town, surrounded by pretty, 1-2-storey buildings.
In conclusion, we can state that the introduction of gas illumination has not only improved the lighting conditions, but also had a representative role – for example, it highlighted the city centre at night.