Vulnerable Narcissism

The narcissistic ego continuously urges us to become addicted to various kinds of false cravings, often for unhealthy, unwholesome, toxic, substances, attitudes, and habits, as a way of escaping from a deeper, but unreal, sense of basic deficiency, inner emptiness, and fearful insecurity, which the ego tries to cover over by superimposing a distracting false façade of artificial pleasurable sensations and self-definitions, which can become rather grandiose and unrealistic, sometimes accompanied by destructively demonic energies and rather insane urges in the most extreme forms of selfish egoism. These various forms of ego-gratification are basically designed to provide quasi substitutes for the natural, genuine euphoria, excitement, vitality, security, wellbeing, and divine grandeur, that are intrinsic to our real being, and only imitated by the various intense, often addictive, compulsive, unhealthy, unwholesome, conditionally acquired, readily lost, sensations, substances, habits, and attitudes that the narcissistic ego or separate sense of self-awareness urges us to pursue.

The purpose of the present research was to improve the reliability and item content of the recently popular Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS; Hendin & Cheek, 1997) by expanding it into a more complete measure of maladaptive covert narcissism. In an Amazon Mechanical Turk survey of 420 adults, the 23-item expanded version of the Maladaptive Covert Narcissism Scale (MCNS) had an alpha reliability of .89 compared to .75 for the original HSNS. Overall, the present results indicate that the new scale represents a significant improvement in the assessment of maladaptive covert narcissism.

A new measure of hypersensitive narcissism was derived by correlating the items of H. A. Murray's (1938) Narcism Scale with an MMPI-based composite measure of covert narcissism. In three samples of college students (totalN= 403), 10 items formed a reliable measure: the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS). The new HSNS and the MMPI-based composite showed similar patterns of correlations with the Big Five Inventory, and both measures correlated near zero with the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, which assesses overt narcissism. Results support P. Wink's (1991) distinction between covert and overt narcissistic tendencies in the normal range of individual differences and suggest that it would be beneficial for personality researchers to measure both types of narcissism in future studies.

“Relationship “Gravity is a metaphor for the psychological forces that keeps our feet planted in romantic relationships.  It’s “vertical” power, which weighs down on us and keeps us in relationships, is synergistically connected to The Human Magnet Syndrome’s “horizontal” influence, which irresistibly draws romantic partners together.  Both forces explain the long-term and committed nature of all relationships, ranging from healthy to dysfunctional.    Relationship Gravity is a constant and ever-present force that pushes against anyone who wishes to end or leave a relationship.  Such a staying force is a “good” phenomenon for healthy relationships, and “bad” for those who are inextricably connected because of their shared dysfunction, like a well-matched codependent/narcissistic relationship.

Toute activité sportive est perçue en général comme étant positive et bénéfique. Mais quand, cette activité libératrice à la base, devient addiction, teintée de souffrance et des syndromes de manque, elle n’est plus centrée sur le plaisir, mais elle empêche le bon fonctionnement du sujet dans les autres domaines de sa vie. Creusant cette problématique, particulièrement dans l’activité de la musculation, nous avons touché au fond de la psyché, à un complexe, celui d’Adonis, qui englobe notamment les domaines du narcissisme défaillant, de l’estime de soi oscillante, et ses répercussions sur l’image du corps que l’Adonis travaille à changer, pour relayer à des assises narcissiques défaillantes. À travers les thèses analytiques des relations d’objets, les thèses sociales, passants par les thèses neurobiologiques, nous avons démontré notre problématique. Puis à travers des entretiens cliniques et des tests scientifiques administrés à des hommes qui fréquentent les salles de gym pour exercer la musculation, nous avons vérifié nos hypothèses. Tout cela dans le but d’aider les hommes à trouver des moyens pour désamorcer leur insatisfaction corporelle et apprendre à reconnaître leurs problèmes, trouver de nouvelles manières de percevoir leur corps et découvrir d’autres façons d’avoir confiance en eux-mêmes et un sentiment d’accomplissement en soi, loin de toute forme d’addiction.

Activité physique - Addiction - Anorexie masculine renversée - Anxiété - Complexe d’Adonis - Compulsion - Corps - Défaillance narcissique - Dépendance - Dépression - Dysmorphophobie - Dysmorphie - Estime de soi - Fixation – Homosexualité - Image corporelle - Masochisme - Musculation - Narcissisme - Narcissisme primaire - Narcissisme secondaire - Phobie - Relation d’objet narcissique - Sport - Théorie de la Relation d’objet - Trouble obsessionnel compulsif -

The idea that the self-overvaluation characteristic of narcissism can be directed either overtly toward the public self (ego) or covertly toward the privately idealized self-image (ego ideal) was first discussed in the 1920s (e.g., Ellis, 1927). The more recent designation of these two faces of narcissism as Grandiosity-Exhibitionism (overt) and Vulnerability-Sensitivity (covert) by Wink (1991) finally has become accepted in contemporary personality and social psychological research (e.g., Miller et al., 2011). Researchers have tended to focus on what divides or distinguishes these two faces of narcissism (e.g., Krizan & Johar, 2012), and the extent of such distinctions now raises questions about what connects overt and covert narcissism as aspects of the same psychological construct and is covert “really” a form of narcissism? In two studies (total N = 595) we found answers in strong positive correlations between both overt and covert narcissism and measures of entitlement rage and grandiose fantasies.

This enlightening article talks about the enormous suffering of narcissistic and co-dependent children and views their unfortunate fate during childhood and adulthood from the perspective that they have been damned to unhappiness during their stay on planet Earth and for all eternity.

Narcissism can be expressed in grandiose or vulnerable forms. We examined whether positive psychological states (defined by the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) and the Diener Satisfaction With
Life (SWL) scales) assisted differentiation relative to general personality traits and the ‘‘the Dark Triad’’ (psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism, measured by the D12 and Short Dark Triad (SD3) indices) for 840 persons primarily from the UK, USA and Canada. The best fitting structural equation model comprised two latent variables, one of positive mood (comprising total scores on the OHI and SWL scales), and another forming a ‘‘dark dyad’’ of Machiavellianism and psychopathy (predicted by low agreeableness and lower positive mood), with narcissism regarded as a separate construct correlated with the dark dyad. Latent positive mood was primarily predicted by higher emotional stability and extraversion. Narcissism was predicted by lower emotional stability, lower agreeableness, and higher extraversion. Latent profile analysis identified four groups in the data: ‘‘unhappy but not narcissistic’’,‘‘vulnerable narcissism’’, ‘‘happy non-narcissism’’ and ‘‘grandiose narcissism’’. Our results suggest more
problematic narcissism can be identified by reference to measures indexing positive mood states and general personality traits.

The Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS; Hendin & Cheek, 1997) has become widely used as a measure of covert, vulnerable narcissism. In the original scale construction article, the 10 items were interpreted as forming a single factor based on loadings on the first unrotated factor. More recently, however, researchers studying an Italian translation of the HSNS interpreted a two-factor structure for the 10-item scale (Fossati et al., 2009). The purpose of the present research was to explore the factor structure of the HSNS in two large English language samples (total N = 28,791). Statistical tests for the number of factors to rotate indicated two factors for both of these samples. The two subscales of the HSNS identified in the present research, Self-Absorption and Hypersensitivity, are conceptually similar to the two Italian components obtained in two samples by Fossati et al. (2009; Egocentrism and Oversensitivity to Judgement). We conclude that these two components should be explored further in ongoing work on revising and expanding the original 10-item HSNS.

The aim of this article is to investigate the role of the grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in the economic game. One widely employed paradigm in this field of experimental economic games is the prisoner's dilemma-used to examine competitive versus cooperative behaviour. In the present study a prisoner's dilemma game was ad-ministrated to individuals (N = 320), along with measures of grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism and impulsivity. Specifically, our results show that vulnerable narcissism has a significant positive effect on defecting behaviors, while grandiose narcissism has a significant positive effect on cooperation in the initial round. However, while the game proceeded, grandiose narcissism started to have a positive effect on defecting behaviors too. This suggests that grandiose narcissists have, at least initially, positive qualities to them which can make them popular, but in the long run they lose their positive reputation and their likeability and willingness to cooperate decrease.

The present study examined the relationship of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism with dispositional anger and hostility. We investigated the roles of neuroticism, emotional intelligence, and gender in this relationship, using a sample of 405 participants. The results indicated that vulnerable narcissism was associated with a higher tendency toward anger and hostility, and that neuroticism accounted for a large part of this association. Poor emotion managing, known as strategic emotion regulation ability, also played a role in hostility related to vulnerable narcissism, especially among men. When emotional stability was controlled for, grandiose narcissism showed links to anger and hostility. We concluded that high neuroticism and poor emotion regulation abilities among vulnerable narcissists contribute to increased anger/hostility, whereas emotional stability likely protects grandiose narcissists against these internal aspects of aggression. The significant relationships between b...

Rejection sensitivity and loneliness are some of the psychological factors that negatively affect
people’s lives. The literature has revealed evidence that rejection sensitivity may be associated with
loneliness. The purpose of this study was to examine the possible mediating roles of vulnerable
narcissism, grandiose narcissism, and self-esteem in the relationship between rejection sensitivity
and loneliness. The research sample consisted of 296 [231 (78%) women, 63 (21.3%) men] university students in İstanbul, whose ages are between 18 and 28 years. Socio-demographic Information
Form, Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, Pathological Narcissism Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and UCLA Loneliness Scale were used for the data collection. The findings of the
analyses revealed that vulnerable narcissism, grandiose narcissism, and self-esteem significantly
predict loneliness. When the serial mediation models were tested, it was found that grandiose narcissism and self-esteem in the first model, and vulnerable narcissism, and self-esteem in the second
model had mediating roles respectively in the relationship between rejection sensitivity and loneliness. Research findings are discussed in the light of the literature, and the limitations of the study
and its contributions to clinical practice and suggestions for future research are presented.

Starting from the general concept of "narcissism", the present work focuses on the essential aspects of personality disorder that define the clinical and diagnostic contexts, laying the foundations for a correct differential diagnosis, without neglecting the neural characteristics developed by the scientific community. A new classification of the narcissistic disorder is presented that better defines the different types, in a more general framework of the "narcissistic spectrum". The discussion ends with the best suggested therapeutic approaches.

The aim of the study was to assess the reliability and the validity of the Italian translation of the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS) in a sample of consecutively admitted psychiatric outpatients (N = 366) and in an independent sample of non-clinical volunteers (N = 385). In both samples, data from the HSNS had adequate internal consistency, considering its limited length. Consistent with our hypothesis, a two-factor structure explained the HSNS item intercorrelations. Among clinical participants, the HSNS and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) showed radically different patterns of correlations with the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) Personality Disorder diagnoses. In both samples, the HSNS and the NPI showed distinct and theoretically consistent correlations with temperament and character dimensions. As a whole, these findings seem to support the reliability and the validity of the HSNS as a measure of hypersensitive narcissism. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This study aims to compare narcissism levels of female athletes in different branches. The narcissism levels of students who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study have been measured through 16-question Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-16) which has been coordinated by Daniel R. Ames, Paul Rose and Cameron P. Anderson in 2005. The validity and the reliability of the Inventory have been done by Salim ATAY in 2009. For analyses of the data, Portable IBM SPSS Statistics v20 software package was used. The descriptive analysis, one-way Anova analysis which was used to determine the difference between two variances and Tukey’s test were also used in data analysis. At the end of the study, it was observed that the narcissism score of bodybuilding athletes is higher than other athletes in the scope of the study.

Multidimensional perfectionism is related to grandiose narcissism, with other-oriented perfectionism showing the strongest, most consistent relationships. The relationships with vulnerable narcissism, however, are unclear. Our study investigated how three forms of perfectionism—self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism (Hewitt & Flett, 1991)—are related to narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability. A sample of 375 university students completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Raskin & Terry, 1988), Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (Hendin & Cheek, 1997), and Pathological Narcissism Inventory (Pincus et al., 2009) capturing various facets of narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability. Multiple regressions were conducted controlling for the overlap between the three forms of perfectionism and gender. Other-oriented perfectionism showed unique positive relationships with key facets of grandiose narcissism. In contrast, socially prescribed perfectionism showed positive relationships with all facets of vulnerable narcissism. Self- and other-oriented perfectionism showed positive relationships with individual facets only. Other-oriented perfectionism appears to represent a form of perfectionism predominantly related to narcissistic grandiosity, whereas socially prescribed perfectionism is predominantly related to narcissistic vulnerability. As the first study to examine perfectionism in relation to narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability, our research both extends and clarifies the nomological network of the perfectionism construct in important ways.

Reddedilme duyarlılığı ve yalnızlık hissi insanların hayatlarını olumsuz etkileyen psikolojik unsurlardan bazılarıdır. Alanyazın, reddedilmeye yönelik yüksek düzeyde duyarlılığa sahip olmanın yalnızlıkla ilişkili olabileceğine dair bulgular ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı ise reddedilme
duyarlılığı ile yalnızlık arasındaki ilişkide; kırılgan narsisizm, büyüklenmeci narsisizm ve benlik
saygısının olası aracı etkilerini incelemektir. Araştırma örneklemi yaşları 18-28 arasında değişen
ve İstanbul’da öğrenim gören toplam 296 [231 (%78) kadın, 63 (%21.3) erkek] üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplamak üzere Sosyo-demografik Bilgi Formu, Reddedilme Duyarlılığı
Ölçeği, Patolojik Narsisizm Envanteri, Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği ve UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular kırılgan ve büyüklenmeci narsisizm ve benlik saygısının yalnızlığı
anlamlı biçimde yordayan değişkenler olduklarını göstermiştir. Seri aracılık modelleri sınandığında, reddedilme duyarlılığı ile yalnızlık arasındaki ilişkide ilk modelde sırasıyla büyüklenmeci
narsisizm ve benlik saygısının, ikinci modelde sırasıyla kırılgan narsisizm ve benlik saygısının aracı
roller üstlendikleri bulunmuştur. Araştırma bulguları alanyazın ışığında tartışılmış, çalışmanın sınırlılıkları, klinik uyg

Background
Narcissism has two different dimensions which differ in terms of social functioning. Grandiose narcissism is associated with higher extraversion, while vulnerable narcissism is associated with greater introversion. Both forms of narcissism present numerous forms of social maladjustment.
Anhedonia (social and physical) is associated with measures of social maladjustment and is one of the core symptoms of serious mental conditions. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between social and physical anhedonia and the two forms of narcissism,
grandiose and vulnerable.
Participants and Procedure
A sample of 339 young adults completed the Polish version of the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and two subscales of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales – Short Form: the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale and the Physical Anhedonia Scale.
Results
We found a positive correlation between social anhedonia and vulnerable narcissism, and a negative correlation between social anhedonia and grandiose narcissism. Physical anhedonia was not related to any form of narcissism. Older people and men scored higher on the social anhedonia
scale.
Conclusions
Vulnerable narcissistic personality is associated with social deficits, namely social anhedonia. Future research could investigate the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and schizotypy to establish whether vulnerable personality is a risk factor for developing serious mental illnesses.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has been accompanied by a variety of potentially stressful or traumatic experiences that people may face in daily life (e.g., repeated exposure to morbidity or mortality reports across media platforms, social isolation, contracting COVID-19, supply shortages, lost income, death of a loved one). As such, it is important to consider individual differences that may increase one’s risk for developing stress-related disorders (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder) or put the health of other people at risk. Individual differences in narcissism—a multifaceted aspect of personality—may be worth examining in association with social health behaviors, stress, and trauma-related outcomes during the current and future pandemics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

The present study examined the relationship of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism with dispositional anger and hostility. We investigated the roles of neuroticism, emotional intelligence, and gender in this relationship, using a sample of 405 participants. The results indicated that vulnerable narcissism was associated with a higher tendency toward anger and hostility, and that neuroticism accounted for a large part of this association. Poor emotion managing, known as strategic emotion regulation ability, also played a role in hostility related to vulnerable narcissism, especially among men. When emotional stability was controlled for, grandiose narcissism showed links to anger and hostility. We concluded that high neuroticism and poor emotion regulation abilities among vulnerable narcissists contribute to increased anger/hostility, whereas emotional stability likely protects grandiose narcissists against these internal aspects of aggression. The significant relationships between both forms of narcissism with aggression, remaining after neuroticism and emotion regulation were accounted for, suggest that there is another underlying source of this link. Finally, we found that controlling for interindividual differences in neuroticism significantly increased the relationship between vulnerable and grandiose narcissism, suggesting the existence of the common core of narcissism.

Objective: In this article, we explore the implications of vulnerable narcissism in an organizational context, particularly with regard to work-related well-being and leader–follower interactions. We tested whether employees’ vulnerable narcissism affects their work engagement and emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, we examined whether leaders’ grandiose narcissism impacts such as working relationships. We used job demands-resources theory in order to derive our hypotheses at the intra- and inter-individual level. Method: Multi-level analyses in a sample of 235 followers in 71 teams confirmed some of our hypotheses. Results: We demonstrate that vulnerable narcissism is positively related to followers’ emotional exhaustion and negatively related to work engagement. Moreover, leaders’ grandiose narcissism exacerbates the negative relationship between followers’ vulnerable narcissism and their work engagement. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the various facets of narcissism play an important role in an organizational context and suggest that vulnerable narcissism in particular, which has been largely neglected in previous research, is an important determinant of work-related well-being. Further, we form a holistic understanding of the leadership process by emphasizing the interaction between leaders’ and followers’ personalities, adding to the leadership literature by integrating leader and follower characteristics.