Gasworks

Ultra resolution chemical fingerprinting of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) from former manufactured gas plants (FMGPs) was investigated using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC TOFMS). Reversed phase GC × GC (i.e. a polar primary column coupled to a non-polar secondary column) was found to significantly improve the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated homologues. Sample extraction and cleanup was performed simultaneously using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), with recovery rates between 76% and 97%, allowing fast, efficient extraction with minimal solvent consumption. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the GC × GC data was performed in an attempt to differentiate between twelve DNAPLs based on their chemical composition. Correlations were discovered between DNAPL composition and historic manufacturing processes used at different FMGP sites. Traditional chemical...

The gas industry has been in the UK spotlight
recently, due to increasing gas prices, shale gas,
depleting UK gas fields and a growing dependency
on gas for electricity production. The public gas industry
celebrated its 200th anniversary in 2012, and this article
provides a summary of its history and assesses whether
gas has been a friend or a foe.
Whilst gas is expected to be there at the flick of a switch
to power your cooker or boiler, the infrastructure that
provides this supply is all but hidden from sight below
ground. Some of you may be aware of gasholders, the
tall cylindrical telescopic storage vessels (see Figure 1)
that are gradually disappearing from our landscape, but
beyond this, little is seen. As many of the developments
associated with the gas industry are not obvious, this
article shines a light on the industry’s past.
Gas has featured in human society for thousands of
years, having spiritual significance where ‘eternal flames’
– burning seepages of gas – formed the centrepiece of
religious shrines. The ancient Chinese captured natural
gas for heating salt pans. Firedamp was feared in British
coal mines for its explosive properties when ignited, but
engineers such as Spedding had seen the potential for
extracting and burning this gas for lighting purposes.

Archeologisch en archivalisch onderzoek naar de Arnhemse Gasfabriek aan de Westervoortse dijk in Arnhem.

In 2013 en 2014 is het terrein van de voormalige Arnhemse gasfabriek, één van de grootste in Nederland, gesaneerd. De sanering is archeologisch begeleid met als doel om de resten van de fabriek in beeld te krijgen. Het onderzoek heeft een goed beeld opgeleverd van de ontwikkeling van de gasfabriek door de decennia heen. De acties die zijn ondernomen om meer gas te produceren, de concurrentie van elektriciteit en petroleum, de gevolgen van twee wereldoorlogen en het einde van de fabriek door de opkomst van aardgas.

"This paper describes the history of the gas industry and the processes involved in the manufacture of gas, as was undertaken on former gasworks in Britain and across the world. The first section cover a brief history, whereas the second section describes their operation.

The document covers the main plant involved in the gasworks process including, retorts, hydraulic main, condensers, washers, scrubbers, washer-scrubbers, tar tanks, purifiers (wet purification and dry purification), benzole recovery, naphthalene removal, dry gas plant, tar distillation, ammonium sulphate manufacture, sulphuric acid manufacture, oil and gas reforming, carburetted water gas, gasholders and their tanks and by-products.

En este trabajo se describe la historia de la industria del gas y los procesos que intervienen en la fabricación de gas, como se llevó a cabo en la antigua fábrica de gas en Gran Bretaña y en todo el mundo. La primera sección cubrir una historia breve, mientras que la segunda sección se describe su funcionamiento. Se ha finalizado y marca una cantidad considerable de trabajo en mi "tiempo libre" en los últimos 6 meses.

Cet article décrit l'histoire de l'industrie du gaz et les processus impliqués dans la fabrication du gaz, comme cela a été entrepris sur ancienne usine à gaz en Grande-Bretagne et dans le monde. La première partie couvre un bref historique, tandis que la seconde décrit leur fonctionnement. Il est maintenant terminée et marque une somme de travail considérable dans mon «temps libre» au cours des 6 derniers mois.

Dieses Papier beschreibt die Geschichte der Gaswirtschaft und die Prozesse bei der Herstellung von Gas beteiligt sind, wie auf ehemaligen Gaswerk in Großbritannien und auf der ganzen Welt durchgeführt wurde. Der erste Abschnitt behandelt eine kurze Geschichte, während der zweite Abschnitt beschreibt deren Betrieb. Es ist nun abgeschlossen und stellt einen erheblichen Arbeitsaufwand in meinem "Freizeit" in den letzten 6 Monaten.""

usine à gaz, officina del gas, gasværk, gasfabriek, Gaswerk, εργοστάσια αερίου, gázművek, ガス工場, gasskraftverk, gazownia, gasômetro, газовый завод, плинара, plynáreň, plinarn, gasverk, fábrica de gas, havagazı fabrikası, газовий завод, 煤氣廠"""

A presentation documenting the history of the gasholder from the development of Pneumatic Chemistry to the Dry/Waterless gasholders. This presentation is also available in an animated version in WMV format which is not compatible with this website.

Gasholders were introduced in the beginning of the nineteenth century as storages for locally produced coal gas that was used for public illumination. These rising iron structures presented a new kind of industrial architecture that changed the cityscape. In the course of a single century, the development had gone from the one-lift and tel- escopic gasholder (several lifts, linearly or spirally guided), working with a water seal system, to the waterless or dry gasholder. Today, the historic gasholders are industrial relicts and have often been demolished. With the analysis of a selection of important gasholders in Northern Italy (Turin, Venice, Florence and Bologna), this article aims at underlining the signi cance, development, shape and structure of the gasholders as a part of the engineering and industrial heritage.

O presente trabalho investiga as etapas de criação e consolidação de um novo imaginário para o Gasômetro de São Cristóvão, situado na Zona Portuária do Rio de Janeiro, a partir do concurso internacional de arquitetura organizado no ano de 2000 para a área. Para tanto, reflete sobre a atuação de arquitetos e urbanistas que elaboraram a proposta vencedora, recuperando o ambiente acadêmico, político e profissional que alicerça o concurso, bem como o alcance do mesmo após a divulgação do resultado final. Tendo como suporte privilegiado a análise de notícias, documentos oficiais e depoimentos orais, este trabalho trata de articular as transformações observadas no Gasômetro de São Cristóvão aos distintos movimentos de modernização e crise sentidos na metrópole carioca, desde sua inauguração (1911) até o contexto de renovação urbana ora instaurado pelo projeto Porto Maravilha. Mais além, a análise busca evidenciar os limites e possibilidades do projeto urbanístico ao lidar com os desejos de preservação e/ou renovação, enquanto efeitos de um diálogo profícuo estabelecido entre arquitetos, governo e mercado.

Monografia apresentada ao Curso de Especialização em Sociologia Urbana do Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Especialista em Sociologia Urbana.

It describes manufactured gas industry in Europe, giving  details of the development and extent of the manufactured gas industry across Europe. A paper will follow which will take advantage of the information prepared.
Gasworks in Europe, Usine à gaz en Europe, Gaswerk in Europa, officine del gas in Europa, газовите заводи в Европа, gasværk i Europa, majapidamisgaasigeneraatorid Euroopas, gázgyár Európában, kaasutehdas Euroopassa, gāzes fabrika Eiropā, Serverių Europoje, gasskraftverk i Europa, fábrica de gás na Europa, gasverk i Europa

Este artículo analiza la evolución de la actividad gasista en Madrid entre 1917 y 1922, años en los que la fábrica de gas estuvo controlada por el Ayuntamiento. Se analizan los motivos que llevaron al Ayuntamiento madrileño a rescindir el contrato de suministro de gas e incautarse de la fábrica de gas, propiedad de la Compañía Madrileña de Alumbrado y Calefacción por Gas. Igualmente se examinan los cambios en la gestión del negocio, y los problemas que enfrentó el Consistorio como consecuencia del aumento de los costes laborales y de las dificultades en el suminis-tro de carbón. Finalmente, se estudian los pleitos entre la Compañía del Gas y el Ayuntamiento y las opciones planteadas por éste para despren-derse del negocio.

This article examines developments in the gas sector in Madrid
between 1917 and 1922, when the gas factory was under the control of
the City Council. The article discusses the reasons why the Council
decided to cancel the gas supply contract and take over the gasworks,
owned by the Gas Lighting and Heating Company of Madrid. Changes
in the management of the business, alongside the problems faced by the
Council owing to the dramatic increase in labour costs and the escalating difficulties in obtaining coal supplies, are thoroughly analysed. The article also explores the lawsuits between the Gas Company and the City Council, and the latter’s subsequent attempts to get rid of the business.

This provides a list of former towns and Cities in Poland which had gasworks providing a public supply. The list is complicated by changes in the names of places and border changes historically so some of the place may no longer be in Poland or may not have originally been in Poland. PiNIG information suggests there were 230, which may be due to multiple gasworks in the same town/city or additional places not listed.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured in road debris collecting in urban areas and in the suspended sediment (SS) component of runoff from two stormwater catchments in Dunedin, New Zealand. Levels in the road debris ranged from 119-527 microg/g for lead, 50-464 microg/g for copper, 241-1 325 microg/g for zinc and 1.20-11.6 microg/g for sigma16PAH. The SS from the largely rural catchment (20% urban) had similar concentrations to the road debris, indicating that this urban material was the main source of the contaminants measured in the stormwater. Similar PAH fingerprint profiles and isomer ratios indicative of dominant pyrogenic (combustion) sources were also found in these two groups of materials. The SS from the 100% urban catchment contained 2- to 6-fold higher concentrations of metals and 10-fold greater levels of sigma16PAH. The higher levels of lead and copper were probably a result of industrial land uses in this catchment, while the additiona...

In December 1996 the Ministry for the Environment released the Draft Guidelines for the Management of Contaminated Gasworks Sites in New Zealand for consultation. During the submission period, workshops were held in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch to
introduce and discuss the guidelines. The structure and content of this guideline incorporates the views of submitters and workshop participants.

The guideline has been separated into two parts - this Users’ Guide, and Supporting Technical Information (on disk).

This Users’ Guide provides a summary of the steps involved in assessing and managing contaminated gasworks sites in New Zealand. This includes a discussion of why we are concerned about gasworks sites, site sampling and assessment processes, generic soil and water acceptance criteria, and site management.

The technical information which forms the basis for most of the guidelines, has been condensed from the original draft guidelines and can be found on the disk accompanying this document.

O presente trabalho acompanha, ao longo da primeira metade do século XX, a atividade do Gasômetro de São Cristóvão, fábrica inaugurada na Zona Portuária carioca em 1911 pela Société Anonyme du Gaz de Rio de Janeiro. Para tanto, parte-se de uma breve caracterização dos primórdios da iluminação à gás na cidade até sua incorporação ao monopólio de serviços públicos levado a efeito pela empresa canadense Rio de Janeiro Tramway, Light and Power Company Limited (Light), com o objetivo de compreender o intrincado cenário político e social que viabilizou a construção de uma das maiores fábricas de gás à época em funcionamento no mundo. A partir deste caso exemplar, defende-se que a instável simbiose homem-máquina mantida no interior da fábrica de gás constituiu terreno fértil para a atualização do esquema disciplinar e, enquanto tal, foi um ponto de passagem para a utopia da moderna metrópole carioca. Mais além, os fragmentos aqui apresentados, coletados em notícias, reportagens e relatórios internos da empresa, são testemunhos dos êxitos e desafios da empreitada, bem como da reserva de imaginação discursiva que, ao avesso da cidade em desordem, buscou realizar nos espaços produtivos do capitalismo a promessa da razão e do progresso aliados à marcha inexorável da inovação tecnológica.


The present work follows along the first half of the 20th century the operation of the São Cristóvão Gasworks, inaugurated by Société Anonyme du Gaz de Rio de Janeiro in 1911 in the Harbor area of Rio de Janeiro. Therefore, a short description is made on the beginning of the city's public lighting system up until its annexation to the public utility monopoly carried out by the Canadian company 'Rio de Janeiro Tramway, Light and Power Company Limited' (Light), with the aim of acknowledging the intricate political and social scene that has allowed the construction of one of the world's largest gasworks at the time. From this exemplary case, this paper defends that an unstable man-machine symbiosis maintained within the gas factory has consisted on a fertile ground for the actualization of the disciplinary power diagram and, as such, a passage point to Rio de Janeiro's modern city utopia. Furthermore, the fragments presented here, collected on newspaper articles and business reports, witness the success and challenges of the gas operation, as well as the reserve of discursive imagination that, in opposition to the disordered city, has tried to achieve on the spaces of capitalist production the promise of reason and progress associated with the inexorable march of technological innovation.

The case that I've studied with more precision is Reus. The bourgeoisie of this catalanish town looked with keenly all that happened in Barcelone, the most cosmopolitan and important city of Spain. At the same time, Barcelone looked to the north's cities of Europe, specially London and Paris, because it would be on the same level of modernity that them, by gaining the last technologic innovations who could increase his quality of life. Barcelona was the first Catalan city in getting up itself to the industry of the gas produced by the soft coal distillation. It created his first infrastructures three decades after it later did London and two decades that Paris. How Barcelone, the bourgeoisie of Reus had the control of the industry, the trade and the municipal government and therefore they could decide the future of the town. Ten years later, in 1854, the gas industry was installed in Reus. The catalanish bourgeoisie kept nexus between them and they created a channel to technologic knowledge of developed countries. This communication try to establish these common channels to introducing the technology of gas in the catalanish towns and I take the case of Reus like a example, because at that time it was the 2 nd catalanish town in economic and demographic importance. In the beginning, the technologic communications conducted to England and France.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a inauguração do Gasômetro de São Cristóvão (1911) no contexto das reformas urbanísticas ocorridas no início do século XX no Rio de Janeiro, com um foco especial na reforma do Porto. Acolhe-se aqui a afirmação de que o conjunto de intervenções levadas à cabo na cidade naquele período são efeitos de um embate político mais amplo, travado entre duas correntes reformadoras da época, fato que a historiografia ora dominante costuma desconsiderar. Durante a gestão do prefeito Pereira Passos (1903-1906), dois ideários distintos de reformulação urbana concorreram na mesma cidade: ações de embelezamento comandadas pela Prefeitura caminharam ao lado do projeto de modernização do Porto do Rio de Janeiro, levado à cabo pelo Governo Federal. Neste panorama, considera-se que a consequente inauguração do Gasômetro de São Cristóvão está fortemente vinculada e torna-se possível graças à intervenção a nível federal. Contudo, acredita-se que a separação entre dois pólos não dá conta do fenômeno, uma vez que a empreitada do gás mostrou-se transescalar, atravessando não apenas um, mas muitos projetos relacionados à noção de modernidade: a popularização do uso do gás e a inauguração de sua maior fábrica, o Gasômetro de São Cristóvão, articulam, ao mesmo tempo, distintas vertentes de projeto de cidade, de governo e de sociedade. Esta análise tem como suporte privilegiado a pesquisa em jornais e revistas publicados nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Para tanto, recorre-se inicialmente a um breve histórico da utilização do gás na iluminação pública da cidade a partir de meados do século XIX, se estendendo até a abertura do Gasômetro de São Cristóvão. Em seguida, discute-se o avanço do fornecimento de gás encanado e suas consequências na transformação dos hábitos da classe média urbana, mais precisamente no espaço privado do lar. ABSTRACT The present work aims to analyze the inauguration of São Cristóvão gasworks factory (1911) in the context of the urban reforms that took place in Rio de Janeiro during the early 20th century, with a special focus on the reform of its harbor. This article reaffirms the assertion that the set of interventions that took place in the city were effects of a wider political clash lead by two reformist trends of that time, a fact that current dominating historiography often disregards. During the administration of mayor Pereira Passos (1903-1906), two distinct ideologies concerning urban renewal competed in the same city: embellishment acts executed by the City Hall walked alongside the harbor's modernization project, driven by the country's Federal Government. In this panorama, it is believed that the consequent opening of the São Cristóvão gasworks is strongly linked and made possible thanks to the intervention on federal level. Nevertheless, it is believed that the separation in two poles does not explain the phenomenon, as the gas works appears to be cross-scaling, penetrating in not only one but many projects related to the notion of modernity: the popularization of gas appliances and the opening of its biggest factory, the São Cristóvão gasworks, articulate at the same time different projects of city, government and society. This analysis is based on the privileged research of newspapers and magazines published in Rio de Janeiro during the first decades of the 20th century. For such, a brief history of the utilization of manufactured gas in public lighting is made, from the mid-19th century until the construction of its main gas factory. It then discusses the improved gas supply system and its consequences on the transformation of the urban middle class habits, more precisely on the private space of home.

A profile of the gas manufacturing process, its design, development, application and the types of waste and by-products which may be associated with the processes used.. The author is grateful to fellow members of the Institution of Gas Engineers and Managers Panel for the History of the Industry and the staff of the National Grid Gas Archive for their kind assistance.

After several decades of negotiations, in 1889, the gasworks in Szabadka (now: Subotica)
was built by the United Gasworks of Augsburg, the company of the industrialist
L. A. Riedinger from Augsburg. It was one of his four southern gas works companies
in Hungary. The plant started to run on February 5, 1890, as the first gas lamps
were lit. According to the contract, the city had the opportunity to buy the factory
for a specified amount before the end of the contract for 50 years. In 1906, the city
assembly decided to redeem the gasworks, but in return for the gas concessions offered
by the gasworks, they waived the redemption for 10 years. In 1912, the mayor,
dr. Károly Bíró also thought that the development of public lighting can be realized
by the redemption of the gasworks. In 1916, the city was also involved in the idea
of building a new power plant. Despite the world war, Szabadka succeeded in carrying
out its earlier plan of gasworks redemption.
Of the 32 urban gas works in Hungary, 13 were placed in city ownership before
the First World War or were built inherently as city-owned gasworks. Redemption
was not a simple process even in peacetime, for instance, Újvidék (Novi Sad) did not
complete it in 1905. During the war, Kassa, Újvidék, Arad, and Sopron undertook
similar tasks. The Szabadka gas plant was taken over at 9 am on October 31, 1917,
with Alfonz Seereiner remaining the Director. After a five-month break, from 1st October
it restarted supplying lighting gas until March, 1919