Grass pea

Multi-environment trials play a significant role in selecting the best cultivars to be used at different locations. The objective of this study was to identify grain and forage yields stability of grass pea advanced lines across different locations. The 14 advanced lines of grass pea, developed by the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), were tested at three different research stations in semi-warm regions of Iran for three consecutive years. Ten non-parametric measures of stability were used to identify stable lines across nine environments. Three non-parametric tests (Bredenkamp, Hildebrand and De Kroon and Van der Laan) for Genotype-Environment (GE) interaction were highly significant, recommending differential responses of the lines to the test environments. Mean yields had a significant positive correlation with S i (6) , NP2, NP3, NP4, Fox-rank and Kang's rank-sum statistics. The results of correlation analysis and principal components analysis indicated that only non-parametric superiority measure could be useful for simultaneous selection of high yielding and stable lines. According to cluster analysis by forage and grain mean yields and non-parametric statistics, the line L3 with the highest forage and grain yields and Fox-rank as well as the lowest values of other non-parametric statistics could be introduced as high yielding stable cultivar for rain-fed conditions of semi-warm areas.

Potassium is the third major nutrient required by most crops for their growth and development. It plays an important role in increasing yield of legume crops but it has been ignored by the grass pea growers of the world. A field experiment was conducted at Pulse Research Sub-Station, Tandojam to test the growth and yield performance of four grass pea genotypes namely Sel-1959, Italian, Sel-299 and Sel-2177 against three potassium levels viz. 00, 10, 20 kg K ha-1. The results indicated that potassium levels and grass pea genotypes exhibited a significant (P<0.05) influence on all growth and yield traits. The combination of 20 kg K ha-1 and grass pea genotype Sel-2177 produced the maximum values for growth and yield traits with 6.00 branches plant-1, 34.67 pods plant-1, 4.66 seeds pod-1, 6.83 fresh pod yield (kg plot-1), 88.00 (g) 1000-seed weight, 23364.10 kg biomass yield ha-1 and 6121.00 kg seed yield ha-1 against crop fertilized with 20 kg K ha-1. The Italian genotype with 00 kg K ha-1 produced minimum results for all growth and yield traits. It was concluded that 20 kg K ha-1 produced maximum seed yield with other growth characteristics, while genotype Sel-2177 produced best results in all parameters than rest of other genotypes. In this regard, the grass pea crop with Sel-2177 genotype and 20 kg K ha-1 is being recommended for Sindh province of Pakistan.

This research was carried out in order to determine the performances of some cultivars and populations of grass pea under the conditions of Thrace Region. In the research 2 grass pea cultivars (Karadağ and Gürbüz-2001), and two populations provided from Tekirdağ-Muratlı-Yeşilsırt village and Diyarbakır were used as material. The study was carried out in three replications according to the randomized split block design at 3 locations such as Experimental Field of Field Crops Department of Agricultural Faculty of Namık Kemal University , Kırklareli Atatürk Soil, Water and Agricultural Meteorological Research Institute, Istanbul Silivri District, Alipaşa village. The cultivars and populations were sown in 4 rows with a length of 5 cm and a row spacing of 25 cm. In the study, plant height, green herbage yield, hay yield, seed yield and 1000 seed weight of the cultivars and populations were determined in the growing season of 2017.

Biochemical assessment of 6 grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) varieties with different origins was performed with a view to their use in the selection process. In the beginning of flowering stage with high crude protein content were distinguished BGE015741 (10.85%) and LA5108 (10.96%) varieties. In the technical maturity stage of the seeds, BGE015741 variety is of interest with maximum values of crude protein (28.44%), calcium (1.90%) and phosphorus content (0.29%). At the beginning of flowering, a positive correlation between green mass yield and crude ash content (r = 0.839), phosphorus (r = 0.761) and calcium (r = 0.361) was found and negative with crude fiber content (r = 0.863). In the technical maturity stage crude protein content in the seeds is negatively correlated with crude fiber (r= - 0.798) and with phosphorus content (r= - 0.208) and positive correlated with calcium (r=0.822) and crude ash (r=0.557). The indicators tested were found low variable in both phenological stages, especially in technical maturity, where coefficients of variation for crude fiber were 2.45%, for calcium - 2.50% and for phosphorus - 7.36%.

This study was carried out to assessment of heritability and relationships among agro-morphological characters and grain yield of 14 grass pea lines in two years at dry land farming condition. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the lines for number of days to maturity, grain filing duration and 100-seed weight in the first year and for all the characters expect biological yield in the second year. The results indicated that in average of two years the highest PCV, GCV and GA were related to 100-seed weight, grain yield and harvest index. Also, these characters had moderate value of broad sense heritability and expected genetic advance. Results of stepwise regression showed that harvest index, 100-seed weight, days to flowering and plant height in the first year, and harvest index, days to physiological maturity and 100-seed weight in the second year remained in the final model and explained 67% and 84% of yield variation, respectively. In the first year, 100-seed weight had the most positive direct effect on grain yield (0.94) and the largest indirect effect on grain yield was obtained from plant height via 100-seed weight. On the other hand, in the second year harvest index had the largest direct effect on grain yield. Consequently, according to our finding, 100-seed weight and harvest index could be used as selection criteria in grass pea breeding programs.

The aim of this investigation was to determine the forage and seed yield, relationships among its characters in some grass pea genotypes. This study was conducted between 2017-2020 at Field Crops Department, Agriculture Faculty, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Turkey in randomized block design with three replications. The characters which were determined in the study varied between; plant height 85.75-103.60 cm, number of branches/plant 5.40-6.42 pcs, number of pods/plant 19.12-27.66 pcs, pod width 9.57-11.60 mm, pod length 31.65-36.70 mm, number of seeds/pod 2.86-3.44 pcs, seed weight/pod 1.74-2.26 g, 1000-seed weight 218.88-260.26 g, seed yield 160.22-270.83 kg da-1 , herbage yield 1462.22-2226.67 kg da-1 and hay yield 564.18-373.74 kg da-1. The highest plant height, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant and seed yield were determined in genotype 'Karadağ'; however, the highest number of seeds/pod, herbage and hay yield were found in grass pea population 'Tekirdağ'.

Adequate potassium (K) nutrition is known to increase crop yields, including legumes. However, very little is known about the K requirements of crops in Pakistan, especially grass pea (Lathyrus
sativus L.). We evaluated K requirements of five elite grass pea genotypes in a field experiment. The experiment was organized in factorial block design with three replications. The study involved five commonly grown grass pea genotypes (Sel-B 111, Sel-449, Sel-190, Sel-1785 and Sel-945) and three K doses (0, 10 and 20 kg K ha-1). The results revealed that K nutrition and genotypic variation significantly (p<0.05) determined the yield of grass pea. However, their interaction remained non-significant for all the traits of grass pea under study. As
expected, the increasing rate of K significantly (p<0.05) increased various growth traits and yield of grass pea genotypes. The crop supplied with 20 kg K2O ha-1 produced maximum branches per plant (5.2), pods per plant (32.3), seeds per pod (4.7), seed index (82.7 g) and seed yield (2589 kg ha-1) when compared with 0.0 and 10 kg K2O ha-1. Interestingly, Sel-449 was the most responsive genotype to K nutrition which resulted in higher branches per plant (5.3), pods per plant (29.7), seeds per pod (4.5), seed index (87.3 g) and seed yield (2504 kg ha-1) as compared to its counterparts. The genotype Sel-1785 was much closer to Sel-449 for its growth and yield traits. We conclude from the results of this study that a dose of 20 kg K2O ha-1 proved to be the most beneficial. Moreover, the grass pea genotype Sel-449 was more responsive to potassium nutrition as compared to other genotypes. Hence, we recommend growing of Sel 449 at 20 kg K2O ha-1 for obtaining maximum yield of grass pea.