Grid Integration

We are simply running out of fossil fuel. So in near or far future we must move to the use of renewable energy. Bangladesh is an agricultural country. A large amount of cattle dung, agricultural residue, poultry dropping, water hyacinth, rice husk etc. are available in Bangladesh which are used for power generation [1]. Biomass gasification, a new and promising technology of power generation in Bangladesh. Electricity generated from biomass gasification can be used for the purpose of rural electrification, one of the crying need of Bangladesh. Already some private organizations are producing power from the biomass. This paper includes availability, proper selection and quality of biomass throughout the country and utilization of by-product released by the plant. In this paper, a case study is incorporated on biomass gasification in Bangladesh to generate power from rice husk.

In this paper, a novel algorithm based MPPT has been suggested for extracting maximum possible power from PV module. The proposed algorithm for controlling the MPPT is based upon the mostly used Perturb and Observe (P&O) method. Along with the proposed algorithm, different existing algorithms have been compared in terms of their tracking speed and implementation complexity. The solar module characteristics (I-V and P-V) have been simulated in MATLAB. The simulation results for various parameters of boost converter have also been obtained. In this paper, we discuss the results of our study of an improved maximum power point tracker (MPPT) of a PV system. The proposed MPPT algorithm is based on the incremental perturbation and observation (IP&O) strategy in which the perturbation steps have been increased to get closer to the maximum power point with minimum possible oscillations. The PV power system, using the proposed MPPT, will be able to optimally track maximum power points with minimum possible oscillation around maximum power points (MPPs). Consequently the light to electricity conversion efficiency can be improved significantly.

Intermittent renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, will become increasingly  important in the electricity supply mix if ambitious renewable energy targets are to be met. This paper  presents evidence on the effectiveness of different strategies and measures to increase the capacity  utilisation of wind and other intermittent renewable energy plants. As countries progress towards more  ambitious renewables penetration objectives, it is essential that the installed capacity does not end up idle  and the investment ‘wasted’. The analysis is based on data for 31 OECD countries over the period 1990- 2009. Wind speed, dispatchable power, transmission capacity and energy storage are found to have  positive and significant impacts on capacity utilisation. For example, if domestic grids are poorly  refurbished European countries will have to invest an additional USD 38 billion worth of investment in  wind power generating capacity by 2020 in order to meet the EU renewables objectives. Cross-border  electricity trade is also found to have a positive impact on wind power plant capacity utilisation, albeit only  at the high end of historic levels of penetration. Up to USD 25 billion worth of investment in wind power  capacity by 2020 could be avoided – while still meeting the objectives – if electricity trade within the European Union is enhanced.

This paper presents the complete modeling and simulation of Wave Energy Conversion System (WECS) driven doubly-fed induction generator with a closed-loop vector control system. Two Pulse Width Modulated voltage source (PWM) converters for both rotor-and stator-side converters have been connected back to back between the rotor terminals and utility grid via common dc link. The closed-loop vector control system is normally controlled by a set of PID controllers which have an important influence on the system dynamic performance. This paper presents a Multi-objective optimal PID controller design of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wave energy system connected to the electrical grid using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). PSO and GA are used to optimize the controller parameters of both the rotor and grid-side converters to improve the transient operation of the DFIG wave energy system under a fault condition as compared with the conventional methods to design PID controllers.

This paper investigates the integration of the offshore wind power plant into the grid using voltage source converter high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC). The paper proposes both offshore and onshore converter stations control to support voltage variation in grid. Heavy industrial loads result in a weak grid. In this paper, the effect on industrial loads by the grid strength is shown. Then the paper proposes a solution for the grid voltage support for industrial loads connected to weak grids. The results showed that the increase of grid voltage from 0.7 pu to 1 pu at full load condition that provides a continuous operation without any interruption. The system was modelled using MATLAB/Simulink package.

The transitional path towards a highly renewable power system based on wind and solar energy sources is investigated considering their intermittent and spatially distributed characteristics. Using an extensive weather-driven simulation of hourly power mismatches between generation and load, we explore the interplay between geographical resource complementarity and energy storage strategies. Solar and wind resources are considered at variable spatial scales across Europe and related to the Swiss load curve, which serve as a typical demand side reference. The optimal spatial distribution of renewable units is further assessed through a parameterized optimization method based on a genetic algorithm. It allows us to explore systematically the effective potential of combined integration strategies depending on the sizing of the system, with a focus on how overall performance is affected by the definition of network boundaries. Upper bounds on integration schemes are provided considering both renewable penetration and needed reserve power capacity. The quantitative trade-off between grid extension, storage and optimal wind-solar mix is highlighted. This paper also brings insights on how optimal geographical distribution of renewable units evolves as a function of renewable penetration and grid extent.

We are simply running out of fossil fuel. So in near or far future we must move to the use of renewable energy. Bangladesh is an agricultural country. A large amount of cattle dung, agricultural residue, poultry dropping, water hyacinth, rice husk etc. are available in Bangladesh which are used for power generation [1]. Biomass gasification, a new and promising technology of power generation in Bangladesh. Electricity generated from biomass gasification can be used for the purpose of rural electrification, one of the crying need of Bangladesh. Already some private organizations are producing power from the biomass. This paper includes availability, proper selection and quality of biomass throughout the country and utilization of by-product released by the plant. In this paper, a case study is incorporated on biomass gasification in Bangladesh to generate power from rice husk.

The recent trends show the interconnection of PV system with electric grid. With this configuration the issue of harmonics comes into existence. The mounting figure of power-electronic instruments has formed considerable impression on the power-quality of electric supply. Harmonics deformations have conventionally been handled amid the application of passive-LC filters. Active Filter has emerged as a good substitute for passive filters to reduce the harmonics to great extent as it has numerous benefits over the former filters. The active filter's most vital part is the applied control strategies. Several researches are being under process to advance the functioning of the filter. One of the important control requirements of filter is the regulation of DC link up capacitor voltage. Here the voltage supervision of capacitor is being done using PI controller. The paper show current harmonics compensation of PV grid connected system using PI controller based active filter. Simulation outcomes have been shown which displays the harmonics are within the IEEE boundaries.

"""The paper investigates the potential of using lumped stationary battery energy storage systems (BESS) in the public low-voltage distribution grid in order to defer upgrades needed in case of large penetration of electric vehicle (EV), electrified heat pump (HP) in presence of photovoltaic (PV) panel on the view of techno economic optimal sizing taking the consideration of season-based diurnal dynamics. The BESS is primarily dimensioned for the peak shaving operation targeted for the counterbalance of overloading of transformer; BESS also participates in arbitrage (buy low, sell high) application. The paper assesses the effects of a PV-BESS combination and the control of such a system with the help of a newly devised season specific BESS control protocol that ensures the availability of energy for peak-shaving purpose (namely peak period in winter) and it participates in arbitrage. The objective of this paper is to develop and detail the method of optimum sizing energy storage for grid connected distribution systems using newly devised BESS control protocol and investigate its sensitivity to factors which are known to influence energy system performance and hence storage requirements. The results provide insight into the dimensioning and the required specification and configuration of BESS.
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Worldwide, 1.4 billion people virtually live in darkness after sunset. New lighting technologies, such as light emitting diodes (LED), powered by renewable energy allow non-electrified communities to access for the first time in their lives clean, durable, affordable, and higher quality lighting service. The international NGOs play an important intermediary role in diffusion of these technologies to off-grid communities and commonly operate via development partnerships. With the goal of providing insights into the nature of these partnerships and factors that influence their effectiveness, the exploratory case study was conducted which examined and compared development partnerships promoting renewable energy powered lighting technologies in off-grid indigenous communities in Talamanca, Costa Rica. The study acknowledged the catalytic role of the international NGOs and emphasized the centrality of locally embedded organizations and their capacities in successful implementation of development interventions. A set of factors was identified that contribute to the effectiveness of the development partnership in renewable energy in off-grid communities.