HVAC

Abstract For indoor environments, thermal discomfort must be clearly distinguished from the air pollution caused by outdoor air as well as by inside polluting agents. Full air conditioning of a room requires the introduction of a minimum ventilation air flow whose characteristics ...

During severe solar storms HVAC transformers used by utilities of dimensional size similar to a medium sized house are subject to catastrophic failure.

As these transformers have very long commissioning and repair schedules their failure poses a catastrophic risk.

Large parts of grids that depend on their existence of these AC transformers can be rendered nonfunctioning when the mega transformers fail.

This catastrophe can be avoided by using simple voltage
division and current division principals implemented in the form of redundant arrays of smaller HVAC transformers.

Energy saving estimation model (ESEM) use normal distribution (Gaussian) probability theory to predict potential savings for previously determined system improvements. Those improvements are low/high cost investments based on data gathered during one year monitoring of typical hypermarket facility HVAC system. The consumption of electrical energy and natural gas has been monitored and system segments with largest amount of energy consumption have been marked. Gathered data pointed out to fan units as the biggest energy consumers and suggested that system energy-saving improvement must be focused on fans energy consumption control. This paper deals with ESEM inputs and outputs in order to provide correct financial estimation of specific investment.► Energy consumption of hypermarket systems was monitored and biggest energy consumers were located. ► Low/high cost improvements were selected for several HVAC system. ► All gathered data is processed with normal distribution based ESEM mo...

Building sector is responsible for at least 40% of energy use in most countries worldwide around 33% of its energy is known to be used by HVAC systems in buildings. Tall buildings tend to have an increasing appetite for energy due to deep plans and provision of HVAC to maintain comfort levels especially in the Middle East with its hostile environmental conditions. However, the region has a tradition of successful climatic conscious design solutions; therefore, the paper aims to investigate the impacts of applying the traditional layout of courtyards to contemporary tall buildings in the form of atria. It also examines through a simulation technique the comparative energy consumption in relation to a number of different atria layouts. Moreover, it provides insight of the differences in energy consumption to maintain comfort levels of different layouts in tall office buildings. Dynamic Thermal Simulation (DTS) tool called Design Builder is used to achieve the aim. The software provides results of the prototypes over an annual period of time. By using Design Builder DTS tool the optimum form of atria type has been verified in semi-arid climate for rectangular and square plan shapes. It is concluded that rectangular shape buildings aligned on the east-west axis with atria orientated towards south seem to be the best option in using less energy to provide thermal comfort annually.

Buildings and skyscrapers in low temperature region require an air conditioning or a HVAC heating system to raise the temperature of the room that can make the room user feels comfortable. The working process of HVAC heating system is implemented on PLC Modicon TM221CE40R-based simulator in the BAS control console. The plant of BAS control console HVAC systems sub-units simulator is using a double ducting system that the ducting of heating using heat source from the heat waste of condenser and also heater that all integrated with humidity control systems that are humidifier and dehumidifier. BAS control console sub-units HVAC system has been reengineered in a way that the plant of simulator HVAC heating system can be implemented properly. Plant input parameters can be changed by using a potentiometer or a switch. The working process of HVAC simulator plant can be controlled and the system status also able to be monitored by a visual form in the Wonderware InTouch-based HMI and also on the simulator at the control console by the indicator lights form. The working process of the system has its capability according to its functions and with appropriate standardization of the characteristics of the actual plant. The PLC was programmed to control the system and able to communicate with the programmed master PLC using the Modbus Protocol TCP / IP communication system with star topology.

Keywords: HVAC; Heating; Console; Renovation; PLC; HMI; Modbus TCP/IP Protocol.

CFD elaborates itself as computational fluid dynamics is a numerical technique to understand vide variety of complex flows in various engineering components. It helps at an earlier stage to analyze, optimize and predict the performance of component to make better decisions. Application of it are in various fields ranging from aerodynamics to HVAC internal flow in a duct system. The paper tries to compare the hand calculation with the cfd results for a 3d plenum box. Investigating for a better optimized design. Various factors like velocity, flowrate, backpressure etc. are taken into consideration.

Ever since the invention of motors, a lot of advancements have taken place in this field of
Engineering and it has become a subject of extreme importance for modern engineers
The aim of this paper work is to discuss the various means of carrying out (engineering) maintenance on electric motors.
On a general note, Engineering Maintenance involves the application of engineering concepts to the optimization of equipment and procedures to achieve better maintainability, reliability, and availability of equipment. As such, the same applies when narrowed down to specific engineering components like the electric motors. In other words, since the electric motor is the workhouse of any industry, their maintenance must seek to ensure reliability and prevention of breakdown (so as to always make the equipment available)

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) are the technology of indoor and parking environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality (IAQ). H.V.A.C system design is a sub-discipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of Thermodynamics (TD), Fluid Mechanics (FM) and Heat Transfer.
Heating - is often used in winter season (i.e. cold climate) to heat private houses or commercial buildings etc. Heaters are mechanism whose purpose is to produce heat (i.e. warmth) the building. This can be done via central heating. Heating systems usually comprise of a boiler, furnace or heat pump to heat water, steam, or air in a central location such as a furnace room in a home, or a mechanical room in a large building. There is a three modes of heat transferred i.e. conduction, convection and radiation.
Ventilation - is the way of changing or replacing natural air in any space to control temperature or eliminate any combination of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, or carbon dioxide, and to return oxygen. Ventilation process includes both the interchange of air with the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality (IAQ) in buildings. Two types of ventilation methods are used Mechanical (Forced) and Natural Ventilation types.
Air conditioning - (Referred to as A/C) is the process of removing heat and moisture from the interior of an occupied space, to improve the comfort of occupants. A/C can be used in both domestic and commercial environments. An air-conditioning system provides cooling and humidity management for all or part of a building. Air conditioned buildings typically have sealed windows, as a result of open windows would work against the system supposed to keep up constant indoor air conditions. Outside, fresh air is mostly drawn into the system by a vent into the indoor heat exchanger section, creating positive air pressure. The percentage of return air made up of fresh air can usually be manipulated by adjusting the opening of this vent. Typical fresh air intake is about10%-15%.
M.S. Institute of Engineering is fasted growing institute in Hyderabad to provide HVAC and all other related. We are having the best teachers and they have field experience. We are also assisting our students to get the job in India and Abroad.

Client was looking for a solution to enable BACnet MS/TP interface for its VFD drive in HVAC system. In addition, client also wanted support in minimizing the complexity in testing.
Client selected SoftDEL for its BACnet stack development and testing expertise.

Energy saving estimation model (ESEM) use normal distribution (Gaussian) probability theory to predict potential savings for previously determined system improvements. Those improvements are low/high cost investments based on data gathered during one year monitoring of typical hypermarket facility HVAC system. The consumption of electrical energy and natural gas has been monitored and system segments with largest amount of energy consumption have been marked. Gathered data pointed out to fan units as the biggest energy consumers and suggested that system energy-saving improvement must be focused on fans energy consumption control. This paper deals with ESEM inputs and outputs in order to provide correct financial estimation of specific investment.

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Maintaining optimal temperature and air circulation
are the basis of a comfortable indoor environment. This role is
played by HVAC(Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning)
systems. All heating, ventilation and air conditioning system
account for 60% of the World's total energy consumption this
calls for a sustainable solutions for HVAC systems. We discuss
many of such techniques used around the globe in this paper. The
main objective is to minimise the energy consumption by shifting
towards natural renewable sources while maintaining the
required comfort level of a building.

This paper presents a conceptual design of a multizone HVAC controller based on a wireless sensor network that aims to optimize energy consumption while maintaining the comfort level of users. The proposed system is capable of learning the occupancy pattern of the residents in the building. Moreover, it is transparent (requires no manual configuration). Wireless sensor network technology is used to collect the required measurements for the control system, simulation results are used to demonstrate the system performance in terms of power consumption and comfort level Additionally, a comparison between the proposed system and other HVAC control systems is presented. The results show that the proposed system is capable of providing a major energy savings.