Hadrami Identity

The 'Periplus of the Red Sea' was written around the year 70 CE by an anonymous Alexandrian Egyptian merchant and captain, who certainly had personal experience in vast parts of that navigation and trade network area, and wished to compile a kind of guide for sailors and traders.

As the 'Periplus of the Red Sea' describes navigation routes, in the first (from Arsinoe / Suez to Rhapta / Dar es Salam) sea route, the coasts of Somalia occupy the largest part of the text (paragraph 8 to paragraph 18 out of a total of 18 paragraphs). In the first 7 paragraphs of the text, the author describes the navigation (from to) and the trade in harbours and ports of call in the coasts of today's Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea.
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The entire coast beyond Adulis up to Avalites on the Bab el Mandeb straits belonged reportedly to Axum. Beyond that point extended 'I Alli Berberia', the Other Berberia.

The 7th Chapter of the Periplus of the Red Sea is dedicated to Avalites. We find useful to publish it here integrally so that we give the reader full details about the Other Berberia.
http://www.afroarticles.com/article-dashboard/Article/Somalia--the-Other-Berberia--Abyssinia--Yemen-and-the-Periplus-of-the-Red-Sea/101573
2008-05-16

In an earlier article published under the title ‘Devastating HRW Report on Yemen Reveals Need for Instant Secession of the South’
(http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/133889), I republished part of the enlightening HRW Report on South Yemen, namely the Contents, the Summary, and the Recommendations. In the present article, I republish further parts, notably the Methodology and the Background, including however again the Contents in order to offer a brief overview to readers. At the end, the notes to the aforementioned parts are made available.

Although the Report focuses on violations of Human Rights in occupied South Yemen, a brief historical background is added (that I integrally republish herewith). The background’s largest part is dedicated to the mechanisms of control and oppression, and to Yemenite politics after the forced unification. Yet, two paragraphs are included for the description of Yemenite History’s earlier phases. The over-generalizations, misconceptions, oversights and inaccuracies found therein reveal the epicenter of the problem that lies in the false representation of the historical reality by the Anglo-French academia.

Only because of the Orientalist fallacies and their totalitarian imposition throughout the Western academia and universities, the world’s mass media (controlled by those who generate the Orientalist fallacies) manage to be successful in their systematic work of distortion of today’s reality. With the average people misinformed and misled, the Freemasonic regimes of London, Paris and Washington face practically speaking no opposition to their shameful and Anti-Christian deeds.

I will first refute in brief the inaccuracies contained in these two paragraphs, and then proceed with the Report’s republication.
9 February 2010
http://www.afroarticles.com/article-dashboard/Article/Yemen-s-History-Distorted-to-Fit-Freemasonic-Anglo-French-Goals---HRW-Report-s-Background/199739

As far as the history of Yemen is concerned, the 'Periplus of the Erythraean (Red) Sea' is a valuable source of information – among many other similar sources – written in Ancient Greek by an Egyptian captain and merchant of Alexandria in the second half of the 1st CE.

The text offers no less than 19 of its 66 paragraphs to the area of the then Yemenite states and of their colonies on the Eastern Coast of Africa. If we only count that the text starts with the description of the Red Sea coast of Egypt and goes down to the coast of today’s Tanzania, and then it continues with the narration of details about the coast of Arabia, and – after Yemen – the Persian Gulf, the coast of Persia, Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka, finally ending with a brief account of the way to reach China through Indochina, we deduce that the significance of Yemen within the East – West trade and navigation must have been seminal.
Also published in AfroArticles: 22nd March 2008
Presented as video:
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3xx14b_hadhramaut-the-frankincense-bearing-country-by-prof-muhammad-shamsaddin-megalommatis_school

This article charts the history of a mid-nineteenth century Ḥaḍramī mausoleum in Surabaya, East Java. Officially known as the mausoleum of the Ḥaḍramī saints Muḥammad b. ʿAydarūs al-Ḥabashī (d. 1919) and Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Miḥḍār (d. 1926), the tombstones around the saints’ graves reveal that the edifice was built in honor of Pangeran Ḥasan b. ʿUmar al-Ḥabashī (d. 1854), a wealthy Ḥaḍramī entrepreneur and diplomat who served the Dutch colonial authority. The article observes the processes through which the family mausoleum of the Pangeran became known as the mausoleum of two saintly figures. It argues that the internment of the saints in the mausoleum initiated discursive and liturgical developments that resulted in its transfiguration into a devotional site with new histories that gradually eclipsed its prior identity. Such developments included the production of hagiographic texts and the institutions of ritual practice and commemorations, all of which inadvertently neglected the mausoleum’s prior history and inflected its identity.

The region that is today defined as the Governorate of Hadhramaut within the Republic of Yemen has had a chequered sociopolitical past. Since the 19th century, the region has been part of two independent local states, a British Protectorate, and after 1967 it has formed part of the Southern and subsequently of the unified Yemeni state. During this historical period, and in spite of attempts at integrating the region into larger political structures, the population of Hadhramaut has retained a particular hadhrami identity. So much so, that the recently concluded Yemeni National Dialogue Conference recommended the transformation of Yemen into a six-region federal state, one of which would be Hadhramaut.

The aim of this paper is therefore to illustrate Hadhrami claims of exceptionality by looking at three distinct episodes in the region’s recent history: the relationship between the Eastern Aden Protectorate and the Federation of South Arabia; the post-independence Maoist takeover of the then Fifth governorate; and the ways in which Hadhrami youth participated in the country-wide demonstrations against president Salih and their relationship to the Southern Movement.

In an earlier article published under the title ‘Devastating HRW Report on Yemen Reveals Need for Instant Secession of the South’
(http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/133889), I republished part of the enlightening HRW Report on South Yemen, namely the Contents, the Summary, and the Recommendations. In the present article, I republish further parts, notably the Methodology and the Background, including however again the Contents in order to offer a brief overview to readers. At the end, the notes to the aforementioned parts are made available.

Although the Report focuses on violations of Human Rights in occupied South Yemen, a brief historical background is added (that I integrally republish herewith). The background’s largest part is dedicated to the mechanisms of control and oppression, and to Yemenite politics after the forced unification. Yet, two paragraphs are included for the description of Yemenite History’s earlier phases. The over-generalizations, misconceptions, oversights and inaccuracies found therein reveal the epicenter of the problem that lies in the false representation of the historical reality by the Anglo-French academia.

Only because of the Orientalist fallacies and their totalitarian imposition throughout the Western academia and universities, the world’s mass media (controlled by those who generate the Orientalist fallacies) manage to be successful in their systematic work of distortion of today’s reality. With the average people misinformed and misled, the Freemasonic regimes of London, Paris and Washington face practically speaking no opposition to their shameful and Anti-Christian deeds.

I will first refute in brief the inaccuracies contained in these two paragraphs, and then proceed with the Report’s republication.
9 February 2010
http://www.afroarticles.com/article-dashboard/Article/Yemen-s-History-Distorted-to-Fit-Freemasonic-Anglo-French-Goals---HRW-Report-s-Background/199739