Hotspots

“The Mediterranean has become the world’s most deadly crossing point for migrants. In 2015, there were 856,732 recorded arrivals in Greece as well as an estimated total of more than 6,600 missing persons or deaths in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean routes in 2015 and first half of 2016.1 The aim of this briefing paper is to assess how Greece responded to this influx, and identify lessons for addressing situations of large scale refugee movement at a European and global level. Based on research and fieldwork in Greece, mainly in Athens and Lesbos, this paper focuses on the critical period October 2015-May 2016 which saw high flows of asylum seekers into Greece and which predates the EU-Turkey deal agreed in March 2016. The paper focuses on the ways in which the Greek government and EU struggled to address the crisis during that period, outlining the challenges of implementing sustainable solutions and efficient policies given obstacles at national and European level. In particular, it focuses on the island of Lesbos, the main entry point of refugees from Turkey to Greece particularly on the island’s reception capacity. The findings highlight the need for a more effective common asylum system in the EU that includes adequate support and assistance to frontline states, and makes some suggestions for preventing future crises in situations of large-scale arrivals.”

Based on age determinations, plate tectonic reconstructions and systematically different Pb and Nd isotope ratios, two individual hotspot tracks (Madeira and Canary track) are proposed to explain the broad belt of intraplate volcanism in the East Atlantic between 25

Abstract We apply the concept of biodiversity hotspot analysis (the identification of biogeographical regions of high species diversity) to identify invasion hotspots–areas of potentially suitable climate for multiple non-native plant species–in Australia under current and future climates. We used the species distribution model Maxent to model climate suitability surfaces for 72 taxa, recognized as 'Weeds of National Significance'(WoNS) in Australia, under current and projected climate for 2020 and 2050. Current climate ...

Der EU-Türkei-Deal vom 18. März 2016 bildet eine der zentralen Antworten auf die (Flucht-)Migration nach Europa in den Jahren 2015/16, die als sogenannte ›Flüchtlingskrise‹ rezipiert wurde. Einerseits sollte Migration drastisch reduziert und andererseits eine humanitäre Aufnahme von Geflüchteten aus der Türkei nach Europa ermöglicht werden. Doch anstelle eines ausgeklügelten Systems der Rückübernahme hat die EU-Türkei-Erklärung zu einer umfassenden Entrechtung von MigrantInnen geführt.

Der militarisierte Grenzschutz wurde aufgestockt und viele Fliehende werden gewaltsam an der Flucht über die Ägäis gehindert. Die griechischen Hotspot-Inseln vor der türkischen Küste wurden in Sonderrechts-Zonen und Freiluftgefängnisse verwandelt, in denen Menschen über Monate und Jahre ausharren und auf die Entscheidung ihres Asylverfahrens warten müssen. Nach der Rückführung in die Türkei werden die meisten Menschen dort inhaftiert und schließlich weiter in ihr Herkunftsland abgeschoben.

Der formal und rechtlich nicht kodifizierte EU-Türkei Deal bildet somit eine Blau-pause der europäischen Externalisierung von Migrationskontrolle in außereuropäische Drittstaaten. Dies führt zu einer grundlegenden Entrechtung von Schutz-suchenden und zur Aushöhlung des europäischen Asylsystems.

Wireless Information Delivery Environment (WIDE) is a distributed data dissemination system, which uses IEEE 802.11b technology. WIDE aims to deliver popular information services to registered mobile clients in WLAN hot spots. Data delivery is based on broadcasting and multicasting. S ystem specific reliability mechanisms are needed because of the unreliable medium and transport protocol. Reliability is assured with a combination of the Forward Error Correction (FEC), the data carousel and the ARQ techniques. This paper presents the proposed system architecture with the details of reliable data delivery mechanisms. Performance evaluation results of the proposed reliability mechanisms using the implemented prototype are also included in this paper.

Data Center in common words is storage room of computers along with the components of it forperforming the essential tasks such as communication, processing and so on. In order, to perform with optimal efficiency data centers should efficiently cater the requested information by the client. The data center is composed of many processing nodes. A “Hotspot ” can occur in the datacenter if some of nodes are overloaded and others aren’t. So, to prevent “Hotspot”, techniques of Load balancing along with Caching with RAID concept could be adopted. Load balancing is necessary as the data center should work in networking environment. Caching is necessary for the speedy information supply. RAID concept is proven as one of the best method in achieving the redundancy in a cost effective manner. Load balancing algorithms not only identify the non overloaded node, but also identify the correct path for the smooth transfer. We propose a novel approach of path finder algorithm which works in the c...

This study used Monte Carlo methods to generate simulations that considered the effort distribution to determine the locations of significant aggregations of cetacean sightings inside the northern Pelagos Sanctuary (north-western Mediterranean Sea). For three years, monitoring has been conducted from five motor vessels covering about 30,050 km. The most frequently encountered species were the striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba representing 64.7% of all sightings, the fin whale Balaenoptera physalus (17.0%), Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris (9.9%), Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus (4.3%) and the sperm whale Physeter catodon (2.2%). Sightings' positions and effort coverage were distributed over a grid of 5′ longitude and 5′ latitude. Spatial concentrations of sightings were analysed according to the distribution of effort to identify ‘hotspots’ (locations where the species occurred at a significantly greater frequency than expected), and ‘coldspots’ (locations w...

The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) was established by the Conference of Parties in 2002 to decrease the loss of plant diversity, reduce poverty and contribute to sustainable development. To achieve this overarching goal, the GSPC has established a series of targets, one of which is to ensure that plant diversity is well understood, so that it can be effectively conserved and used in a sustainable manner. Brazil hosts more than 46,000 species of plants, algae and fungi, representing one of the most biodiverse countries on Earth, and playing a key role in the SPC. To meet the GSPC goals of Target 1 and facilitate access to plant diversity, Brazil committed to preparing the List of Species of the Brazilian Flora (2008–2015) and the Brazilian Flora 2020 (2016–present). Managing all the information associated with such great biodiversity has proven to be an extremely challenging task. Here, we synthesize the history of these projects, focusing on the multidisciplinary and collaborative approach adopted to develop and manage the inclusion of all the knowledge generated though digital information systems. We further describe the methods used, challenges faced, and strategies adopted, as well as summarize advances to date and prospects for completing the Brazilian flora in 2020.

Spatial hotspots according to the transmission periods (as described in Table 1) year from 2010 to 01-04 to 2014-12-31. Source: Burkina Faso, Base Nationale de Découpage du territoire (BNDT, 2006); shapefile downloaded from www.maplibrary.org . The map background (raster) is captured from https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=12/12.6228/-2.1622 . Maps created by Toussaint Rouamba, 2018. (PDF 931 kb)