Human Rights Violation

La jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos ha tenido un impacto trascendental en la forma como el Consejo de Estado de Colombia viene reparando a victimas de graves violaciones de derechos humanos, desde hace algunos anos. Asi, se ha pasado de una mera indemnizacion pecuniaria a una verdadera indemnizacion integral, siguiendo para tales efectos los lineamientos que ha dado la Corte Interamericana en sus pronunciamientos. Para ello, el maximo Tribunal Administrativo ha aplicado el denominado control de convencionalidad y ha incorporado dentro de su jurisprudencia medidas de justicia restaurativa conforme al principio de restitutio in integrum y de reparacion integral, llegando inclusive a abordar el tema de la reparacion transformadora. Palabras clave: Control de convencionalidad, reparacion, victimas, Colombia, Consejo de Estado y Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Abstract: Since few years ago, the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Righ...

Judith Jarvis Thomson and others contend that rights are pro-tanto rather than absolute, that is, that rights may permissibly be infringed in some circumstances. Alan Gewirth maintains that there are some rights that are absolute because infringing them would amount to unspeakable evil. However, there seem to be possible circumstances in which it would be permissible to infringe even those rights. Specificationists, such as Gerald Gaus, Russ Shafer-Landau, Hillel Steiner and Kit Wellman, argue that all rights are absolute because they have implicit exceptions, the exceptions being either right-voiding or right-compatible. Specificationists have charged pro-tantoism with preventing rights from being action-guiding, and pro-tantoists have levelled the same charge against specificationism. I show that both charges are mistaken. Pro-tantoists claim that specificationists cannot account for the moral remainder that we recognise in some circumstances and which can be explained by reference to a permissible right-infringement. Specificationists retort that the moral remainder can be explained by invoking compensation-rights. I show that the pro-tantoist claim is true and that the specificationist retort is false on two counts: explanation in terms of compensation-rights is not applicable to all cases; and it fails to account for the moral dynamic in the cases to which it is applicable. The contention that rights are pro-tanto does not conflict with the substance of the contention that rights are trumps, despite claims of specificationists to the contrary.

The fight against the violation of human rights in Africa is far from its end. The continent is inundated by massive violations of human rights to a point where the process to create and maintain workable instrumental, institutional, and structural mechanisms to help in consolidating and protecting the hard-earned gains of the freedom struggles of the past has become a struggle in its own rights. The creation of a regional human rights system under the auspices of the African Union (AU) is part of the struggle to maintain and protect these rights. This system

"Książka „ Macedoński problem narodowy w Grecji w dokumentach Komunistycznej Partii Grecji 1918-1940" jest jedyną książką w języku polskim traktującym problem macedoński w Grecji w okresie międzywojnia. Książka po raz pierwszy przedstawia oryginalne greckie dokumenty KPG w tłumaczeniu na język polski. Format B5, 174 strony, wykresy, mapy i zdjęcia, 5 tytułów i jeden załącznik.
1. Problemy narodowościowe w Europie a polityka Międzynarodówki Komunistycznej (Europa Środkowa, Bałkany, Królestwo Grecji, Bułgaria, Europa)
2. „Ani państwowość, ani narodowość” (1918–1924),
3. „Państwowość bez narodowości” (1924–1931),
4. „Narodowość bez państwowości” (1935–1940),
5. Realne motywy zmiany polityki Komunistycznej Partii Grecji w stosunku do hasła „Zjednoczona i niepodległa Macedonia”. Spis map, Bibliografia, Załącznik.
Książka jest skierowana dla studentów historii, nauk politycznych, bałkanistyki, slawistyki, macedonistyki, neogrecystyki, politologii oraz osób zainteresowanych łamaniem praw człowieka. Książka również pokazuje dlaczego Macedończycy przyłączyli się do ruchu komunistycznego w Grecji, jedynego który obiecywał im po dojściu do władzy KPG w Grecji uzyskanie takich samych praw jakie posiadali Grecy."

On April, 17 th 2019 the EU parliament decided to expand the resources of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, the so called Frontex, up to 10.000 permanent corps until 2027. Together with this increase in human resources, they will expand their budget from 330 million up to 1,6 billion euros until 2021. That is an increase of more than 500%. Currently, there are approximately 1,500 employees working at Frontex. To fulfill the aim of 5,000 permanent workers until 2021, there has to be an increase of more than 250% just in the section of human resources and just in two years. But on which costs?

Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) adalah pencapaian terbaik umat manusia di zaman modern. Pengalaman pahit sejarah kelam umat manusia baik karena perbudakan ataupun karena kerusakan dan kekejian akibat perang dunia I dan II telah mengajarkan para pemimpin bangsa-bangsa di dunia untuk menyepakati pijakan bersama dalam mengelola perbedaan. Deklarasi Universal HAM (DUHAM) dan berbagai perjanjian/kovenan lainnya adalah bentuk-bentuk komitemen anggota PBB untuk hidup bersama dalam tatanan dunia yang damai. Tapi di atas segalanya, HAM memiki tujuan luhur mendorong pemerintah-pemerintah negara anggota PBB untuk memajukan berbagai upaya melindungi, menghormati dan memenuhi hak-hak dasar manusia demi tercapainya perikehidupan manusia yang adil, beradab dan bermartabat.

Bab 3 ini merupakan bagian dari buku "Modul Pendidikan Perdamaian Berperspektif Islam dan HAM". Bab ini membahas beberapa aspek penting mengenai Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) yang mencakup pengertian dan prinsip-prinsip HAM, jenis-jenis pelanggaran HAM, serta beberapa contoh kasus pelanggaran HAM. Dalam bab ini juga dibahas secara singkat sejarah kelahiran Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia (DUHAM) Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB), instrumen hukum HAM dan mekanisme penegakan HAM secara nasional maupun internasional. Terkahir Bab ini juga membahas bagaimana mekanisme HAM yang berlaku di Organisasi Kerjasama Islam (OKI).

A vibrant and functioning civil society needs spaces to express itself in a variety of ways and opportunities to unfold. However, shrinking civic spaces are more and more to be traced. Many groups such as human rights activists and artists are affected and the declining of pre-political spaces takes many forms. To assist these activists an increasing amount of protection programmes have been developed in recent years.<br> This study examines the protection programmes from different angles in order to formulate the challenges of these initiatives and to seek solutions for an increasing effectiveness in future programmes.

В роботі досліджується судова практика Європейського суду з прав людини щодо здійсння відшкодування державою шкоди, завданою порушенням прав людини. На підставі цього дослідження зроблено оцінювання найбільш ефективних способів та моделй (процедур) здійснення такого відшкодування, оцінювання розміру заподіяння шкоди та категорій відшкодування  шкоди. В роботі пропонується  проект стандартів  державної компенсації за порушення прав людини.

Over the past two decades, the armed forces have increasingly been asked to take an active role in the fight against the rampant crime in Latin America. Since the militaries in this region are not always trained to conduct themselves with restraint, the possibility of excesses and human rights violations is always latent. Despite that prospect, there is a high level of public support for military counter-crime interventions throughout the region. The key argument in this article is that when the Latin American public supports military interventions to combat crime, it makes a comparative judgment call about the relative efficacy of military vs. police conduct in domestic security roles. Latin American citizens have very low confidence in the capacity of the police to fight crime effectively and to respect human rights. They place more trust in the armed forces as an institution capable of performing effectively and in accordance with human rights standards and the rule of law. This ...

On 15 March, the South African government declared a national state of disaster in
terms of the Disaster Management Act 57 of 2002. On 23 March, President Cyril
Ramaphosa announced that South Africa would enter a nationwide lockdown. Many of the lockdown regulations, such as specified times as to when one was allowed to run or walk, where one was allowed to walk, the curfew that was in place between 8
pm and 5 am, and that retail stores were only being allowed to sell certain items
but not others, including the ban on the sale of alcohol and cigarettes seemed to
be nonsensical arbitrary rules that have had no basis or justification in law, science or epidemiology.

In chapter 2 of the South African Constitution, citizens are guaranteed certain inalienable fundamental human rights, which include –
• the right to human dignity (s 10);
• the right to freedom and security of
the person (s 12);
• freedom of assembly and the right to
protest (s 17);
• freedom of movement (s 21);
• the right to education (s 29); and
• the right of cultural, religious or linguistic communities to enjoy their culture, and practice their religion (s 31).

A pertinent question arising from this, is whether the regulations to combat the
COVID-19 pandemic and which infringe on various fundamental human rights, violate the South African Constitution or whether it is a justifiable infringement
in an open and democratic society based on dignity, equality and freedom.

Together with the Institute for European Tort Law, ECTIL is the co-editor of the Yearbook European Tort Law, an annual publication until the end of 2009 by Springer (Vienna/New York) and since 2010 by De Gruyter (Berlin/Boston). which summarizes the most important developments in tort law throughout Europe for each year.