Hypergeometric Function

Brizolis asked the question: does every prime p have a pair (g,h) such that h is a fixed point for the discrete logarithm with base g? The first author previously extended this question to ask about not only fixed points but also two-cycles, and gave heuristics (building on work of Zhang, Cobeli, Zaharescu, Campbell, and Pomerance) for estimating the number of such pairs given certain conditions on g and h. In this paper we extend these heuristics and prove results for some of them, building again on the aforementioned work. We also make some new conjectures and prove some average versions of the results.

"In this article, we have derived the probability density functions of the productand the quotient of two independent random variables having Gauss hypergeometricdistribution. These densities have been expressed in terms of Appell'srst hypergeometric function F1. Further, Renyi and Shannon entropies havealso been derived for the Gauss hypergeometric distribution"

In this article, by the use of a further generalization of the algebraic method of separation of variables, the Dirac equation is separated in a family of space-times where it is not possible to find a complete set of first order commuting differential operators. After separation of variables, the Dirac equation is reduced to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations and some exact solutions corresponding to cosmological backgrounds and gravitational waves are computed in terms of hypergeometric functions. The Klein-Gordon equation in this background field is also discussed.

We present explicit expressions of the Poisson kernels for geodesic balls in the higher dimensional spheres and real hyperbolic spaces. As a consequence, the Dirichlet problem for the projective space is explicitly solved. Comparison of different expressions for the same Poisson kernel lead to interesting identities concerning special functions.

The null geodesic equations that describe motion of photons in Kerr spacetime are solved exactly in the presence of the cosmological constant Λ. The exact solution for the deflection angle for generic light orbits (i.e. non-polar, non-equatorial) is calculated in terms of the generalized hypergeometric functions of Appell and Lauricella. We then consider the more involved issue in which the black hole acts as a `gravitational lens'. The constructed Kerr black hole gravitational lens geometry consists of an observer and a source located far away and placed at arbitrary inclination with respect to the black hole's equatorial plane. The resulting lens equations are solved elegantly in terms of Appell-Lauricella hypergeometric functions and the Weierstrass elliptic function. We then, systematically, apply our closed form solutions for calculating the image and source positions of generic photon orbits that solve the lens equations and reach an observer located at various values ...

Throughout the present note we abbreviate the set of p parameters a1,…,ap by (ap), with similar interpretations for (bq), etc. Also, by [(ap)]m we mean the product , where [λ]m = Г(λ + m)/ Г(λ), and so on. One of the main results we give here is the expansion formula(1)which is valid, by analytic continuation, when, p,q,r,s,t and u are nonnegative integers such that p+r < q+s+l (or p+r = q+s+l and |zω| <1), p+t < q+u (or p + t = q + u and |z| < 1), and the various parameters including μ are so restricted that each side of equation (1) has a meaning.