Ico

The data economy is predicted to boom and become a 156B dollars business by 2025. In this demo we introduce the use of distributed ledger technologies (DLT) applied to digital surveys in order to create an ecosystem where data becomes a central piece of a complex economy. Our system allows for interesting key features; ownership, traceability, secure profiles, and anonymity where required. Also, the most important feature, is the incentive mechanism that rewards all participants, both users creating surveys and those answering the surveys. DSurvey

Cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin or ethereum are gaining ground not only as alternative modes of payment, but also as platforms for financial innovation, particularly through token sales (ICOs). All of these ventures are based on decentralized, permissionless blockchain technology whose distinguishing characteristics are their openness to, and the formal equality of, participants. However, recent cryptocurrency crises have shown that these architectures lack robust governance frameworks and are therefore prone to patterns of re-centralization: they are informally dominated by coalitions of powerful players within the cryptocurrency ecosystem who may violate basic rules of the blockchain community without accountability or sanction.

Against this background, this paper makes two novel contributions. First, it suggests that cryptocurrency and token-based ecosystems can be fruitfully analyzed as complex systems that have been studied for decades in complexity theory and that have recently gained prominence in financial regulation, too. It applies these insights to three key case studies: the Bitcoin Hard Fork of 2013; the Ethereum hard fork of 2016, following the DAO hack; and the ongoing Bitcoin scaling debate. Second, the paper argues that complexity-induced uncertainty can be reduced, and elements of stability and order strengthened, by adapting a corporate governance framework to blockchain-based organizations: cryptocurrencies, and decentralized applications built on top of them via token sales. Most importantly, the resulting “comply or explain” approach combines transparency and accountability with the necessary flexibility that allows cryptocurrency developers to continue to experiment for the sake of innovation. Eventually, however, the coordination of these activities may necessitate the establishment of an “ICANN for blockchains”.

This article argues that paying attention to the specifics of a videogame involves a difficult problem of interpreting the meaning of repeated acts. A hermeneutic framework is developed by examining the PlayStation 2 game Ico through Melanie Klein’s object-relations psychoanalysis. The author argues that the controller functions as a semi-autonomous unconscious space that mediates unconscious phantasy and emotions, and therefore represents a privileged space for analysis. The article demonstrates the difference between a traditional close reading and a ludic close-reading by applying the tools to Ico in order to show how the game develops from a paranoid to a depressive style of play.

The article deals with a new financial tool of attracting capital, known as Initial Coin Offering (ICO). In conditions
of reduced banking lending and difficult access to finance for SMEs, ICO is viewed to be one of the possible ways to access
capital. It considers the main advantages and disadvantages of ICO performance, including its typical features, challenges
and regulatory approaches to tax regulation, cybersecurity. The authors of the article determine stages of the ICO mechanism,
identifying potential risks and ways to mitigate them, focusing primarily on the need to control and regulate ICO projects. The
authors identify the main types of ICO funding, including hybrid and pure funding. The research contains an analysis of ICO
trends and their duration for the period of 2013-2017. The capital raised through ICO performance over the period of 2013-2017
is analysed, and determination of the exponential trend line showing the level of its approximation is determined. The study
covers the territorial distribution of ICO, in which the top positions regarding the amount of capital raised by ICO are attributed
to the USA and EU member states. The existence of ICO regulation in European countries, such as Switzerland and UK, was
defined positive in terms of further development of the relevant regulation in the financial market. The article considers the best
ICO practices in EU member states. To mitigate risks relating to ICO performance and to increase the level of investment, it
would be reasonable to create regulatory rules in every country where cases of ICO performance are reported, based on the
practice of the mentioned European countries. The authors give recommendations regarding ICO regulation in Ukraine, taking
into consideration the relevant European experience.

Following in the footsteps of pioneer Bitcoin, many altcoins as well as coloured coins have been being developed and merchandised adopting blockchain as the core enabling technology. However, since interoperability and scalability, due to high and capped (in particular cases) transaction latency are deep-rooted in the architecture of blockchain technology, they are by default inherited in any blockchain based applications. Lightning Network (LN) is one of the supporting technologies developed to eliminate this impediment of blockchain technology by facilitating instantaneous transfers of cryptos. Since the potentials of LN is still relatively unknown, this paper investigates the current states of development along with possible non-monetary usage of LN, especially in settlement coloured coins such as securities, as well as creation of new business models based on Lightning Applications (LApps) and microchannel payments as well as micro-trades. The legal challenges that may act as impediment to the adoption of LN is also discussed.

International consensus has been achieved on the existence of several dysfunctional beliefs underlying the development and/or maintenance of the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Nevertheless, questions such as the dimensionality of the belief domains and the existence of OCD-specific dysfunctional beliefs still remain inconclusive. The present paper addresses these topics through two different studies. Study 1: A series of confirmatory factor analyses (N= 573 non-clinical subjects) were carried out on the Obsessive Beliefs Spanish Inventory-Revised (OBSI-R), designed to assess dysfunctional beliefs hypothetically related to OCD. An eight-factor model emerged as the best factorial solution: responsibility, over-importance of thoughts, thought-action fusion-likelihood, thought action fusion-morality, importance of thought control, overestimation of threat, intolerance of uncertainty and perfectionism. Study 2: The OBSI-R and other symptom measures were administered to 75 OCD patie...

Observation
Monetary mechanics is changing. The classical model is replaced by modern monetary mechanics. The method of accessing investments, dividing recompense into two or more countries, buying and selling in world trade or domestic market, solving international conflicts, dividing opportunities for all people in Human Rights, false government, untruthful data security, false bank, untrue stock exchange, untruthful judiciary, false corporate, untrue education, untrue Federal Bank, false fractional reserve system, false classical money, are causes that the effects are the collapse of the classical monetary system, classical trading system, classical government system, classical judicial system. The current monetary mechanism is bankrupt. How is the market and the relationship between people, companies, governments, banks, stock exchanges, jobs, investments, corporate governance, legal, recompense without the classic monetary system, no classic money, no classic jobs, no classic recompense, no bag of classical values? without the classic division of recompense, without classic money, without access to banks, without the judiciary to resolve conflicts?
Centralized method
The current system around the world has a centralized method. The government centralized, the Judiciary centralized, the power to draft rules and laws centralized, centralized control of the World Trade. Global investment control is centralized. The whole system in government and structure to control and resolve conflicts and money are centralized. If the individual or the companies have a conflict, the centralized method is to solve the problem by the Judiciary and its chain: lawyers, prosecutors, judges and others. If the individual or companies need money to invest in their projects, the centralized method is the bank, the government or the stock exchange. Monopoly of classical money.
Company in isolated place in developing countries can send and receive investments from all over the world without classic stock exchange system, classic banking system, classic system of government, classic court system?
Disruption or decentralized method
The current system around the world has a centralized method. But there is a decentralized method that is the effect of the union of new technologies such as Blockchain, internet of things, Crypto-currency, general data protection, Smart contracts, self executable contract, artificial intelligence. If the individual or the companies have a conflict, the decentralized method will solve the problem immediately and automatically when the anomaly determined in the Smart contract and the Auto Executable Contract is detected by the System. The control is through the Internet of Things and stored in a Blockchain Database. This solution is Disruption with the classical method of the Judiciary and its chain to resolve any conflicts between peoples. The minimal intervention of governments in human rights is the basis of the decentralized method for resolving conflicts and leaving aside the classical structure. If the individual or companies need money to invest in their projects, the centralized method is the bank, the government or the stock exchange. Those of the classic coin monopoly. Few people and companies have access to capital for investment in the classic centralized monetary system. In the decentralized method any person or company anywhere in the world, with much or little money, can invest in any project. African, Brazilian, Chinese, any people, singer, musician, farmer, fisherman, actor, author, any work can send and receive investments from anywhere in the world without classical stock exchange system, classic banking system, system of the Judiciary. Company in all sectors of the national or global economy, in an isolated place, in developing countries can send and receive investments from all over the world without a classic stock exchange system, without a classic system of banks, without a classic system of government, without a system judiciary.

Met-5-immunoreactivity is reported in the minipig brainstem.Immunoreactive fibers were widely distributed throughout the brainstem.Cell bodies were observed in 14 brainstem nuclei.Cell bodies were found in motor and raphae nuclei.Perikarya were found in the formatio reticularis and in the nucleus parabrachialis.We have studied the distribution of immunoreactive cell bodies and axons are containing methionine-enkephalin in the minipig brainstem. Immunoreactive axons were widely distributed, whereas the distribution of perikarya was less widespread. A high or moderate density of axons containing methionine-enkephalin were found from rostral to caudal levels in the substantia nigra, nucleus interpeduncularis, nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, nucleus dorsalis raphae, nucleus centralis raphae, nuclei dorsalis and ventralis tegmenti of Gudden, locus ceruleus, nucleus sensorius principalis nervi trigemini, nucleus cuneatus externalis, nucleus tractus solitarius, nuclei vestibularis inferior and medialis, nucleus ambiguus, nucleus olivaris inferior and in the nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini. Immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the nuclei centralis and dorsalis raphae, nucleus motorius nervi trigemini, nucleus centralis superior, nucleus nervi facialis, nuclei parabrachialis medialis and lateralis, nucleus ventralis raphae, nucleus reticularis lateralis and in the formatio reticularis. We have also described the presence of perikarya containing methionine-enkephalin in the nuclei nervi abducens, ruber, nervi oculomotorius and nervi trochlearis. These results suggest that in the minipig the pentapeptide may be involved in many physiological functions (for example, proprioceptive and nociceptive information; motor, respiratory and cardiovascular mechanisms).