Identity Groups

In 2013, as a researcher for the Alternative Religions Forum (based in South Africa) I compiled and drafted the original version of a paper called "Satanism: The Acid Test" which examines the phenomena of Satanic Ritual Abuse (SRA) propaganda and the hysteria that accompanies it, exposes the underlying foundation of "pseudo satanism" being put forth as actual religious Satanism and as an allegory for occult religions and a myriad of subcultures by self-appointed "occult experts" - and then goes on to explain what those identities really ARE from an inside perspective.

The goal of this document is to provide educational and informational material which will debunk, expose and disarm Satanic Ritual Abuse (SRA) claims, and to make it a freely available resource to the entire world.

Furthermore, the sections covering Paganism and Satanism as religions, and a section examining the Vampire subculture were each contributed to by authority figures and organizations WITHIN those communities, not by outsiders - thus the SRA myth and the association with "pseudo-satanism" is severed from each of these at the root by giving clear disambiguation, clarifications, explanations and examples.

Because of this approach, this document is completely unique.

References were made to various academic studies, research, surveys, news articles, books etc. The original document (Version 01.00 to 01.03) was distributed widely in 2013 and 2014 and made available as a free download from the ARF website, as well as on Academia.edu. Since then, the document has been updated several times (up to version 01.05 in 2024).

I believe that as a direct result of this document being sent to newspapers and media entities in this country in 2013-14, SRA hysteria in local media reporting abruptly changed from the stereotype to provide a more balanced outlook on what had been reported on previously as so-called "occult crimes", although there is still a lot of work to be done. - Christina Engela.

Intergroup attitude has always been an important issue in traditional social psychology for its blending of individual and social characteristic, social identity, intergroup threat and group-based emotion were the most relevant and important variables in traditional researches. Though there were many studies have found the basic role of social identity, few studies have tried to integrate those variables in the same model. For example, ITT first tried to argue that the realistic threat, symbolic threat and intergroup anxiety complement each other when affecting intergroup attitude, but it didn’t explore the relation of different threats and different emotions. Other researchers have showed that different threats might work on different attitudes and behaviors through different emotions, or have tried to propose a theory model including the three main factors, but there were rare researches to investigate the hypothesis systemically. Moreover, former studies mainly focused on the attitude to the out-group, neglecting the attitude to the in-group. And the later is also an important part of intergroup attitude. So the present study was aimed to explore the role of social identity, three forms of intergroup threats and three forms of intergroup group-based emotions in effecting the two forms of intergroup attitudes, and systemically analyze the fundamental role of social identity and its potential influencing mechanism.
In order to reach the aim, a questionnaire survey in the background of Diaoyu Island Event was carried out, before formal survey, a primary survey including 150 students from the target populate was made, and the result was used to modify the specific questions. In the formal survey,  431 undergraduates from different grades and majors took apart in the research in the unit of class (151boys and 256 girls). A neutral background material of about 1000 words was edited on the news from Sep 7th to Oct 20th, the questionnaire included identity to nation, three types of group-based emotions, three types of intergroup threats, and two types of intergroup attitudes, most of the questions were based on former researches and were modified to the specific situation. The last part of the survey was some demographic data. The date collected was analyzed by SPSS13.0 and SEM.
  The result showed: firstly, national identity as the main antecedent variable could have a direct effect on both the in-group and out-group attitude, but also have an indirect effect the two intergroup attitudes through cultural threat and anger. But as the structural model showed, it had no significant effect on identity threat, realistic threat, uneasy and depressed. The result verified former researches and hypotheses partly. Secondly, different intergroup threat had varied effect on different intergroup attitudes through different group-based emotions. For example, the effect of identity threat on the in-group attitude was fully mediated by depressed, and the effect of realistic and culture threat on the two intergroup attitudes was partly or fully mediated by anger. Finally, national identity can both mediated the effect of identity threat on the two forms of intergroup attitude and the mediation of anger between identity threat and the two forms of intergroup, and the directions of the two mediations were both negative, which partly suggesting the key role of social identity in effecting intergroup attitude. .   
    Those results proved that the mechanism of in-group and out-group attitude was not all the same, the correlation and difference of them together constituted the panorama of intergroup attitudes.

Bu çalışma, Hollanda'daki Türkiye kökenli birinci ve ikinci kuşak göçmenlere odaklanarak ekonomik eşitsizliklerin, çokkültürlü toplumlardaki azınlık gruplarının aidiyet hislerini nasıl etkilediğini incelemektedir. Bu araştırma, Türkiye kökenli göçmenlerin Hollanda toplumuna aidiyetlerinin farklı faktörlerden farklı şekilde etkilendiği sonucuna ulaşmıştır. Birinci kuşak Türkiye kökenli göçmenler kültürel ayrımcılık, ötekileştirme ve ekonomik yoksunluk konularındaki rahatsızlıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. İkinci kuşak Türkiye kökenli göçmenler ise Hollanda toplumunda daha prestijli işlere sahip olma konusundaki kısıtlamalardan dolayı görece yoksunluk hissi yaşamaktadır. Birinci kuşağın sorunlarını kültürel ayrımcılık ve yoksunluk özetlerken; ikinci kuşağın sorunlarını görece yoksunluk yaklaşımı açıklamaktadır. araştırma bulguları Hollanda'daki Türkiye kökenli 37 göçmenle Amsterdam, Rotterdam ve Maastricht şehirlerdinde Ocak-Nisan 2011 tarihleri arasında yapılan derinlemesine görüşmelere dayanmaktadır.


Abstract

This article examines the role of economic inequalities in the minority groups' belonging practices in the multucultural societies. The investigation is conducted in the context of the Netherlands with specific focus on the first and second-generations immigrants from Turkey. This study found out that different factors affect Turkish immigrants' belonging practices differently. While the first generation immigrants complain about cultural discrimination, marginalization and economic deprivation; second generation immigrants complain more about relative deprivation and discrimination in terms of their opportunities to access more prestigious position in Dutch society and more elite professions. While grievance theory presents a better tool to understand the plight of second generation, explanations related to cultural discrimination and deprivation are more useful to understand the concerns of the first generation Turkish immigrants. The analysis is based on in-depth interviews in cities of Amsterdam, Maastricht and Rotterdam with 37 immigrants from Turkey in between January to April 2011.

This paper is about the development of suburbs in Kashmir over the past quarter century. The former polarity between city and hinterland is becoming blurred in these suburbs, both physically and culturally. This paper is divided into two parts. The first gives a macroscopic overview of how the concepts and contours of community are being re-imagined in these suburbs. Part Two provides glimpses of the same processes on a microcosmic scale, presenting the ongoing socio-economic and cultural changes as organic processes. The intention is that this microview will, in combination with the macro-perspective presented in Part One, give a multi-dimensional impression of community-formation in suburban Kashmir. Part One describes hitherto uncommon forms of exclusion in these suburbs, even to the extent of apparent social fragmentation. On the other hand, new patterns of inclusion are also becoming evident, some of them trans-local, virtual, even global in scale. Part Two presents a set of vi...