Indiginous peoples

本論文以一個東部排灣族的五旬節/靈恩派牧師－林正行的生命史為主軸，往回追溯他的父母親對他的靈恩觀念和實踐的影響，也描述了他如何連結具有靈恩派傾向的牧者、信徒和教會，建立了具有原住民地方性特色的蒙恩靈修院。這個位於南迴公路山裡的靈修院，曾經是推動東部和南部排灣靈恩運動的重要機構，和全台灣的靈恩運動有連結，也和國際的靈恩運動有所連結。這個連結的網路是五旬節/靈恩運動的全球性發展趨勢。因此本論文不只描述一個地方性靈恩派機構，更呈現出全球性靈恩派基督教發展的一個地方性案例。
    筆者認為，蒙恩宣教中心的設立，必須從地方性靈恩派基督教發展的歷史脈絡來理解。筆者發現到，靈恩派基督教在東部排灣眾教會當中，並沒有得到普遍性的支持和跟隨。有一段時期長老教會東排中會的領導人相當反對靈恩派基督教，間接導致後來林正行牧師被東排中會免職，以及安朔長老教會脫離長老教會系統而改名為阿露依教會。蒙恩宣教中心接續了蒙恩靈修院的靈恩派走向，以在各地方建立教會為目標，和各地的長老教會產生了競爭性的緊張關係。蒙恩宣教中心是以宣教為核心關懷的基督教信仰組織，也是和長老教會具有明顯差異之處。這樣一個以原住民為主體所形成的基督教宣教組織，它的意義為何？在宣教歷史上又有甚麼特殊性？本論文將嘗試回答這些問題。

Desde o início do século XX, Antropologia tem se dedicado a estudar a trajetória dos Tembé/Tenetehara. Em consonância com os contextos acadêmicos e políticos, historicamente localizados, essa disciplina tem contribuído com diferentes imagens sobre o povo, muitas das quais se ligam imediatamente às demandas políticas da própria etnia. De maneira geral, os antropólogos estão entre os intermediadores de processos de legitimação e/ou inserção desse grupo no quadro das etnias indígenas brasileira. Assim, este trabalho propõe apresentar um percurso nesses variados discursos antropológicos, considerando a minha inserção no diversificado grupo desses pesquisadores e em diálogo com a Arqueologia. Trata-se de evidenciar como imagens acerca dos Tembé/Tenetehara são erigidas e derrubadas, cristalizadas e abrandadas, considerando as premissas dos antropólogos. A literatura especializada e o exercício do trabalho de campo são as fontes privilegiadas no artigo. Assim, o que pretendo é fomentar o debate sobre a produção do conhecimento antropológico, no qual a voz do interlocutor soa com diferentes tons.

The word Poetomachia is, as defined by Merriam-Webster, " a contest of poets; specifically: a literary quarrel involving a number of Elizabethan dramatists. " That Elizabethan detail is important. What they're saying is that the Western viewpoint controls the whole she-bang. But as the adage goes, " the pen is mightier than the sword, " and for generations, there has been a war of words by playwrights to give the oppressed a voice and to make the world a better place. The Indigenous Voice of Poetomachia is twelve essays and two interviews, exploring various regions of the world where voices in drama and literature have been suppressed. This book was created to fill the gap of post-colonial dramatic theory, as for centuries, the West has told indigenous and third-world cultures who and what they are, dictating their future and demonizing their past. The book spans regions in Africa, Ireland, Japan, and India, exploring readings of plays which are out of the mainstream of the average graduate student or Ph.D. candidate. Some are obscure, but all offer different possibilities for dramatic reading. As the Expert's Note tells us in the beginning, the idea is that the only uncensored truth is for one to write one's own stories. The re-telling of a sample of these stories is one of the goals of this four-part book. Section One of The Indigenous Voice of Poetomachia introduces indigenous theater. These enactments beyond the stage included religious rites, poetic songs, oral storytelling traditions and ancient aboriginal theater. These dramas have all been performed over the ages without much (or any) written text or stage construction, in common community spaces. The book presents the western view of theater as a 16 th Century development, led by Shakespeare and the Christian Passion Plays. They do not discuss the influence of the Ancient Greeks here, still clearly Western and forever relevant. But that would probably be another thousand pages. It is the editors' premise that traditional Indian forms of performance have been repressed by the West and in fact have " centrifugal power " to activate our historical and theoretical imaginations, to understand what performance used to be and its future potential to create intellectual change. The British post-colonial view of what defines art and aesthetics have long ignored, if not erased, much Indian ritualistic drama, such as the celebration of death anniversary of Sufi saints. The first essay explores the British censorship in Bengal. After colonialization, anti-British themes and nationalism began appearing in theater, which has always been a voice for staging resistance and stirring public opinion.

Using the different standards for prior and informed consultation of Afro-descendants and indigenous peoples by the most active Courts of the Inter-American system, this paper attempts to show an emblematic example of two-way dialogue from the global south. It presents the whole jurisprudential case law of both Courts on the subject, particularly in the cases of Saramaka v. Suriname (2007) and decision T-129/11. The protection of environment and vulnerable communities in the Amazon region is taken as an example to illustrate the relevance of articulating standards in the arena of the economic, politic and social supranational integration.